Removal of phosphate by Fe-coordinated amino-functionalized 3D mesoporous silicates hybrid materials

Phosphate removal from aqueous waste streams is an important approach to control the eutrophication downstream bodies of water. A Fe(III) coordinated amino-functionalized silicate adsorbent for phosphate adsorption was synthesized by a post-grafting and metal cation incorporation process. The surface structure of the adsorbent was characterized by X-ray di raction, N2 adsoropion/desoprotion technique, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The experimental results showed that the adsorption equilibrium data were well fitted to the Langmuir equation. The maximum adsorption capacity of the modified silicate material was 51.8 mg/g. The kinetic data from the adsorption of phosphate were fitted to pseudo second-order model. The phosphate adsorption was highly pH dependent and the relatively high removal of phosphate fell within the pH range 3.0–6.0. The coexistence of other anions in solutions has an adverse e ect on phosphate adsorption; a decrease in adsorption capacity followed the order of exogenous anions: F?? > SO2?? 4 > NO??3 > Cl??. In addition, the adsorbed phosphate could be desorbed by NaOH solutions. This silicate adsorbent with a large adsorption capacity and relatively high selectivity could be utilized for the removal of phosphate from aqueous waste streams or in aquatic environment.     

Fe3O4/BC复合材料的制备及其吸附除磷性能

为解决磁性吸附剂Fe₃O₄不稳定、易在水中团聚以及吸附效率较低的问题,以BC（生物炭）为载体,采用化学共沉淀法制备了Fe₃O₄/BC（生物炭负载的纳米四氧化三铁）复合材料,并将其应用于水体中PO₄3--P的吸附去除;探究了Fe₃O₄/BC对水中PO₄3--P的吸附-解析性能,考察了纳米Fe₃O₄负载比例、吸附体系pH和初始ρ（PO₄3--P）等因素对Fe₃O₄/BC吸附PO₄3--P效率的影响,并考察了吸附机制.结果表明:所制备的Fe₃O₄纳米颗粒呈球形,均匀散布在生物炭表面;Fe₃O₄/BC复合材料能高效吸附水中的PO₄3--P,在pH=3、温度为25℃、ρ（PO₄3--P）为50 mg/L、Fe₃O₄/BC投加量为400 mg（二者质量比为1:1）,吸附3 h达到平衡后,Fe₃O₄/BC吸附PO₄3--P效率达到92.14%. Fe₃O₄/BC复合材料吸附PO₄3--P的机制包括配位体交换和静电吸引,吸附过程较好地符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温吸附方程. Fe₃O₄/BC具有良好的解析性能,用c（NaOH）为2.0 mol/L的溶液对吸附PO₄3--P饱和后的Fe₃O₄/BC进行解析,解析效率达到80%.研究显示,Fe₃O₄/BC重复利用性好,在第4次利用后还能保持75%以上的吸附效率.      

D301树脂对水中氟虫腈的吸附去除研究

文章研究D301树脂对水溶液中氟虫腈的吸附行为,考察了吸附剂投加量和溶液pH值对吸附效果的影响,对吸附等温线和吸附动力学进行了探讨,并选择不同模型对吸附曲线进行拟合。结果表明,当氟虫腈溶液初始浓度为2 mg/L,吸附剂投加量为0.5 g/L时,氟虫腈的去除率达到100%;溶液pH值在3⁹范围内变化时,对吸附的影响较小,相对而言pH=7的吸附效果最好;D301树脂对氟虫腈的吸附等温线满足Langmuir吸附等温式和Freundlich吸附等温式,相关系数R2分别为0.994和0.991;吸附动力学符合Lagergren一级反应方程。总体来说,D301树脂对氟虫腈的吸附效果较好。     

零价纳米铁处理水中Cr(Ⅵ)的实验研究

采用NaBH4还原Fe3+制备纳米级零价铁(NZVI).运用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)对样品进行表征.以Cr(Ⅵ)为研究对象,批实验考察了初始浓度、纳米铁投加量、温度对去除效果的影响,研究NZVI对Cr(Ⅵ)离子的吸附动力学.结果表明,NZVI加入量0.15 gL,水体中20 mg/L的Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率...     

