李干杰副部长在全国农村环境保护暨生态建设示范工作现场会上的总结讲话

全国农村环境保护暨生态建设示范工作现场会就要结束了。两天半会议期间,大家听取了周生贤部长的重要讲话,对浙江省宁波市农村环境综合整治和生态示范建设情况进行了实地考察,交流了各自的经验和做法,提出了建设性的意见和建议。大家认为,这次会议学习了经验,领会了精神,受到了鼓舞,增强了信心,明确了方向,强化了责任。在大家的共同努力下,会议达到预期目的,取得圆满成功。     

张力军副局长在全国河流污染防治工作会议上的总结讲话

全国河流污染防治工作会议就要结束了。虽然只安排了一天的会议,但同志们都反映收获很大。环保总局周生贤局长出席会议并发表了重要讲话,传达了十七大会议精神,提出了新时期环保工作新要求,充分论述了“让河流休养生息”的重要意义,     

HSE作业指导书在采油队的应用

为了进一步提高HSE管理水平,切实加强采油队在施工中的风险管理,我们在采油队推行了HSE作业指导书,实施以来,增强了职工的HSE意识,规范了HSE管理,有效地防范了作业风险,取得了良好效果.     

浅析电子政务信息的定位及实践

2006年起,广西壮族自治区地震局把做好政务信息工作摆上了重要议事日程,安排了专人负责,落实了措施,落实了专项经费,政务信息工作发生了质的飞跃.特别是信息管理员制度和激励机制从根本上改观了政务信息往日的面貌.本文介绍了广西壮族自治区地震局电子政务信息工作在事业发展中的定位、主要做法、成效和经验,意在抛砖引玉,加强学习和交流.     

清洁生产在加氢裂化装置的推广

介绍了中国石化扬子石化有限公司芳烃厂加氢裂化车间清洁生产管理体制、环境管理目标及环境管理措施.通过持续推进清洁生产,提高了职工对于环境保护的认识,减少了装置污染物排放,降低了能耗物耗,提高了经济效益,并强化了车间的生产管理.     

污染整治有哪些经验可寻?

富阳市开展造纸行业环境污染整治改善了城市环境质量,提升了群众环境生活品质,给企业带来了更大的发展空间,推动了社会经济的全面发展.     

墨江县通关镇卡房村环境综合整治研究

分析了我国农村环境污染问题及成因,总结了墨江农村环境整治现状。深入调查了卡房村污染状况,核算了污染负荷,摸清了污染原因,提出了对其进行农村综合整治的思路和措施,并进行了效益分析。     

基于粗糙集的有机涂层腐蚀损伤综合评定模型

运用粗糙集理论对评定涂层腐蚀损伤的9个单项指标进行了约简,消除了冗余信息,提高了评定效率,并依据粗糙集的属性重要性确定了相应评定指标的权重,消除了传统方法计算权重的主观性,增强了综合评定结果的可靠性,最终建立了有机涂层腐蚀损伤综合评定模型。通过对不同防护涂层的飞机典型结构试验件加速腐蚀试验的结果分析,验证了模型的可行性,并定量得到了不同涂层腐蚀损伤的综合评定等级。     

基于FTA法的潜射武器通道可靠性分析

应用故障树分析法,对潜射武器通道可靠性进行了分析,建立了该系统的故障树,并在此基础上计算了武器通道的可靠性参数.讨论了部件的概率重要度和关键重要度,结合所建的故障树给出了相应的结果.通过重要度分析,找到了提高系统可靠性的途径.     

多媒体——小学数学教学的得力助手

多媒体技术的发展使小学数学教学模式发生了根本性变化。课堂体现了学生的主体性原则,多媒体的应用丰富了教学内容,灵活了教学方式,点燃了学生思维的火花,提高了学生听课效率,有效解决了数学教学中的重难点,多媒体是小学数学教学的得力助手。     

Exploration of relationships between phytoplankton biomass and related environmental variables using multivariate statistic analysis in a eutrophic shallow lake： A S-year study

Understanding the process of the changing phytoplankton patterns can be particularly useful in water quality improvement and management decisions. However, it is generally not easy to illustrate the interactions between phytoplankton biomass and related environmental variables given their high spatial and temporal heterogeneity. To elucidate relationships between them, in a eutrophic shallow lake, Taihu Lake, relative long-term data set of biotic and abiotic parameters of water quality in the lake were conducted using multivariate statistical analysis within seasonal periodicity. The results indicate that water temperature and total phosphorus （TP） played governing roles in phytoplankton dynamics in most seasons （i.e. temperature in winter, spring and summer; TP in spring, summer and autumn）; COD （chemical oxygen demand） and BOD （biological oxygen demand） presented significant positive relationships with phytoplankton biomass in spring, summer and autumn. However, a complex interplay was found between phytoplankton biomass and nitrogen considering significant positive relationships occurring between them in spring and autumn, and conversely negative ones in summer. As the predatory factor, zooplankton presented significant grazing-pressure on phytoplankton biomass during summer in view of negative relationship between them in the season. Significant feedback effects of phytoplankton development were identified in summer and autumn in view that significant relationships were obser,qed between phytoplankton biomass and pH, Trans （transparency of water） and DO. The results indicate that interactions between phyto：plankton biomass and related environmental variables are highly sensitive to seasonal periodicity, which improves understanding of different roles of biotic and abiotic variables upon phytoplankton variability, and hence, advances management methods for eutrophic lakes.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Intraspecific differences in effects of co-contamination of cadmium and

