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采用单因子评价法、水质类别比例法、平均综合污染指数法、SPSS统计和相关性分析方法,调查分析绛溪河简阳段水环境特征,提出污染防治建议。本次调查结果表明:(1)监测断面氨氮、总磷、化学需氧量达到Ⅲ类水质标准的比例分别为72.2%、11.1%、22.2%,污染最重的因子是总磷;(2)部分断面指标不能完全达标,从上游至下游水质变差;(3)支流海螺河、赤水河对干流污染贡献大;(4)平均综合污染指数与总磷的相关性高于氨氮、化学需氧量,河流污染受磷元素影响最为显著;(5)氨氮与总磷显著相关,河流氨氮、总磷同源性较好。 相似文献
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通过对京杭运河苏州段经过的行政区的重点监控企业和污水处理厂的污染物排放情况统计分析,结果表明:754家重点监控企业涉及十多个行业,其中化学需氧量、氨氮、石油类、挥发酚排放量较高,分别为17 057 t、1 261.5 t、32.89 t、1.467 t。等标污染负荷比统计得出,吴江区、吴中区、高新区为重点监控区域,氨氮、化学需氧量、挥发酚、石油类为重点监控污染物,纺织印染、化工生产、电子产品信息制造、金属制造为重点监控行业。46家污水处理厂出口的化学需氧量、氨氮、总氮、总磷的年排放量分别为17 614 t、1 252 t、2 761.9 t、107.7 t,排放量较高且直接排入运河,也应将其划为重点监管区域。 相似文献
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对乌鲁木齐市城镇污水处理厂主要污染物的排放量进行统计,并对主要减排因子化学需氧量和氨氮的处理效率及减排量进行核算,及时掌握和了解城镇污水处理厂的废水达标排放和减排效果,为环境管理提供准确的科学依据。 相似文献
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水环境对景观格局的变化极为敏感,水域(湿地)面积、分布格局、水质、水文特征等的变化,与土地变化和人类活动有着密切的关系,明确影响水质变化的关键景观因子,对于深入了解景观格局对水质的影响机制具有重要的研究价值。该研究选择广东省汕头市练江流域为研究对象,以2019年TM卫星影像、水质监测以及工业点源污染数据为基础,利用Spearman秩相关和多元线性回归模型等统计方法综合分析在子流域、河岸带尺度水平上景观格局与水质之间的相关性。研究结果表明:流域和河岸带的城镇比例、景观多样性和破碎度均对水质有较大影响,水质指标受到多个景观指数的综合影响,景观格局指数变化对总磷的解释能力要大于其他水质指标;氨氮、化学需氧量受河岸带尺度的景观格局影响更大,总磷受流域尺度景观格局影响更大;工业点源对景观格局与水质的关联分析有较大影响,剔除重点工业点源污染后的氨氮和化学需氧量与景观格局相关性比剔除重点工业点源污染前更高。 相似文献
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污水处理厂氮排放特征 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
为了更好地掌握污水处理厂运行和排放情况,在全国南方、北方分别选取3个省共11个城市122家污水处理厂,于2013年8—10月进行了专项监测。结果表明:75?4%的污水处理厂氨氮出水质量浓度小于2 mg/L,氨氮平均去除率达90?2%,但总氮的平均去除率仅为55?5%,污水处理厂排水中仍存在较多非氨氮形态的氮污染进入环境。氨氮排放达标的污水处理厂中,有约20%的总氮排放未达标。65?5%的污水处理厂出水氨氮占总氮的比例低于10%,而84?4%的污水处理厂进水中氨氮占总氮的比例高于50%。总氮是影响污水处理厂达标排放的主要污染因子。 相似文献
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李恩临 《环境监测管理与技术》2004,16(4):24-25
平阳县环境监测站于1998年2002年对鳌江埭头、江屿、方岩渡、江口渡4个断面的水质进行了监测。结果表明,埭头断面目前属尚清洁.江屿断面属严重污染(以氨氮、挥发酚为主),方岩渡、江口渡断面为中污染段(以氨氮为主)。造成鳌江污染的污染源主要是平阳县的制革废水和鳌江沿岸乡镇的生活污水。提出。环保及各级政府部门应加大对鳌江治理投资,尽快建设排污管网及生活污水处理厂;对无能力进行废水处理的小企业,应予以关闭;提倡使用清洁生产工艺,从源头减少制革废水的污染。 相似文献
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为全面掌握汉江襄阳城区段沿程水质变化情况,合理制定相应保护措施,基于2018—2022年汉江襄阳城区段出入境断面及支流水质监测数据,对汉江襄阳城区段水环境质量、变化趋势和相关特征开展综合分析评价。结果表明,2018—2022年汉江襄阳城区段入境与出境断面水质状况总体为优,但出境断面氨氮、总磷、总氮的质量浓度较入境断面均有明显增高,主要支流唐白河、清河及南渠的汇入对出境断面水质影响较大。2018—2021年汉江襄阳城区段出入境断面主要监测指标质量浓度分布表现为丰水期>枯水期,2022年表现为枯水期>丰水期。汉江襄阳城区段水质氮污染贡献明显高于磷污染,仍以氮污染为主,水质中氮主要以游离氨和铵盐以外的形式存在。相关性分析结果表明,入境断面与出境断面中氨氮、总氮与各指标相关性差别较大,总磷、溶解氧与各参数间的相关性基本一致。研究结果可为制定汉江水环境改善及污染防治措施提供科学依据。 相似文献
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末梢水与其水源水的数据“倒挂”现象是影响居民饮水健康的安全隐患。基于末梢水数据“倒挂”现象在新闻报道、政府信息公开及相关调查研究中的表现形式,分析了引起末梢水数据“倒挂”的原因主要包括:监测采样、分析偏差,物理因素和化学、生物反应以及综合因素造成的污染等。提出,在饮用水水源方面,加强规范化管理,保持水源水水质合格并长期稳定;在水处理阶段,选择适宜且安全高效的水处理方式;在水管输送阶段,选择健康的管道材质并合理规划设计、维护输水管网体系;在饮用水使用阶段,加强用水宣传,让居民养成良好的健康用水习惯。从而逐渐消除末梢水数据“倒挂”现象,保障居民的饮水安全。 相似文献