A laboratory scale study on arsenic（Ⅴ） removal from aqueous medium using calcined bauxite ore

The present work deals with the As（Ⅴ） removal from an aqueous medium by calcined refractory grade bauxite （CRB） as a function of solution pH, time, As（Ⅴ） concentration and temperature. The residual As（Ⅴ） was lowered from 2 mg/L to below 0.01 mg/L in the optimum pH range 4.0-7.0 using a 5 g/L CRB within 3 h contact time. The adsorption data fits well with Langmuir isotherm and yielded Langmuir monolayer capacity of 1.78 mg As（Ⅴ）/g of CRB at pH 7.0. Presence of anions such as silicate and phosphate decreased As（Ⅴ） adsorption efficiency. An increase temperature resulted a decrease in the amount of As（Ⅴ） adsorbed by 6%. The continuous fixed bed column study showed that at the adsorbent bed depth of 30 cm and residence time of 168 min, the CRB was capable of treating 340 bed volumes of As（V） spiked water （C0 = 2 mg/L） before breakthrough （Ce = 0.01 mg/L）. This solid adsorbent, although not reusable, can be considered for design of adsorption columns as an efficiency arsenic adsorption media.     

β-环糊精/环氧氯丙烷聚合物的制备及其对双酚S的吸附特性

BPS（双酚S）用途广泛,但存在水环境污染问题,容易引起类似于双酚A的雌激素反应,因此需要寻求高效的吸附剂从水溶液中将其脱除.在NaOH水溶液中,以环氧氯丙烷为交联剂,合成了β-CDP（β-环糊精/环氧氯丙烷聚合物）,用于吸附水溶液中的BPS.基于此,考察了吸附时间、pH、初始ρ（BPS）、β-CDP用量对吸附性能的影响以及β-CDP的再生性能,探讨了吸附动力学、等温吸附模型和吸附机理.结果表明:①在温度为298 K、pH为5.4、β-CDP用量为0.05 g、初始ρ（BPS）为100 mg/L、BPS溶液体积为50 mL、吸附时间为60 min的条件下,BPS吸附量为69.7 mg/g,吸附率为69.7%;②吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型,表明化学吸附为速率控制步骤;③Langmuir吸附等温模型的成功拟合表明,吸附BPS在β-CDP表面上形成了单分子层覆盖;④β-CDP吸附BPS为放热过程,低温有利于吸附的进行;⑤与初始吸附量（69.7 mg/g）相比,β-CDP连续再生6次,BPS吸附量仍可达68.1 mg/g;⑥吸附机理是通过BPS的羟基与β-CDP形成氢键作为推动力,并借助β-CD（β-环糊精）空腔内部的疏水作用,使得BPS进入空腔形成包结物.研究显示,β-CDP对水溶液中的BPS具有良好的吸附性能,再生循环使用稳定性高,具有较高的性价比.      

Sequestration of toxic Pb(Ⅱ) ions by chemically treated rubber(Hevea brasiliensis) leaf powder

Rubber leaf powder(an agricultural waste) was treated with potassium permanganate followed by sodium carbonate and its performance in the removal of Pb(Ⅱ) ions from aqueous solution was evaluated.The interactions between Pb(Ⅱ) ions and functional groups on the adsorbent surface were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR) spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy(SEM) coupled with X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDX).The effects of several important parameters which can affect adsorption capacity such as pH,adsorbent dosage,initial lead concentration and contact time were studied.The optimum pH range for lead adsorption was 4-5.Even at very low adsorbent dosage of 0.02 g,almost 100% of Pb(Ⅱ) ions(23 mg/L) could be removed.The adsorption capacity was also dependent on lead concentration and contact time,and relatively a short period of time(60-90 min) was required to reach equilibrium.The equilibrium data were analyzed with Langmuir,Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms.Based on Langmuir model,the maximum adsorption capacity of lead was 95.3 mg/g.Three kinetic models including pseudo first-order,pseudo second-order and Boyd were used to analyze the lead adsorption process,and the results showed that the pseudo second-order fitted well with correlation coefficients greater than 0.99.     

Sequestration of toxic Pb（II） ions by chemically treated rubber （Hevea brasiliensis ） leaf powder

Rubber leaf powder (an agricultural waste) was treated with potassium permanganate followed by sodium carbonate and its performance in the removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution was evaluated. The interactions between Pb(II) ions and functional groups on the adsorbent surface were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX). The effects of several important parameters which can affect adsorption capacity such as pH, adsorbent dosage, initial lead concentration and contact time were studied. The optimum pH range for lead adsorption was 4–5. Even at very low adsorbent dosage of 0.02 g, almost 100% of Pb(II) ions (23 mg/L) could be removed. The adsorption capacity was also dependent on lead concentration and contact time, and relatively a short period of time (60–90 min) was required to reach equilibrium. The equilibrium data were analyzed with Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms. Based on Langmuir model, the maximum adsorption capacity of lead was 95.3 mg/g. Three kinetic models including pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order and Boyd were used to analyze the lead adsorption process, and the results showed that the pseudo second-order fitted well with correlation coefficients greater than 0.99.     