A hydroponic experiment was carried out to study intraspecific differences in the effects of different concentrations of cadmium (Cd)(0-10 mg/L) and arsenate (As(V)) (0-8 mg/L) on the growth parameters and accumulation of Cd and As in six wheat varieties Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11, Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8. The endpoints of wheat seedlings, including seed germination,biomass, root length and shoot height, decreased with increasing the Cd and As concentrations. Significant differences in seed germination, biomass, root length, shoot height and the accumulation of Cd and As were observed between the treatments and among the varieties (p ＜ 0.05). The lethal dosage 50% were about 20, 80, 60, 60, 80 and 20 mg As/L for Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11,Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8, respectively, and the corresponding values for Cd were about 30, 80, 20, 40, 60 and 10 mg Cd/L, respectively. Among the six varieties, Duokang-1 was found to be the most resistant to Cd and As toxicity, and Zhongmai-8 was the most sensitive to Cd and As co-contamination. The resistance of the six varieties was found dependant on the seedling uptake of Cd and As. Duokang-1 was the most suitable for cultivation in Cd and As co-contaminated soils.     

基于电子鼻土壤与地下水污染修复现场TVOC和恶臭的评估

根据上海某土壤与地下水污染修复现场情况,应用自主研发的电子鼻系统(iSA-M1)分别对未修复及修复过程中的土壤和地下水、修复场地上空及周边空气中的VOCs和恶臭类气体进行检测.结合前期研究所得TPI和OPI公式,求得各点的值,并将其用图表示.结果表明:①修复后TVOC和恶臭的浓度总体呈下降趋势;②在土壤和地下水修复过程中,VOCs和恶臭的挥发受气象要素和作业的影响,其浓度在总体下降的过程中伴随着阶段性上升现象;③结合GIS技术,电子鼻能初步用于评估土壤和地下水修复现场造成的空间污染情况及对周围居民产生的影响.但造成影响程度的具体细化分级还需要进一步研究.     

Characteristics of indoor/outdoor PM2.5 and elemental components in generic urban, roadside and industrial plant areas of Guangzhou City, China

Quantitative information on mass concentrations and other characteristics, such as spatial distribution, seasonal variation, indoor/outdoor （I/O） ratio, correlations and sources, of indoor and outdoor PM2.5 and elemental components in Guangzhou City were provided. Mass concentration of PM2.5 and elemental components were determined by standard weight method and proton-induced X-ray emission （PIXE） method. 18 elements were detected, the results showed positive results. Average indoor and outdoor PM2.5 concentrations in nine sites were in the range of 67.7-74.5μg/m^3 for summer period, and 109.9-123.7 μg/m^3 for winter period, respectively. The sum of 18 elements average concentrations were 5362.6-5533.4 ng/m^3 for summer period, and 8416.8-8900.6 ng/m^3 for winter period, respectively. Average concentrations of PM2.5 and element components showed obvious spatial characteristic, that the concentrations in roadside area and in industrial plant area were higher than those in generic urban area. An obvious seasonal variation characteristic was found for PM2.5 and elemental components, that the concentrations in winter were higher than that in summer. The I/O ratio of PM2.5 and some elemental components presented larger than 1 sometimes. According to indoor/outdoor correlation of PM2.5 and element concentrations, it was found that there were often good relationships between indoor and outdoor concentrations. Enrichment factors were calculated to evaluate anthropogenic versus natural elements sources.     

Nitrogen cycling of atmosphere-plant-soil system in the typical Calamagrostis angustifolia wetland in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China

