共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 906 毫秒
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Fanling Meng Yunxue Xia Jianshuai Zhang Dong Qiu Yaozhu Chu Yuanyuan Tang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(6):116
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SO2-4/TiO2对SO2-C7H16-TiO2复相光化学反应的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《环境化学》2003,22(5):450-453
研究了TiO2与SO2,C7H16复相光化学反应的光催化活性.在SO2-C7H16-O2-TiO2光催化反应过程中,TiO2表面可形成SO2-4/TiO2结构,它的存在可提高庚烷的光催化氧化速率,利用IR和XPS研究了反应过程中TiO2表面形成的SO2-4/TiO2结构. 相似文献
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Pan Gao Yuan Song Shaoning Wang Claude Descorme Shaoxia Yang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2018,12(1):8
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Lei ZHENG Wei WANG Wei QIAO Yunchun SHI Xiao LIU 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2015,9(4):642
The present research explored the application of geopolymerization for the immobilization and solidification of heavy metal added into metakaolinte. The compressive strength of geopolymers was controlled by the dosage of heavy metal cations, and geopolymers have a toleration limit for heavy metals. The influence of alkaline activator dosage and type on the heavy metal ion immobilization efficiency of metakaolinte-based geopolymer was investigated. A geopolymer with the highest heavy metal immobilization efficiency was identified to occur at an intermediate Na2SiO3 dosage and the metal immobilization efficiency showed an orderly increase with the increasing Na+ dosage. Geopolymers with and without heavy metals were analyzed by the X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. No crystalline phase containing heavy metals was detected in geopolymers with heavy metal, suggesting that the crystalline phase containing heavy metals is not produced or most of the phases incorporating heavy metals are amorphous. FTIR spectroscopy showed that, with increasing heavy metal addition, an increase in N O 3 - peak intensity was observed, which was accompanied by a decrease in the C O 3 2 - peak. 相似文献
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Lina Gan Kezhi Li Hejingying Niu Yue Peng Jianjun Chen Yuandong Huang Junhua Li 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(4):70
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本研究以硝酸铈、硝酸锆为原料使用溶剂热合成法,制备了CeO2-ZrO2纳米棒催化剂(Ce0.7Zr0.3O2(NR)),并用于柴油车尾气碳颗粒催化净化.催化活性检测证实:Ce0.7Zr0.3O2(NR)纳米棒催化剂可有效净化柴油车尾气碳烟颗粒.在Ce0.7Zr0.3O2(NR)存在下,碳颗粒净化率为10%、50%和90%时,所需温度分别仅为375℃、414℃和455℃,比商用Ce0.7Zr0.3O2和Ce0.3Zr0.7O2催化剂性能更优.采用氮吸附-脱附、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等技术对催化剂进行表征.XRD和Raman结果证实,Ce0.7Zr0.3O2(NR)主要由立方相CeO2构成,并掺杂了少量四方相氧化锆.SEM和TEM结果则显示,Ce0.7Zr0.3O2(NR)催化剂颗粒明显由纳米棒堆积而成,特定的纳米形貌会影响其对碳颗粒的催化氧化活性.XPS结果证明Ce0.7Zr0.3O2(NR)催化剂主要具有晶格氧、化学氧和表面吸附氧等氧物种;晶格氧是碳颗粒氧化的活性氧物种,其溢流到催化剂表面可与碳颗粒接触从而提高反应活性;化学氧和表面吸附氧均为表面氧物种,极易与表面固体碳颗粒直接接触,从而可在较低温度下促进碳颗粒的净化.H2-TPR结果进一步证实了XPS结果,Ce0.7Zr0.3O2(NR)催化剂的低温还原温度比商用Ce0.7Zr0.3O2催化剂更低,且含有更多的易还原氧物种,这些低温易还原氧物种可以在较低温度下参与催化反应,促进柴油车尾气颗粒物的低温催化净化. 相似文献
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Zihao Li Yang Geng Lei Ma Xiaoyin Chen Junhua Li Huazhen Chang Johannes W. Schwank 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2020,14(4):65
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为探究重金属复合污染对轮虫的毒性影响,以萼花臂尾轮虫为受试动物,选择Cu~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Cd~(2+)、Cr6+和Mn~(2+)等5种重金属,采用水生毒理联合效应相加指数法开展了其24 h联合急性毒性作用的评价研究。结果显示,Cu~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Cd~(2+)、Cr6+和Mn~(2+)等5种重金属对萼花臂尾轮虫24 h半数致死浓度分别为:0.00616 mg·L~(-1),12.62 mg·L-1,2.89 mg·L-1,17.29 mg·L-1和67.32 mg·L-1。联合急性毒性实验结果显示,等毒性配比的Cu~(2+)-Cr6+(0.00385-10.806 mg·L-1)和等浓度配比的Cu~(2+)-Zn~(2+)(0.0199-0.0199 mg·L-1)、Cu~(2+)-Cd~(2+)(0.0181-0.0181 mg·L-1)、Cu~(2+)-Cr6+(0.0118-0.0118 mg·L~(-1))、Zn~(2+)-Cd~(2+)(3.475-3.475 mg·L-1)二元联合测试液的作用结果显示为拮抗效应,其余二元联合测试液的作用结果则均显示是协同效应。等毒性配比的Cu~(2+)-Cr~(6+)-Mn~(2+)(0.00210-5.902-22.981 mg·L-1)和等浓度配比的Cu~(2+)-Cd~(2+)-Mn~(2+)(0.00727-0.00727-0.00727 mg·L-1)三元联合测试液的作用结果显示为拮抗效应,其余三元联合测试液的作用结果则均显示是协同效应。等浓度配比的Cu~(2+)-Zn~(2+)-Cd~(2+)-Cr6+(0.00907-0.00907-0.00907-0.00907 mg·L-1)、Cu~(2+)-Zn~(2+)-Cd~(2+)-Mn~(2+)(0.00898-0.00898-0.00898-0.00898 mg·L~(-1))、Cu~(2+)-Zn~(2+)-Cr6+-Mn~(2+)(0.00819-0.00819-0.00819-0.00819 mg·L~(-1))四元联合测试液的作用结果显示为拮抗效应,其余四元联合测试液的作用结果的则均显示是协同效应。Cu~(2+)-Zn~(2+)-Cd~(2+)-Cr~(6+)-Mn~(2+)等毒性(0.00074-1.520-0.348-2.082-8.107 mg·L~(-1))和等浓度(0.00582-0.00582-0.00582-0.00582-0.00582 mg·L-1)配比的五元联合测试液作用结果均显示是协同效应。 相似文献
