全泥氰化提金尾矿处理新工艺及其应用

黄金矿山尾矿处理，投资和工程量大，对当地生态环境破坏严重，并且损失尾矿中的已溶金，文章介绍全泥氰化矿处理新工艺，此法可以圆满解决上述问题。     

铁尾矿地砖的制备及其机理分析

简要介绍了唐山地区铁矿尾矿制备铁尾矿砖的试验研究，并设计制备铁尾矿砖生产工艺流程和最佳配比。研究结果表明，以铁尾矿为主要材料，通过掺加适量的水泥、粉煤灰、粗骨料和一定的外加剂，经常温常压养护28天后，抗压强度可达到28．30MPa，抗折强度为5．63MPa，同时长期性能研究也表明可以制备出合格的铁尾矿地砖。为铁尾矿大量资源化利用辊供了一条新的徐径．同时还对铁尾砖的微观机理作了初步研究。     

珍珠岩尾矿烧结砖的实验研究

以珍珠岩尾矿为原料进行烧结砖实验研究，发现该砖具有轻质、高强及保温等特点。珍珠岩尾矿烧结砖的生产，将有利于环保治理，又具有较为显著的经济效益。     

金矿尾矿综合利用途径研究与展望

正一、概述(一)金矿尾矿的来源与特点1.来源尾矿是选矿厂在一定技术条件下,将大的矿石磨碎、磨细,从中选出有用的组分之后排放出的废弃物,也就是矿石经选别出精矿后剩余的固体废料。金矿尾矿就是在金矿开采的产物中有用组分含量较低而无法用于生产的部分。金矿尾矿按照选矿工艺的不同可以分为以下几种类型:手选尾矿、重选尾矿、浮选尾矿、化学选矿尾矿、电选及光电选矿尾矿等。随着黄金提金技术的高速发展,中国黄金矿山的数量、规模及产量也日趋增长,然而矿石入选品位却     

利用尾矿分级溢流液处理矿山酸性废水的研究

根据德兴矿酸性废水及尾矿分级溢流液的特性，经试验，利用尾矿分级溢流液处理矿山生废水是可行的，中和液在尾矿库进行沉淀，中和渣存放于发愤矿库内，不别建渣库，节省投资，这一处理工艺对灰似矿山具有参考价值。     

矿业固体废物—尾矿的资源化

目前，我国95％以上的能源、80％以上的工业原料、70％以上的农业生产资料均来自矿产资源。随着矿产资源开采量的日益增大，矿业固体废物——尾矿的排放量也逐年增多。我国现有8000多个国营矿山和11万多个乡镇集体矿山，堆存的尾矿达40亿t以上，且每年以数亿吨的速度增加，不仅占用了大量土地，而且造成了严重的环境污染。矿山尾矿具有颗粒细、数量大、成本低的特点，除含有可回收的少量矿物成分外，基本上是由硅酸盐、碳酸盐等组成的“复合”矿物材料，是可利用的二次资源。我国制定的（中国对世纪议程冲提出：伴生资源的综合回收率2000年…     

碳酸盐岩地区矿山酸性排水的产生及其防治初探

尾矿中的硫化物在空气、水、微生物等的作用下,发生一系列的物理化学反应,形成矿山酸性排水(AMD)。在碳酸盐岩地区,由于尾矿和围岩中都含有大量对酸具有中和效应的碳酸盐矿物,于是人们一直认为碳酸盐岩地区的尾矿不存在酸污染。而如广西大厂、广东凡口及大宝山、贵州牛角塘等碳酸盐岩地区矿山的尾矿却存在着严重的酸污染,其主要原因是碳酸盐矿物在中和酸水过程中,表面会形成阻止反应进一步进行的次生包壳,碳酸盐矿物的实际中和量达不到其理论值。矿山酸性排水携带大量的重金属离子,对碳酸盐岩地区的生态环境及矿山工程设施带来严重的危害。针对碳酸盐岩地区尾矿自身的特殊性,对新建尾矿堆采用覆盖法,而对已经产酸的尾矿用渗透反应栅法,是防治这类尾矿酸化的有效方法。     