The nitrogen (N) distribution and cycling of atmosphere-plant-soil system in the typical meadow Calamagrostis angustifolia wetland (TMCW) and marsh meadow Calamagrostis angustifolia wetland (MMCW) in the Sanjiang plain were studied by a compartment model. The results showed that the N wet deposition amount was 0.757 gN/(m2·a), and total inorganic N (TIN) was the main body (0.640 gN/(m2·a)). The ammonia volatilization amounts of TMCW and MMCW soils in growing season were 0.635 and 0.687 gN/m2, and the denitrification gaseous lost amounts were 0.617 and 0.405 gN/m2, respectively. In plant subsystem, the N was mainly stored in root and litter. Soil organic N was the main N storage of the two plant-soil systems and the proportions of it were 93.98% and 92.16%, respectively. The calculation results of N turnovers among compartments of TMCW and MMCW showed that the uptake amounts of root were 23.02 and 28.18 gN/(m2·a) and the values of aboveground were 11.31 and 6.08 gN/(m2·a), the re-translocation amounts from aboveground to root were 5.96 and 2.70 gN/(m2·a), the translocation amounts from aboveground living body to litter were 5.35 and 3.38 gN/(m2·a), the translocation amounts from litter to soil were larger than 1.55 and 3.01 gN/(m2·a), the translocation amounts from root to soil were 14.90 and 13.17 gN/(m2·a), and the soil (0-15cm) N net mineralization amounts were 1.94 and 0.55 gN/(m2·a), respectively. The study of N balance indicated that the two plant-soil systems might be situated in the status of lacking N, and the status might induce the degradation of C. angustifolia wetland.     

厌氧氨氧化过程中COD及pH与基质浓度之间的关系

分析了上向流厌氧氨氧化生物滤池中氮素化合物浓度、COD和pH变化规律以及ANAMMOX活性和生物量的分布规律,利用数理统计的方法研究了厌氧氨氧化过程中COD和pH与氮素基质浓度之间的关系.结果表明,溶解氧和氮负荷的共同作用使得ANAMMOX活性和生物量的分布沿滤层深度呈"山脊"状不均匀分布;异养反硝化的存在和H+的消耗使得厌氧氨氧化过程中COD和pH分别呈降低和升高趋势;100 mg/L以下的有机物浓度对厌氧氨氧化菌的影响不大,且COD和pH与基质NH4+-N浓度之间呈良好的线性相关关系.本试验中COD-NH4+-N和pH-NH4+-N拟合直线的斜率分别为1.113 8±0.052 2和-0.111 3±0.001 2,置信度为95%,平均相关系数R2分别为0.982 3和0.985 0.     

Effects of two sludge application on fractionation and phytotoxicity of zinc and copper in the soil

The potential harm of heavy metals is a primary concern in application of sludge to the agricultural land. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of two sludges on fractionation of Zn and Cu in soil and their phytotoxicity to pakchoi. The loamy soil was mixed with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% (by weight) of digested sewage sludge (SS) and composted sludge (SC). The additions of both sludges caused a significant raise in all fractions, resulting in that exchangeable (EXCH) and organic bound (OM) became predominance of Zn and organic bound Cu occupied the largest portion. There was more available amount of Zn and Cu in SS treatments than SC treatments. During the pot experiment, the concentration of Zn in EXCH, carbonate (CAR) and OM and Cu in EXCH and OM fractions decreased in all treatments, so their bioavailability reduced. Germination rate and plant biomass decreased when the addition rate was high and the best yield appeared in 20% mixtures at the harvest of pakchoi. The two sludges increased tissue contents of Zn and Cu especially in the SS treatments. Zn in pakchoi was not only in relationship to ΔEXCH and ΔCAR forms but also in ΔOM forms in the sludge-soil mixtures. Tissue content of Cu in pakchoi grown on SC-soils could not be predicted by ΔEXCH. These correlation rates between Zn and Cu accumulation in pakchoi and variation of different fractions increased with time, which might indicate that sludges represented stronger impacts on the plant in long-term land application.     

污泥超高温好氧发酵去除氟喹诺酮类抗生素及其降解产物

对比分析了污泥传统高温好氧发酵(TC)和超高温好氧发酵(HTC)对诺氟沙星(NOR)、氧氟沙星(OFL)及其降解产物的去除性能.结果表明,超高温好氧与高温好氧发酵25d时NOR去除率分别为91.8％,92.1％,产物诺氟沙星脱乙基(NORP)残留含量分别为628,668μg/kg;OFL去除率分别为92.1％、88.1...     

北京市夏季O3、 NOx等污染物“周末效应”研究

采用了2000-06-25~2000-07-07以及2000-07-26~2000-08-22在北京325 m气象塔观测平台观测到的O3、NOx(NO和NO2)、CO和SO2数据,分析了周末与工作日O3、NOx、NO、NO2、CO和SO2浓度变化的差异及成因.结果表明,除SO2之外,O3、NOx、NO、NO2和CO的周末浓度与对应工作日浓度相关性显著,均通过了显著性水平α=0.05的t检验,相关系数(R)依次为0.99、0.61、0.56、0.80和0.61.交通高峰时段(06:00~08:00)NOx和CO的周末浓度明显低于工作日浓度,该时段NOx和CO的周末浓度与工作日浓度的平均偏差分别为-28%和-9%.O3周末浓度与工作日浓度的回归系数为1.25±0.02.此外,周末O3的最大小时浓度值与最大8 h平均浓度值分别比工作日高23%和26%,表现出十分明显的"周末效应".