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Ping He Guangxue Wu Rui Tang Peilun Ji Shoujun Yuan Wei Wang Zhenhu Hu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2018,12(2):9
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Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios (13C/12C and 15N/14N) of primary producers and consumers were investigated seasonally throughout 1999, in order to describe the food web in a western Mediterranean coastal lagoon (Lake of Sabaudia, central Italy). Particulate organic matter and algal material (seagrass epiphytes and macroalgae) seem to constitute the main food sources for primary consumers (zooplankton and small benthic invertebrates, respectively) throughout the sampling year, while the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa appears to play a negligible trophic role. As regards the ichthyofauna, carbon stable isotopes differentiated between planktivore and benthivore fish species. However, a benthic-pelagic coupling seems to occur, with some fish of higher trophic levels feeding both on benthic and pelagic materials. Analysis of variance showed that the interaction between the three main factors (species2size2season) significantly affects the isotopic composition of fish, suggesting the presence of intra- and inter-specific resource partitioning. Wide seasonal variations in the isotopic composition were observed in organic matter sources, invertebrates and fish, with a general trend towards depleted values in winter and enriched values in summer. The winter depletion of organic matter sources may be due to several environmental factors and seems to be mirrored in the upper trophic levels. Primary producers and invertebrates are known to have shorter time-integrated isotopic signatures than vertebrates, yet fish also exhibited seasonal isotopic differences. We concluded that the examined fish species can assume a new muscle isotopic signature relatively quickly in response to changes in the isotopic composition of their diet and/or diet shifts. 相似文献
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固定化微生物对养殖水体中NH4^+—N和NO2^——N转化作用 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
采用聚乙烯醇(PVA)(ρ=gL^-1)的方法对沼泽红假单胞菌、诺卡氏菌和假丝酵母3种菌株进行固定化,所得的凝胶颗粒机械强度好,经久耐用,运用这3种菌株的固定化细胞对养殖水体中NH4^ -N和NO2^--N进行转化,其最适作用温度范围为25-30℃,最适pH范围分别为:6.5-8.5,7.0-7.5及5.5-7.0,且对水质初始氮浓度有很强的适应性,3菌株经固定化后,其对养殖水体中NH4^ -NT和NO2^--N的转化效率明显优于其游离细胞,若将3菌株按2:1:2组合成复合菌株并固定化,其以养殖水体中的NH4^ -N和NO2^--N论效果将更佳。 相似文献
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磷酸活化活性炭对Cu2+的吸附特征研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
寻求廉价而高效的吸附材料为目的,研究向日葵秸杆基活性炭对铜离子的吸附性能。以向日葵秸秆为原料,经H3PO4活化制备活性炭,通过静态实验研究了其对水溶液中Cu2+的吸附特性,考察了溶液pH值、吸附温度和离子强度对吸附的影响,探讨了吸附热力学、动力学和吸附机理。结果表明:溶液pH值为5~6时活性炭对Cu2+的去除效果最好;向50 mL 170 mg·L-1的溶液中加入0.5 g活性炭,温度为45℃、吸附时间为1 h时,对Cu2+的去除率可达98.3%;Langmuir方程能更好地描述Cu2+在活性炭上的等温吸附特征,静态吸附容量可达41.03 mg·g-1;吸附过程符合拟二级动力学过程,且为吸热的化学吸附过程,膜扩散为速率控制步骤,离子交换可能在吸附过程中起了重要作用。 相似文献
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尿素固相反应得到石墨相氮化碳(g-C3N4),石墨(G)被氧化制得氧化石墨(GO),GO被还原制得石墨烯(RGO),通过3种复合方法分别制得g-C3N4/RGO材料.通过对污染物亚甲基蓝、罗丹明B和甲基橙的降解,考察了g-C3N4与GO不同复合比9.7:1、9.3:1、9:1、8:1和6.7:1对光催化剂g-C3N4/RGO光催化性能的影响.同时考察了复合物对污染物的选择性降解.用X-射线衍射谱(XRD)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)对催化剂的结构性质进行了表征.结果表明,g-C3N4与GO混合-水合肼还原-高温固相反应法制备的g-C3N4/RGO,时间最短,产量较高,对罗丹明B的降解效果最佳,说明该方法较好.另外,当g-C3N4与GO的质量比为9.7:1时,制备的g-C3N4/RGO降解效果最佳.还有,该复合材料对亚甲基蓝的降解效果最佳,罗丹明B次之,甲基橙最差.机理研究结果表明超氧自由基在光催化过程中起主导作用,羟基自由基起次要作用. 相似文献