尾矿添加量对加气混凝土性能的影响

通过实验,以金尾矿、石膏、水泥、石灰、铝粉等为原料,研究金尾矿添加量对加气混凝土性能的影响。分析认为,不同的配合比,不仅关系到产品的经济效益,还会对产品的性能有显著影响。实验得出能提高尾矿利用率的最优尾矿添加量为64.8%,最佳配比为:金尾矿64.8%、石灰16.2%、水泥14.2%、石膏4.7%、铝粉0.1%。     

湖南湘西金矿尾矿的地质地球化学特征与二次开发前景

对湖南湘西金矿尾矿的堆存、分布特征及其化学组成、微量元素含量等进行了初步研究．结果发现：尾矿中贵、重金属元素如Au、Sb、W、Pb、As等含量较高，因此，尾矿不仅是矿区的潜在污染源，而且是一种重要的后备资源．具有较大的二次开发前景。     

贵州某金尾矿节能开采及综合利用技术研究

在矿石的开采过程中,不可避免的会产生尾矿,相对于其他金属而言,黄金的品位较低,开采后会产生更多的尾矿,如果没有做好相应的处理和回收利用,就会造成资源的浪费。因此,对尾矿的节能开采以及综合利用显得尤为重要。本文针对金尾矿的节能开采和综合利用技术展开探讨,将金尾矿中的有用材料进行二次回收,不仅避免了相应的浪费,还会使得土地资源得到更有效的运用。     

Penetration analysis of elements and bioleaching treatment of spent refractory for recycling

Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC23270 and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans TM-32 were used for bioleaching of spent refractories of aluminium and copper melting furnaces for their recycling.Firstly,penetration of elements into aluminium melting furnace refractory was investigated and it was found that up to 7 cm from surface was contaminated.Comparison on leaching efficiency by the strains ATCC23270 and TM-32 found that the strain ATCC23270 could treat larger amount of the refractories than the strain TM-32 could do.In the experiment of bioleaching of spent refractory aluminium melting furnace by the strain ATCC23270,high leaching efficiency were obtained on Al,Si,and Ca,and extremely low leaching performance was,however,shown on the rest of elements i.e.,Na,Mn,and Zn.Under the strain TM-32 use,relatively high leaching performance was recognized on Al,Si,Ca,Na,Mn,and Zn.In the experiment of bioleaching for spent refractory copper melting furnace,almost the same leaching trends were shown on Cu,Zn,Al,and Si under the strains ACTT23270 and TM-32 uses.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Elevated CO2 changes the moderate shade tolerance of yellow birch seedlings

To demonstrate the existence of light thresholds in plant growth and to examine the effects of elevated CO2 on the shade tolerance of a tree species, an experiment consisting of a completely randomized design for a total of 96 yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britton) seedlings was conducted with 3 light levels (2.9%, 7.7%, 26.1% of full sunlight)×2 CO2 levels (350 and 700±10 ppm) with 4 replications in a phytotron. The study proved that thresholds exist and they vary in different plant organs. In ambient CO2, the thresholds were 13.3%, 18.7%, 15.0%, 15.2%, and 15.6% of full sunlight for stem, leaf, root, total plant biomass, and the averaged value, respectively. In 700 ppm CO2, the corresponding thresholds were 16.7%, 21.3%, 18.1%, 21.7% and 19.5% for stem, leaf, root, total plant biomass, and the averaged value, respectively. The lowest threshold in the stem is an indicator of the minimal light intensity for regular growth for seedlings of this species. Below this threshold, light-stressful growth occurs. The result of a paired t-test indicated that the thresholds in elevated CO2 were significantly higher than in ambient CO2. This suggests that yellow birch will lose its moderate shade tolerance, evolutionally becoming a shade-intolerant species, and that it may become more difficult to naturally regenerate in the future.     

