低碳理念融入房地产开发项目环境影响评价的探讨

我国房地产业蓬勃发展,建筑能耗增长迅速,环境影响评价作为我国重要的环境管理强制手段,可考虑在已有的评价体系中加入低碳指标应用于房地产开发项目环境影响评价中。本文首先从理论上探讨低碳融入房地产开发项目环评的可行性及必要性的基础,进而参考借鉴国内外研究构建包含生态质量、建筑质量、过程质量和社会综合质量四部分的房地产开发项目低碳环评指标体系,并基于环评的三大主体对房地产低碳环评实施推广途径进行研究。     

环境监测与环境影响评价关系研究

针对浅论环境监测与环境影响评价的关系问题,介绍了环境监测与环境影响评价内容及职能,如环境监测的数据和环境影响评价的内容,探讨了环境监测与环境影响评价的关系,环境监测是环境影响评价的基础、环境监测在环境评价中的监督功能、环境监测贯穿于整个环境评价体系,提出了环境监测中存在的问题,环境监测规范化管理问题、认识程度问题和技术手段问题,提出了提高环境监测中的建议,规范化管理措施、认识程度和技术手段问题。     

浅析环境影响评价体系在环境与发展综合决策中的功能

本文阐述了环境与发展综合决策机制的内涵,从环境与经济复合系统的角度提出了环境影响评价体系的内涵和结构,在此基础上分析了环境影响评价体系在综合决策中的重要作用和实施途径。     

规划环境影响评价有效性探讨

以规划环境影响评价有效性为研究对象,从规划体系复杂性、评价重点识别、理论与技术支持不够等方面分析了影响规划环境影响评价的内在制约因素;从经济、法律、行政管理、文化等方面分析了影响规划环境影响评价的外在制约因素;并从对象、过程、内容、监督和资源支持5个方面探讨了在规划环境影响评价实施全过程中提高有效性的方式和方法。     

环境影响评价基础数据库标准规范体系研究

环境影响评价基础数据库是对环境影响评价的重要资源信息支撑,其自身的标准化水平直接关系到环境影响评价基础数据的持续积累、开发利用和共享服务,当前迫切需要建立其标准规范体系。本文分析了环境影响评价基础数据库标准规范在环境标准中的定位和业务需求,基于对国内外相关资源信息标准体系对比分析,提出了包括三类标准的体系结构,即指导标准、通用标准和专用标准。借鉴开放地理空间联盟(OGC)参考模型的企业视角,设计了环境影响评价基础数据库标准规范体系框架,具体包括4项指导标准、涵盖6类标准子项的30项通用标准和若干专用标准。基于已有实践经验,提出了标准规范制定的4条基本原则。     

环境监测在环境影响评价中的重要作用

环境监测作为环境影响评价的技术基础,始终贯穿在环境影响评价的整个体系之中,对环境的监督和保护具有十分重要的意义.文章主要分析环境监测在环境影响评价中的作用,具体表现在：一环境监测作为环境影响评价的基础环节,是环境影响评价的主线;二环境监测可以为环境影响评价提供监督;三环境监测可以为环境影响评价提供数据上的支持.     

分期建设排污单位排污权核定办法实证探析——以燃煤发电企业为例

排污权核定是排污权有偿使用和交易工作的基础,试点期间全国各省都在摸索切实可行的核定办法。福建省以绩效排放量与环境影响评价批复排放量比较后取小值为初始排污权核定的基本原则,形成了一套较完善的核定体系。对于拥有多期环评的排污单位,排放权核算方法存在争议。一种方法将各期环评批复量叠加后与全厂绩效排放量作对比,另一种方法则将各期环评批复量分别与各期绩效排放量对比,以各期初始排污权相加来计算全厂初始排污权。经本实例分析,认为后者更加合理。     

论可持续发展与水资源工程环境影响评价

本文在分析传统水资源工程环境影响评价固有模式及存在问题的基础上,对水资源工程环境影响评价赋予了可持续性的内涵,并对其理论和方法进行了新的探索,建立了一套适应我国国情的基于可持续发展的水资源工程环境影响评价模式体系。其内容包括可持续发展的水资源工程环境影响评价理论基础、评价内容、评价方法、评价指标体系及评价准则和工作程序     

浅谈环境影响评价中的环境监测

当前,我国正处于经济建设的高速发展时期,环境保护工作的发展面临着前所未有的机遇和挑战。环境监测作为环境保护管理中的最重要手段,贯穿于环境影响评价的全过程,其监测数据反映了环境质量状况和污染物排放情况,是环境污染预测的基础,是实施总量控制必不可少的手段,在环境影响评价体系中有着重要的作用。     

谈环境影响评价中的环境监测

当前,我国正处于经济建设的高速发展时期,环境保护工作的发展面临着前所未有的机遇和挑战。环境监测作为环境保护管理中的最重要手段,贯穿于环境影响评价的全过程,其监测数据反映了环境质量状况和污染物排放情况,是环境污染预测的基础,是实施总量控制必不可少的手段,在环境影响评价体系中有着重要的作用。     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Degradation of metabolites accumulated of benzo[a]pyrene by coupling Penicillium Chrysogenum with KMnO4

Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone （BP 1,6- quinone）, trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene （BP 7,8-diol）, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene （3-OHBP）, were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that （1） the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; （2） the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; （3） the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% （w/v）, concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites.     

Impact of atrazine and nitrogen fertilizers on the sorption of chlorotoluron in soil and model sorbents

Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

Potential of plant polyphenol oxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile and non-textile dyes

In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato （Solanum tuberosum） and brinjal （Solanum melongena）, for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.     

Removal of heavy metals from sewage sludge by low costing chemical method and recycling in agriculture

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