多孔炭/硅胶复合吸附剂吸附除铬(Ⅵ)研究

用静态吸附法研究了吸附条件对多孔炭/硅胶复合吸附剂的吸附除铬(Ⅵ)性能的影响,这些条件包括接触时间、溶液pH值、吸附剂用量、初始溶液浓度和吸附温度等。结果表明多孔炭/硅胶是有效的吸附除铬(Ⅵ)材料,除铬(Ⅵ)过程强烈依赖于溶液pH值,优化的pH值为2.3,在此pH下有部分铬(Ⅵ)被还原。吸附剂用量、吸附温度、初始溶液浓度等也影响吸附过程。20h可以达到吸附平衡。吸附等温线可以用Langmuir方程描述。     

油菜秸杆外壳对水溶液中六价铬的吸附作用

为探讨油菜秸秆外壳去除水溶液中重金属铬的可能性及其影响因素,并研究其吸附性能和吸附机制.采用Box-Behnken Design实验设计研究了水溶液中六价铬[Cr(VI)]初始浓度、pH值范围、油菜秸秆外壳添加量和吸附温度4个因素对油菜秸秆外壳去除溶液中Cr(VI)的影响作用;用吸附等温方程、吸附动力学方程与热力学方程分别探讨了油菜秸秆外壳去除水溶液中Cr(VI)的行为;采用红外光谱技术对油菜秸秆外壳吸附水溶液Cr(VI)前后进行表征,探讨其吸附机制.油菜秸秆外壳去除溶液中Cr(VI)的最佳条件组合为:在吸附时间为1440min时,Cr(VI)初始浓度为99.15mg/L、pH值为1.01、油菜秸秆外壳添加量为2.90g/L和吸附温度35.70℃,Cr(VI)去除率为91.97%;吸附等温线拟合,吸附Cr(VI)行为符合Freundlich方程,为优惠吸附;热力学研究表明:溶液中Cr(VI)吸附属吸热反应,且为自发吸附行为;吸附动力学显示:油菜秸秆外壳去除溶液Cr(VI)符合准二阶动力学方程,吸附过程中存在离子交换;红外光谱提示:吸附过程中,O—H、C—H、NH3+、N—H和C—O基团与Cr(VI) 络合吸附发挥了重要作用.油菜秸秆外壳能够有效吸附水溶液中的Cr(VI),pH值是最为重要的影响因素.     

载钠硅碳羟基磷灰石的制备及其对水中As(Ⅴ)的吸附特性

由于自然和人为活动导致自然水体和土壤被As（砷）污染,严重危及生态环境并已受到广泛关注.为实现更大程度地去除含As废水的新型吸附材料,以废弃蛋壳为原材料,采用超声波法制备多孔状且较大比表面积的Na-Si-CHAP[Ca_10-xNa_x（PO₄）_6-y-z（SiO₄）_z（CO₃）_y（OH）_2-α,载钠硅碳羟基磷灰石],深入分析去除含As（Ⅴ）废水的吸附特性.通过BET比表面积、扫描电镜（SEM）、EDX（能量色散X射线光谱）、X-射线衍射（XRD）等手段对样品进行表征,并进一步探讨了pH、吸附时间、初始ρ[As（Ⅴ）]以及反应温度等因素对吸附效果的影响.结果表明:在pH为6.0、作用时间为60 min、反应温度为313 K等优化条件下,0.2 g Na-Si-CHAP对100 mL 30 mg/L含As（Ⅴ）废水的去除率和平衡吸附容量分别为96.53%和14.48 mg/g.Langmuir等温吸附模型较好地拟合了吸附试验数据,313 K下相关系数（r2）高达0.998 0,饱和吸附容量达46.73 mg/g,明显高于其他同类材料;准二级动力学模型可较好地描述该吸附行为,相关系数高达0.999 9;热力学参数△G（吉布斯自由能变）、△H（焓变）和△S（熵变）的计算值显示,该吸附过程为自发吸热过程.研究显示,Na-Si-CHAP作为一种吸附剂,对含As（Ⅴ）的去除效果明显优于同类材料.      