Characteristics of high-sulfate wastewater treatment by two-phase anaerobic digestion process with Jet-loop anaerobic fluidized bed

A new anaerobic reactor, Jet-loop anaerobic fluidized bed （JLAFB）, was designed for treating high-sulfate wastewater. The treatment characteristics, including the effect of influent COD/SO42 ratio and alkalinity and sulfide inhibition in reactors, were discussed for a JLAFB and a general anaerobic fiuidized bed （AFB） reactor used as sulfate-reducing phase and methane-producing phase, respectively, in two-phase anaerobic digestion process. The formation of granules in the two reactors was also examined. The results indicated that COD and sulfate removal had different demand of influent COD/SO4^2- ratios. When total COD removal was up to 85%, the ratio was only required up to 1.2, whereas, total sulfate removal up to 95% required it exceeding 3.0. The alkalinity in the two reactors increased linearly with the growth of influent alkalinity. Moreover, the change of influent alkalinity had no significant effect on pH and volatile fatty acids （VFA） in the two reactors. Influent alkalinity kept at 400-500 mg/L could meet the requirement of the treating process. The JLAFB reactor had great advantage in avoiding sulfide and free-H2S accumulation and toxicity inhibition on microorganisms. When sulfate loading rate was up to 8. 1 kg/（m^3.d）, the sulfide and free-H2S concentrations in JLAFB reactor were 58.6 and 49.7 mg/L, respectively. Furthermore, the granules, with offwhite color, ellipse shape and diameters of 1.0-3.0 mm, could be developed in JLAFB reactor. In granules, different groups of bacteria were distributed in different layers, and some inorganic metal compounds such as Fe, Ca, Mg etc. were found.     

Intraspecific differences in effects of co-contamination of cadmium and

A hydroponic experiment was carried out to study intraspecific differences in the effects of different concentrations of cadmium (Cd)(0-10 mg/L) and arsenate (As(V)) (0-8 mg/L) on the growth parameters and accumulation of Cd and As in six wheat varieties Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11, Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8. The endpoints of wheat seedlings, including seed germination,biomass, root length and shoot height, decreased with increasing the Cd and As concentrations. Significant differences in seed germination, biomass, root length, shoot height and the accumulation of Cd and As were observed between the treatments and among the varieties (p ＜ 0.05). The lethal dosage 50% were about 20, 80, 60, 60, 80 and 20 mg As/L for Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11,Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8, respectively, and the corresponding values for Cd were about 30, 80, 20, 40, 60 and 10 mg Cd/L, respectively. Among the six varieties, Duokang-1 was found to be the most resistant to Cd and As toxicity, and Zhongmai-8 was the most sensitive to Cd and As co-contamination. The resistance of the six varieties was found dependant on the seedling uptake of Cd and As. Duokang-1 was the most suitable for cultivation in Cd and As co-contaminated soils.     

颗粒尺寸对纳米氧化物环境行为的影响

随着纳米技术迅猛发展,纳米颗粒的环境行为和生态效应越来越受到关注.纳米氧化物作为环境中的重要组成,广泛存在于水体、大气、土壤以及沉积物中,其大比表面积和高表面活性,控制和影响着环境中一些污染物和营养元素的形态、迁移、转化和生物有效性.纳米尺寸是纳米颗粒特有属性,颗粒尺寸大小调控和决定纳米氧化物的结构及物理化学特性,从而在较大程度上影响其与相关元素的界面反应性和环境地球化学行为.综述了纳米氧化物的尺寸对吸附、(还原)溶解、(催化)氧化、聚集和迁移等环境行为的影响,讨论了尺寸效应的作用机制,最后展望了环境中纳米金属氧化物尺寸效应有关的研究热点和方向.     

