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1 新疆荒漠植被的保护荒漠植被主要分布在准噶尔盆地和塔里木盆地新、老绿洲外围,是“三北”防护林体系的重要组成部分,对巩固和扩大绿洲发挥着重要的屏障作用。新疆荒漠植被资源贫乏。北疆以“梭梭荒漠”为主,准噶尔盆地梭梭荒漠的植物区系组成为184种,隶属116属29科。南疆的荒漠植被以分布在塔里木河(包括各支流)流域的胡杨、红柳为主。塔里木河中游荒漠植被的植物组成约68种,隶属25科。在新疆的荒漠植被中,能构成森林的主要有胡 相似文献
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干旱区荒漠植被的特点及恢复问题的研究--以塔里木河流域胡杨林生态系统为例 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
干旱区除存在唯一的真正森林-胡杨(Populuseuphratica)林外,植被普遍极其稀疏,以降水稀少,蒸发显著为特点的干旱区,荒漠植被的存在对于生态环境的保护和良性发展起到极大的作用,干旱区的荒漠植被表现出特有的生理特征,本文研究塔里木河流域胡杨林的特征及对生态环境的适应规律,进一步提出了扩展荒漠植被的可能性及其措施。 相似文献
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从保护荒漠类草地生态系统、科学研究、生产利用的意义出发,在调查基础上综述了“新疆荒漠类草地自然保护区”植物区系基本特征和草地类型特点。保护区境内包括有湿性荒漠类草地及低平地草甸草地二个大类,含四个亚类七个草地型。描述了各型草地分布、生产力。 相似文献
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浅论沙湾县荒漠生态区荒漠植被的保护与开发利用 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
沙湾县是以农业生产力支柱产业的地处准噶尔盆地南缘的半干旱荒漠内陆区域,区域内荒漠植物被较脆弱,随着经济与人口的快速增长及农、林、牧业的大发展、如何保护县域内荒漠生态区荒漠植被,更好的开发和利用这种资源、将是一个十分重要的研究课题。 相似文献
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本文从荒漠区的植被现状及荒漠植物对生存环境的适应规律等方面探讨了荒漠区植被扩展的可能性,并进一步提出了扩展荒漠植被的对策;①充分认识荒漠植物对环境的适应规律;②合理利用水资源;③利用或改造微地形;④注意土层给合。 相似文献
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拟就当前荒漠生态系统现状,以植被的自然发生迁移规律为基础,初步探讨濒临解体的荒漠生态系统的复原机制,并提出生态复原应与当地居民生产、生活的适应性相协调,用生态学的一般原理、方法,最大程度将居民生态消费与生态建设的矛盾相协调,从而把荒漠生态系统的复原、利用、保护三者有机地结合成一个整体。 相似文献
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青西油田地处西北戈壁,严重缺水,地表为沙土、砾石覆盖。受干旱少雨气候的影响,植被稀疏而极不发育,盖度仅约为10%。文章针对青西油田石油勘探、开发及建设对环境的影响进行了分析,重点探讨了影响油田地下水环境安全的主要环境风险,并从实行地下水保护区管理、用水收费制度、推行清洁生产工艺等方面,做出了相应的地下水保护措施。 相似文献
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低山丘陵区风力发电场项目建设对生态的破坏日益明显,开展风电场施工期环境监理具有重要意义。通过对低山丘陵区风电项目施工期环境监理经验的总结,阐述了铁岭市风电场生态恢复的现状及开展生态恢复环境监理的重要作用,并对施工期的合理安排、原生植被的保护与利用、监理关键技术及环境监理人员的素质要求等相关生态恢复环境监理问题进行了探讨。 相似文献
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Fearnside PM 《Environmental management》2001,27(3):377-396
Brazil's Tucuruí Dam provides valuable lessons for improving decision-making on major public works in Amazonia and elsewhere.
Together with social impacts, which were reviewed in a companion paper, the project's environmental costs are substantial.
Monetary costs include costs of construction and maintenance and opportunity costs of natural resources (such as timber) and
of the money invested by the Brazilian government. Environmental costs include forest loss, leading to both loss of natural
ecosystems and to greenhouse gas emissions. Aquatic ecosystems are heavily affected by the blockage of fish migration and
by creation of anoxic environments. Decay of vegetation left in the reservoir creates anoxic water that can corrode turbines,
as well as producing methane and providing conditions for methylation of mercury. Defoliants were considered for removing
forest in the submergence area but plans were aborted amid a public controversy. Another controversy surrounded impacts of
defoliants used to prevent regrowth along the transmission line. Mitigation measures included archaeological and faunal salvage
and creation of a “gene bank” on an island in the reservoir. Decision-making in the case of Tucuruí was virtually uninfluenced
by environmental studies, which were done concurrently with construction. The dam predates Brazil's 1986 requirement of an
Environmental Impact Assessment. Despite limitations, research results provide valuable information for future dams. Extensive
public-relations use of the research effort and of mitigation measures such as faunal salvage were evident. Decision-making
was closely linked to the influence of construction firms, the military, and foreign financial interests in both the construction
project and the use of the resulting electrical power (most of which is used for aluminum smelting). Social and environmental
costs received virtually no consideration when decisions were made, an outcome facilitated by a curtain of secrecy surrounding
many aspects of the project. Despite improvements in Brazil's system of environmental impact assessment since the Tucuruí
reservoir was filled in 1984, many essential features of the decision-making system remain unchanged. 相似文献
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浅谈新疆风电场水土保持措施配置——以新疆华电小草湖风电场二场一期工程为例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
风能作为一种清洁无污染的可再生能源,已经被广泛运用到电力事业的发展中来。近年来,新疆的风力发电发展迅速,风电场建设过程中不可避免地会对土壤及植被造成一定的破坏,人为地加剧了水土流失。概述了风电项目水土流失特点,以新疆华电小草湖风电场工程为例,结合项目区具体特点,分区设置防治措施。通过工程措施、植物措施与临时措施的有机结合,有效地防止水土流失。 相似文献
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土壤污染修复产业是环保产业新一轮发展的重点,其市场规模在未来可能是千亿级或万亿级。我国土壤污染修复产业发展面临要素支撑能力不强、配套基础条件薄弱和环境监管基础能力不足三大难题。需要从强化土壤污染修复人才的引进、储备和培养,以科技创新能力提升支撑土壤污染修复产业的发展,拓展投融资渠道、夯实土壤污染修复产业发展的资金保障三方面入手加强土壤污染修复产业的要素支撑能力建设;培育和壮大土壤污染修复产业集群,推进污染土壤污染修复环境管理与工程示范;完善土壤污染修复产业配套基础条件;加强环境监管能力建设,完善土壤环境管理体系,提升项目管理水平。 相似文献
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The effects of off-road vehicles (ORVs) on the dune system of Fire Island National Seashore, New York, USA, were examined through a detailed, two-year field study. The experimental approach was adopted in order to evaluate the environmental effects of ORVs in this zone. Adjacent control and impact sites were established in two locations. Vehicle impacts were applied at the equivalent rate of one vehicle pass per week. Monitoring of foredune vegetation through sequential quadrat surveys and construction of sea-ward limit maps showed a significant loss of vegetation resulting from ORV impacting. Loss of vegetation resulted in an alteration of the natural foredune profile, which could increase dune erosion during storm wave attack. 相似文献