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Tao Yan Qianqian Yang Rui Feng Xiang Ren Yanxia Zhao Meng Sun Liangguo Yan Qin Wei 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(10):131
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Liu YANG Ye WU Jiaqi LI Shaojie SONG Xuan ZHENG Jiming HAO 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2015,9(4):675
Mass concentrations of PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 were measured near major roads in Beijing during six periods: summer and winter of 2001, winter of 2007, and periods before, during and after the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. Since the control efforts for motor vehicles helped offset the increase of emissions from the rapid growth of vehicles, the averaged PM2.5 concentrations at roadsides during the sampling period between 2001 and 2008 fluctuated over a relatively small range. With the implementation of temporary traffic control measures during the Olympics, a clear “V” shaped curve showing the concentrations of particulate matter and other gaseous air pollutants at roadsides over time was identified. The average concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, CO and NO decreased by 31.2%, 46.3%, 32.3% and 35.4%, respectively, from June to August; this was followed by a rebound of all air pollutants in December 2008. Daily PM10 concentrations near major roads exceeded the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (Grade II) for 61.2% of the days in the non-Olympic periods, while only for 12.5% during the Olympics. The mean ratio of PM2.5/PM10 near major roads remained relatively stable at 0.55 (±0.108) on non-Olympic days. The ratio decreased to 0.48 (±0.099) during the Olympics due to a greater decline in fine particles than in coarse-mode PM. The ratios PM1/PM2.5 fluctuated over a wide range and were statistically different from each other during the sampling periods. The average ratios of PM1/PM2.5 on non-Olympic days were 0.71. 相似文献
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Jianbing WANG Guoqing WANG Chunli YANG Shaoxia YANG Qing HUANG 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2015,9(4):615
This research investigates the performances of RuO2/ZrO2-CeO2 in catalytic ozonation for water treatment. The results show that RuO2/ZrO2-CeO2 was active for the catalytic ozonation of oxalic acid and possessed higher stability than RuO2/Al2O3 and Ru/AC. In the catalytic ozonation of dimethyl phthalate (DMP), RuO2/ZrO2-CeO2 did not enhance the DMP degradation rate but significantly improved the total organic carbon (TOC) removal rate. The TOC removal in catalytic ozonation was 56% more than that in noncatalytic ozonation. However this does not mean the catalyst was very active because the contribution of catalysis to the overall TOC removal was only 30%. The adsorption of the intermediates on RuO2/ZrO2-CeO2 played an important role on the overall TOC removal while the adsorption of DMP on it was negligible. This adsorption difference was due to their different ozonation rates. In the catalytic ozonation of disinfection byproduct precursors with RuO2/ZrO2-CeO2, the reductions of the haloacetic acid and trihalomethane formation potentials (HAAFPs and THMFPs) for the natural water samples were 38%–57% and 50%–64%, respectively. The catalyst significantly promoted the reduction of HAAFPs but insignificantly improved the reduction of THMFPs as ozone reacts fast with the THMs precursors. These results illustrate the good promise of RuO2/ZrO2-CeO2 in catalytic ozonation for water treatment. 相似文献
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六铝酸盐负载CuO催化还原NO性能 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用共沉淀法制备了LaAl12O19六铝酸盐载体,采用等体积浸渍法制备了不同负载量的CuO/LaAl12O19催化剂,并对其进行了XRD、H2-TPR和BET表征,考察了催化剂对CH4选择催化还原NO的性能.结果表明,CuO的负载并未改变六铝酸盐载体的结构,Cu在载体上以Cu2+的形式存在,活性组分CuO与载体LaAl12O19之间存在协同作用;CuO/LaAl12O19催化剂对CH4选择催化还原NO表现出良好活性,所制备的催化剂均能使NO的转化率达到99%;其中负载量为1.0 wt%的CuO/LaAl12O19催化剂的活性最好,完全反应温度T99%为560℃,且在80 h稳定性试验中表现出了良好的高温活性和热稳定性. 相似文献