灭幼脲类农药对非靶生物的影响及其在生物体内的代谢

综述国内外近年来有关灭幼脲类农药施用后对非靶生物可能造成的影响和其在生物体内吸收代谢方面的研究成果。分别阐述了施药区中,蜜蜂、家蚕、鸟类等陆生生物,鱼类、甲壳类和节肢类等水生生物可能受到的影响;以及灭幼脲类农药对家禽、家畜的影响和在它们体内的吸收代谢情况。指出,灭幼脲类农药的使用对陆生生物蜜蜂和鸟类,以及家禽、家畜等不产生明显的毒害和污染,对水生生物鱼类也没有什么影响,但对家蚕、以及水生甲壳类动物和节肢类动物(尤其是其幼体)的毒害较大。     

Toxicity assessing for chlorpyrifos-contaminated soil with three different earthworm test methods

Earthworm toxicity tests are useful tools for terrestrial risk assessment but require a hierarchy of test designs that differ in effect levels (behavior, sublethal, lethal). In this study, the toxicity of chlorpyrifos contaminated soil on earthworms was assessed. In addition to the acute and chronic tests, an avoidance response test was applied. Earthworms were exposed to sublethal and lethal concentration of chlorpyrifos, and evaluated for acute toxicity, growth, fecundity and avoidance response after a certain exposure period. The test methods covered all important ecological relevant endpoints (acute, chronic, behavioral). Concentration of 78.91 mg/kg, chlorpyrifos caused significant toxic effects in all test methods, but at lower test concentrations, only significant chronic toxic effects could be observed. In the present study, chlorpyrifos had adverse effect on growth and fecundity in earthworm exposed to 5 mg/kg chlorpyrifos after eight weeks. The avoidance response test, however, showed significant repellent effects concentration of 40 mg/kg chlorpyrifos. For chlorpyrifos, concentration affecting avoidance response was far greater than growth and fecundity, it seemed likely that earthworms were not able to escape from pesticide-contaminated soil into the clean soil in field and hence were exposed continuously to elevated concentrations of pesticides.     

Residual dynamics of thiacloprid in medical herbs marjoram, thyme, and camomile and in soil

Thiacloprid is a new insecticide of the chloronicotinyl family. To assess its risk after application, residual characteristics of thiacloprid in marjoram, thyme, and camomile and in soil were studied under field conditions. The active ingredient was extracted from the plant material using a mixture of acetone-water. After filtration, the extract was concentrated to the aqueous phase, diluted with water, and portioned against ethyl acetate on a matrix solid phase dispersion column. Thiacloprid was extracted from soil using a mixture of methanol-water, filtered, and re.extracted （clean up） with dichloromethane. The residues were quantified using HPLC-MS-MS. The methods were validated by recovery experiments. Thiacloprid residues in marjoram, thyme, and camomile and in soil persisted beyond 10, 14, 14, and 21 d but no residues were detected after 14, 21, 21, and 28 d, respectively. The data obtained in this study indicated that the biexponential model is more suitable than the first-order function to describe the decline of thiacloprid in fresh marjoram, fresh thyme, and dried camomile flowers with half-life （t1/2） of 1.1, 0.7, and 1.2 d, respectively. However, both the first-order function and biexponential model were found to be applicable for dissipation of thiacloprid in soil with almost the same t1/2 values of 3.5 and 3.6 d. The results indicated that thiacloprid dissipates rapidly and does not accumulate in the tested herbs and in soil.     

北极冰化学元素含量及其分布

报道了北极冰主要化学元素的浓度分布及其变化，在测定的３１种成分中，高于仪器检测限的１０种元素Ｂ，Ｍｇ，Ｖ，Ａｓ，Ｒｂ，ＳＤｒ，Ｃａ，Ｋ，Ｓ，Ｎａ的硬度被用来统计分析。结果表明，同一地区，元素浓度相对稳定，不同地区浓度有较大差异。元素浓度与纬度关系的相关分析显示，随纬度增加，各元素显降低。