Synthesis and adsorption performance of lead ion-imprinted micro-beads with combination of two functional monomers

Synthesis and high adsorption and selectivity performance of lead ion-imprinted micro-beads with combination of two functional monomers.     

Removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution using red loess as an adsorbent

The adsorption behaviors of heavy metals onto novel low-cost adsorbent, red loess, were investigated. Red loess was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectra. The results indicated that red loess mainly consisted of silicate, ferric and aluminum oxides. Solution pH, adsorbent dosage, initial metal concentration, contact time and temperature significantly influenced the efficiency of heavy metals removal. The adsorption reached equilibrium at 4 hr, and the experimental equilibrium data were fitted to Langmuir monolayer adsorption model. The adsorption of Cu(II) and Zn(II) onto red loess was endothermic, while the adsorption of Pb(II) was exothermic. The maximum adsorption capacities of red loess for Pb(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) were estimated to be 113.6, 34.2 and 17.5 mg/g, respectively at 25°C and pH 6. The maximum removal efficiencies were 100% for Pb(II) at pH 7, 100% for Cu(II) at pH 8, and 80% for Zn(II) at pH 8. The used adsorbents were readily regenerated using dilute HC1 solution, indicating that red loess has a high reusability. All the above results demonstrated that red loess could be used as a possible alternative low-cost adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution.     

磁性氧化石墨烯制备及去除水中刚果红的研究

采用Hummer方法制备了氧化石墨烯(GO),采用化学共沉淀法把铁氧化物纳米粒子覆盖在GO上制成磁性氧化石墨烯(MGO),并把MGO用作吸附剂去除水中阴离子染料刚果红.采用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、Zeta电位仪和磁强计对MGO进行了表征.研究了吸附动力学,吸附等温线及初始pH值,离子强度对吸附的影响.考察了MGO对自来水中刚果红的去除效果.结果表明,GO具有片状的二维纳米结构,表面有许多的褶皱;当pH3.5,吸附剂表面带负电荷,等电点为3.5;MGO的饱和磁化强度为31.2emu/g,足够从水溶液中分离出来.刚果红的吸附符合准二级动力学模型,且在吸附时间为7h内基本达到吸附平衡.在超纯水中最大吸附容量高达140.6mg/g,且吸附量随pH值升高先增加再降低,当pH4~5达到最大值.MGO对自来水中刚果红的最大吸附容量为287.6 mg/g,为在超纯水中的2倍,表明MGO对刚果红具有很好的去除效果.     

笼芯陶黑碳微珠去除模拟废水中铬

将笼芯陶黑碳微珠用于水溶液中铬的吸附去除,探讨了溶液初始pH、初始浓度、吸附温度、吸附时间、竹炭添加量对铬去除的影响,分析了铬去除的等温过程、动力学和热力学。结果表明:较低的溶液初始pH、较高的吸附温度、较长的吸附时间和较大的笼芯陶黑碳微珠添加量有利于铬的吸附去除;铬的去除更符合D-R模型和准二级动力学模型,其饱和吸附量可达到30.62 mg/g;铬去除过程的控速步骤为液膜扩散和颗粒内扩散联合控制,但以液膜扩散为主导;笼芯陶黑碳微珠对铬的去除是自发的、吸热的、以化学吸附为主的过程。     

Removal of cadmium using MnO2 loaded D301 resin

MnO2 loaded weak basic anion exchange resin D301 （Anion exchange resin, macroreticular weak basic styrene） as adsorbent has been prepared and applied to the removal of cadmium. The adsorption characteristics have been investigated with respect to effect of pH, equilibrium isotherms, removal kinetic data, and interference of the coexisting ions. The results indicated that the Cd^2＋ could be efficiently removed using MnO2 loaded D301 resin in the pH range of 3-8 from aqueous solutions with the co-existence of high concentration of alkali and alkaline-earth metals ions. The saturate adsorption capacity of the Cd^2＋ was 77.88 mg/g. The adsorption process followed the pseudo first-order kinetics. The equilibrium data obtained in this study accorded excellently with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.     