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科学合理的河流生态环境健康评价体系不仅能够客观真实地反映河流的生态环境状况,还能为河流管理者提供决策依据,指明管理方向。基于国内外河流健康评价经验,构建了以水环境、水生态和水资源“三水”为系统层,包含水质、富营养化、水生生物、生境状况和水资源5个指标层的河流生态环境健康评价体系。将层次分析法和综合评估方法相结合,计算河流健康得分。以大运河(天津段)为例,评价结果显示,大运河(天津段)总体评价结果为中等水平。该评价体系考虑了多项影响河流生态功能的指标,能够客观真实地反映河流生态健康状况,同时能够为河流管理提供基础数据和决策依据。 相似文献
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Jurdi M Korfali SI Karahagopian Y Davies BE 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2002,77(1):11-30
The increased demand on water resources in Lebanon as a resultof: progressive urbanization, socio-economic growth, agriculturalactivities and development of industries is, according to the national authorities, a major critical factor by the year 2010.Political difficulties in earlier years imply a dearth of pertinent data. The objective of this study was to evaluate water quality of the Qaraaoun Reservoir of the Litani River andassess its feasibility for multi-purpose usage as one of the solutions to the aggravated water problems in Lebanon. Sampleswere collected from 18 sampling sites at several dates duringthe dry season. Parameters analysed were, pH, electrical conductivity, TDS, turbidity, alkalinity, Ca, Mg, TH, Cl-, SO4
2-, NH3, NO3
-,PO4
3-, Fe, Al, Na, Zn, Cr, Cu and As. The reported data were in compliancewith WHO guidelines, USEPA regulation and EEC directives. Statistical analysis of the data defined three distinct environmental zones and water quality in the central, main zone satisfied most criteria. It is concluded that the reservoir water is fit for multipurpose uses, namely, drinking, domestic,recreational activities, irrigation, fisheries, livestock and industrial, and should be properly managed accordingly. 相似文献
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An Integrated Approach Towards Assessing the Value of Water: A Case Study on the Zambezi Basin 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The aim of this paper is to develop a methodology for assessing the value of water in the different stages in the water cycle.
It is hypothesised that if a cubic metre of water provides some benefit in some spot at a certain moment, this cubic metre
of water has a certain value not only at that point in space and time, but in its previous stages within the water cycle as
well. This means that, while water particles flow from upstream to downstream, water values ‘flow’ in exactly the opposite
direction. The value of water in a certain place is equal to its value in situ plus an accumulated value derived from downstream. This value-flow concept is elaborated for the Zambezi basin.
