湿法脱硫吸收塔在线监测系统常见问题及解决办法

在线监测装置是运行人员的＂眼睛＂,能否正常运行,对整套脱硫系统的可靠、经济、甚至安全运行均有十分重要的影响。脱硫系统所属的关键在线监测装置包括压降测量装置、吸收塔浆液密度和液位测量装置、吸收塔浆液pH值测量装置,堵塞是三者所存在的共性问题,后两者还存在其他方面的常见问题,分析了某厂湿法脱硫吸收塔在线监测系统产生上述常见问题的原因,提出了相应的解决办法。     

锅炉原煤仓自燃预警与惰化防火装置

原煤仓存煤自燃是电站锅炉安全运行的重要隐患，长时间以来缺少有效监测和控制手段。通过PLC模块对原煤仓仓壁敏感区域进行连续测温，辅以CO传感器和烟气感应器信号联合判断自燃趋势，避免了人工测量判断的主观误差的弊端。监测信号达到阈值时，自动控制电磁阀喷CO2灭火，实现全过程自动监测和灭火。对于未发生自燃的原煤仓也可自动定期进行气体惰化防火，降低存煤自燃概率，提高了整个系统的安全性。     

300MW机组电袋复合除尘器的应用探讨

通过技术、经济比较，确定了宁夏大坝发电有限责任公司3号机组电除尘器改造为电袋复合除尘器的方案。改造后电袋除尘器各项指标均达到设计要求，保证300MW发电机组满负荷运行。     

烟气排放连续监测系统存在问题及建议

介绍了烟气排放连续监测系统（CEMS）中气态污染物监测子系统、烟尘监测子系统、烟气排放参数监测子系统的配置现状。针对现场CEMS的安装、运营、环保检查、质控比对监测中常见的问题,进行了研究与分析,对分析、校准、测量等关键单元进行了优化,提出了合理改进建议和对策。     

粉煤灰作衬砌材料的研究与应用

用不同掺量的HAS固化剂来固结粉煤灰、石屑及煤渣进行性能试验。试验结果表明：HAS固化粉煤灰是一种良好的衬砌防渗材料，若大规模应用于渠道防渗、大坝护坡等工程，必将会带来社会、经济和环境等多重效益。     

溢油监测技术在石油石化企业环境风险防控中的应用

针对石油石化企业的溢油风险,提出企业在厂区雨水系统、外排口、涉水生产设施、环境敏感受体、溢油事故应急处置5类场景下的溢油监测需求,总结了溢油监测技术的类型和特点,介绍了可见光、红外、紫外、荧光、高光谱、微波辐射、雷达、电磁能量吸收等溢油监测技术的应用现状和优缺点。提出:企业溢油监测系统可分为企业内部溢油风险分级管控监测、企业边界的溢油风险报警监测、敏感环境监视的风险预警监测、溢油事故应急救援的溢油处置监测4个层次的运行模式。     

环境中有机汞的监测

介绍了大气、水、沉积物、生物体等环境介中有机汞的监测方法，并对不同的监测方法进行了比较和评述。     

火电厂电缆安全状况调查

通过对30家火电厂92台机组电缆安全状况的调查,研究了火电厂电缆安全技术管理体系的建立和执行情况、电缆设备状况、电缆安全技术措施以及运行管理状况。指出火电厂电缆安全状况在安全管理体系不健全、电缆设备安全隐患较多、安全技术措施不到位且运行管理相对较为松懈等问题,加大了火电厂电缆事故发生机率。针对电缆安全技术现状和管理现状,提出了提高和改善火电厂电缆安全水平的技术和管理措施。     

脱硫设施远程监测技术研究

简述了脱硫设施现场监测数据、数据传输技术和远程监测技术,远程监测系统可以实现脱硫设施运行状况的远程实时监测。通过对监测数据历史趋势和统计结果进行分析,预防脱硫设施运行过程中存在隐患,提高脱硫设施运行的安全性和稳定性。     

三维荧光技术在水环境监测中的应用研究进展

介绍了三维荧光技术的测定原理、测定结果的表征方法和数据解析方法（峰值拾取法、荧光区域积分法和平行因子分析法）。讨论了三维荧光典型荧光峰与BOD₅、COD和TOC等水质指标的相关性,证明了三维荧光技术在水环境监测中的应用能力。综述了三维荧光技术在生活污水、工业废水和雨水等水环境监测中应用的研究进展,展望了其发展前景。     

基于环境安全的微电网技术研究

阐述了环境安全的概念及特征,探讨了我国能源利用给环境安全带来的影响。从环境安全的角度研究了微电网技术发展,重点探讨了微电网产生背景、定义演化过程和微电网发展优势。研究指出,微电网技术发展应尽快制定相关技术标准和实施方案,形成一个环境安全高效灵活的新系统。     

Model-based prediction of long-term leaching of contaminants from secondary materials in road constructions and noise protection dams

In this study, contaminant leaching from three different secondary materials (demolition waste, municipal solid waste incineration ash, and blast furnace slag) to groundwater is assessed by numerical modeling. Reactive transport simulations for a noise protection dam and a road dam (a typical German autobahn), in which secondary materials are reused as base layers, were performed to predict the breakthrough of a conservative tracer (i.e., a salt) and sorbing contaminants (e.g., PAHs like naphthalene and phenanthrene or heavy metals) at the groundwater table. The dam constructions have a composite architecture with soil covers in inclined layers and distinct contrasts in the unsaturated hydraulic properties of the used materials. Capillary barrier effects result in strong spatial variabilities of flow and transport velocities. Contaminant breakthrough curves at the groundwater table show significant tailing due to slow sorption kinetics and a wide distribution of travel times. While conservative tracer breakthrough depends primarily on subsoil hydraulic properties, equilibrium distribution coefficients and sorption kinetics represent additional controlling factors for contaminant spreading. Hence, the three secondary materials show pronounced differences in the temporal development of leached contaminant concentrations with consequences for breakthrough times and peak concentrations at the groundwater table. Significant concentration reductions due to dispersion occur only if the source concentrations decrease significantly prior to the arrival of the contaminant at the groundwater table. Biodegradation causes significant reduction of breakthrough concentrations only if flow velocities are low.     