Fe3O4/GO对水溶液中Cd(II)去除的影响因素

为探索高效且快速去除水溶液中Cd （Ⅱ）污染方法,采用自制磁性四氧化三铁负载氧化石墨烯（Fe₃O₄/GO）纳米复合材料对水溶液中Cd （Ⅱ）进行去除,利用单因素实验确定影响因素水平范围（初始Cd （Ⅱ）浓度、温度、反应时间、初始pH值）,并采用响应面法（RSM）及人工神经网络-遗传算法（ANN-GA）对去除水溶液中Cd （Ⅱ）的影响因素（4因素3水平）进行优化,利用等温吸附、动力学及热力学参数研究吸附剂性能.通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射仪及超导量子干涉器件（SQUID）对复合材料表征.结果表明,平均粒径为30.9nm的磁性Fe₃O₄/GO纳米复合材料被成功制备.RSM用于磁性Fe₃O₄/GO纳米复合材料对水溶液中Cd （Ⅱ）去除条件优化,预测去除率达到86.451%,验证试验为82.220%,对应条件：温度为20.14℃,反应时间为57.78min,初始pH值为6.41和初始Cd （Ⅱ）浓度为11.18mg/L; ANN-GA优化条件后的预测去除率为89.722%,验证试验为87.723%,相应条件：温度为29.96℃,pH值为5.49,初始Cd （Ⅱ）浓度为28.36mg/L,反应时间为65.78min.根据模型R²值,预测的最大去除率及验证试验,ANN-GA模型性能及预测能力均高于RSM.RSM方差分析表明4个因素对磁性Fe₃O₄/GO纳米复合材料去除水溶液中Cd （Ⅱ）的影响大小为：初始Cd （Ⅱ）浓度>温度>反应时间>pH值.吸附机理分析结果显示,Fe₃O₄/GO纳米复合材料对Cd （Ⅱ）吸附过程同时存在着物理吸附和化学吸附.结合ANN-GA优化,利用磁铁实现且快速分离,磁性Fe₃O₄/GO纳米复合材料用于去除Cd （Ⅱ）是可行的.关键字：Cd （Ⅱ）;四氧化三铁负载氧化石墨烯;单因素实验;响应面法;人工神经网络-遗传算法中图分类号：X53     

Adsorption/desorption behavior between a novel amphoteric granular lignin adsorbent and reactive red K-3B in aqueous solutions

A novel amphoteric granular lignin adsorbent(AGLA) was prepared using magnesium lignosulfonate as a raw material which was provided by a straw sulfite pulp mill in Guangdong Province, China. A reactive dye(red K-3B) was used as an adsorbate to investigate the adsorption behavior by static and mobile ways. The removal of reactive red K-3B was found to be initially pH and concentration dependent.Moreover, an increase of solution temperature ranging from 5℃ to 60℃ helped to enhance the rate of intraparticle diffusion of adsorbate and changes in the size of the pores of the adsorbent and thus to reduce the adsorption time. The total breakthrough adsorption capacity was 531 mg/g, and the saturated adsorption capacity was 560 mg/g, which prevailed over the activated carbons evidently. The reactive red K-3B adsorbed on AGLA could be recovered with a mixture of alcohol, NaCI and HCI aqueous solutions. The recovery percentage could reach 92.4%.     

改性壳聚糖季铵盐的研制及其对高氯酸盐的吸附研究

通过将壳聚糖季铵盐改性以实现固定化,并用于水体中ClO 4-的吸附去除,研究了改性过程相关工艺参数对产物吸附能力的影响,考察了产物的吸附和再生性能.结果表明,戊二醛的交联性能优于甲醛和环氧氯丙烷的交联性能,戊二醛的最佳投加量为6.82%,最佳的反应温度为45℃,pH值在3～12之间交联反应均能很好地进行,从而实现壳聚糖...     

用稻米壳吸附去除废水中的铜离子和铅离子

稻壳是一种廉价的生物质吸附剂,用于从废水中去除铜、铅离子。研究了吸附时间、pH值、加入量与粒径、金属离子初始浓度等因素对吸附去除水中铜、铅离子的影响。实验结果表明：在最佳吸附条件下,稻壳对初始浓度为4mg/L铜离子、10m班铅离子的吸附量分别为0．62和2．09mg／g,去除率分别为63％和83％。同时,Cu^2＋和Pb^2＋在天然稻壳上吸附的热力学行为与Langmuir吸附等温式吻;动力学数据研究表明,吸附满足;隹二级动力学模型。稻壳将是去除废水中Cu^＋和Pb^2＋有潜质的材料。