Design of a model to assess the environmental risk of leachate dams

Leachate dams store very toxic liquids, leachate, that contain a large amount of pollutant substances. Most of them are located in gullies or ravines, so if a dam breaks, leachate would advance downstream provoking an important environmental impact. In order to assess this environmental risk, the following procedure has been established: firstly, rating curves have been set up which relate characteristics of the dam with the environmental risk, secondly, a weight has been assigned to each parameter, and thirdly, the environmental elements which could be affected by the leachate have been assessed. Relating the risk generated by the characteristics of the dam with the environmental elements located in the risk area, the environmental risk index of a leachate dam can be calculated. If the environmental risk index exceeds a certain value, then it is a dam with a high environmental risk. A high value can be due to low geotechnical stability, to very sensitive environmental elements, or both.     

Quaternized Chitosan for Ecological Treatment of Bauxite Mining Effluents

One of the major concerns of mining companies is the safety of their tailing dams. Among the cares required to operate such a dam, a proper treatment of the effluent composing its waste stands out, since that, waste must be treated before returned to the environment. In the process of bauxite beneficiation, the effluent level of turbidity is the discard parameter that deserves attention. In this work, quaternized chitosan (TMC_Cl^?) derivative with cationic charge was synthetized and investigated to be used as coagulant in bauxite treatment for tailing dam effluent. The chitosan (CHT) was quaternized by methylation reaction. The quaternized chitosan structure was characterized by the following techniques: FTIR Spectroscopy and ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Its thermal stability was analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis. After quaternized chitosan was obtained, analysis with aluminum sulfate, protonated and quaternized chitosan were executed in jar-test apparatus. The tests were conducted in order to find the optimum pH, velocity gradient, coagulant and alkalizer dosages, as well as coagulation, flocculation and decantation time. The studied coagulants showed good results and reduced the effluent turbidity to levels below determined by legislation. By comparing the coagulants, it was possible to state that quaternized chitosan presented higher reduction of effluent turbidity levels; the tests were performed in the same conditions.     

我国环境保护技术述评

介绍了我国对水污染、大气污染、固体废物污染及物理污染的控制技术及环境监测技术的发展水平，分析了我国环境保护技术存在的关键问题；并根据环境技术管理和环保产业发展的需求，提出了我国环境保护技术发展的近期目标和“十一五”期间的重点发展领域。     

智能电网与环境安全关系综述

智能电网技术可以将各种分布式再生能源迅速接入电网,对环境安全具有重要的促进作用。介绍了智能电网的发展现状及关键技术,从能源防御体系、土地利用和电力生产等方面对智能电网与环境安全之间的关系进行了分析。智能电网技术的兴起与发展可以真正做到减少碳的排放量,提高用电系统的抗击灾害能力,同时也可以有效的保护环境、集约利用土地。智能电网技术是将来电力环境安全体系中重要的组成环节。     

Dry Deposition Monitoring in Europe

Between 1993 and 1999 two EU funded projects wereexecuted aimed at (i) the development of drydeposition monitoring methods for core sites andlarge scale application, (ii) the installation andrunning of three core sites in Europe and (iii) the improvement and validation of models used forregional application. This article provides anoverview of the development of depositionmonitoring stations and the main results of thethree core sites, which were operated between1995 and 1998. Furthermore, the results of thedevelopment of a low cost monitoring system arepresented. Continuous measurements were made ofboth wet and dry deposition of sulphur andnitrogen components and base cations. The 4 yearsof data show a decrease in sulphur loads and notrend for the other components. It is shown thatthe surface affinities for sulphur depositionalso changed during the years, underpinning theneed for dry deposition monitoring. A conditionaltime average gradient system was successfullydeveloped and tested and provides a good meansfor low cost monitoring of dry deposition fluxes.The costs can be reduced by a factor of 3–4 without losing the accuracy of the annual average gas fluxes.     

中国食品工业可持续发展现状分析与对策——基于河南、四川、青海三省食品企业的调查

改革开放30多年来,中国的食品工业有突飞猛进的发展,食品企业的生产能力大幅提升,但中国食品工业仍然存在着诸如食品质量体系不健全、食品安全隐患大等问题.分析了我国食品工业可持续发展生产的背景,然后就河南、四川、青海三省的食品企业可持续发展生产状况做了问卷分析.根据问卷分析结果,从政府层面、企业层面、社会层面提出促进我国食品工业可持续发展的建议.     

Millville site multimedia remediation program

The Millville Remediation Program recently received the 1995 Honor Award for national excellence in environmental engineering from the prestigious American Academy of Environmental Engineers (AAEE). This article discusses various aspects employed to investigate and remediate multimedia contamination at the site and the unique applications of technologies which were responsible for receiving the AAEE honor award. Unique aspects of the project included utilization of variable speed drives to set individual pumping rates for each groundwater recovery well, development of sophisticated remote monitoring and operation capabilities which minimized O&M labor costs, and development of a groundwater treatment system which has consistently achieved nondetect effluent discharges. The remote monitoring and operation capabilities enables O&M staff to monitor and change setpoints for the groundwater recovery, treatment, and recharge systems.