It is found that water produces the smallest direct economic benefits in the upper part of the Zambezi basin. However, water
flows in this part of the basin − due to their upstream location − have the highest indirect values. Return flows from the
water-using sectors are particularly valuable in the upstream sub-basins. The analysis shows that the value per unit of river
water increases if we go from downstream to upstream. Another finding of the study is that percolation of rainwater is generally
more valuable than surface runoff. Finally, a plan to export water from the river Zambezi to South Africa is evaluated in
terms of its opportunity costs.
The results of this study show that the value-flow concept offers the possibility of accounting for the cyclic nature of water
when estimating its value. It is stressed, however, that for the current study many crude assumptions had to be made, so that
the exact numbers presented should be regarded with extreme caution. Further research is necessary to provide more precise
and validated estimates.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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使用标本缸做为采样装置盛放去离子水露天连续放置1 a,观测水体受到大气干、湿沉降物和沙尘暴降尘的污染状况。期间每隔5~10 d从缸内抽取一定体积的水样,分析其中的水溶性离子和B、Ba、Be、Cd、Cu、Co、Fe、Mo、Mn、Ni、Pb、Sb、Ti、Tl、V、Zn等16种金属元素,除Be在部分样品中被检出外,其余15种元素的检出率均达到100%。在水体中的浓度总体呈明显富集和逐渐升高趋势。从直观和微观的角度阐述大气干、湿沉降物和沙尘暴降尘对洁净水体的污染过程。 相似文献
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利用2016—2020年宁波市生态环境质量各要素监测结果,分析了“十三五”期间宁波市生态环境质量状况、变化趋势以及存在的主要问题。结果表明,“十三五”期间,宁波市生态环境质量总体向好。2020年中心城区环境空气质量优良天数比例比2016年提升了4.6个百分点;除臭氧外,各项污染物浓度均呈下降趋势;酸雨污染程度持续减轻。地表水总体水质由轻度污染转为良好,其中:2020年Ⅰ~Ⅲ类水质断面比例为86.3%,比2016年提升了37.5个百分点;劣Ⅴ类断面比例下降了3.8个百分点。集中式饮用水水源地、声环境、辐射环境等环境要素质量总体保持稳定。但环境空气质量、地表水环境质量后续改善难度较大,饮用水水源地存在较高的水华风险,生态安全屏障需要进一步巩固。 相似文献
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基于区位商的我国流域水质污染空间差异及影响因素研究 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
我国十大流域河流污染的空间分布集聚性较为显著,运用区域经济学中的区位商理论和方法来分析十大流域水污染状况的差异性,结果表明,海河、淮河、黄河和辽河的污径比在2002—2012年均大于0.04,2012年污径比的区位商均达2.6以上,并在11年间整体呈升高态势,表明全国河流污染在这4个流域呈现集聚现象,十大流域水质污染的空间差异性不断加深。从水资源量、污染排放、经济社会发展的角度分析海河、淮河、黄河和辽河污染较重的原因,其中单位水资源污染物负荷较重是直接原因,水资源短缺、经济发展和人口集聚导致水资源承载力不堪重负,而生活污染愈加严重、重污染行业集聚效应以及面源污染加剧都给水质改善带来巨大压力,亟需在这些流域加大综合减排力度。 相似文献
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Zhang B Hong M Zhang B Zhang XL Zhao YS 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,133(1-3):379-386
Endemic fluorosis was investigated and studied in the west region of the Songnen plain, Northeast China in 2001–2002. The
results showed that the fluorine distribution in aquatic environment was that the fluorine concentrations in the lake water
and unconfined ground water were higher than that in the river water and confined ground water. The lake water (Alkali lake)
is connected with unconfined ground water. In unconfined ground water, from the east and southeast areas to the west and the
northwest areas of the plain, fluorine concentration fluctuated with high and low alternatively. The fluorine in the water
comes from the weathering of rocks and minerals in the mountains and hills around the Songnen Plain. The main influence factors
of the fluorine distribution in aquatic environment are discussed. Unconfined ground water containing high fluorine is used
as drinking water. In this region, the fluorine concentration in drinking water is evidently correlated to the morbidity of
dental and skeletal fluorosis. High fluorine concentration in drinking water has endangered human health. 相似文献
20.
Baba A Ereeş FS Hiçsönmez U Cam S Ozdilek HG 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,139(1-3):277-285
Fifteen bottled mineral waters purchased at random all over Turkey were analyzed for their chemical composition by OPTIMA-2000
ICP-AES Perkin Elmer techniques. Results show a wide spread in the chemical specification of these mineral waters, with differences
in chemical composition observed in the regions being due to the geological environment and the majority of bottled mineral
waters exceeding the pH limit of Turkish drinking water standards. When the concentrations of elements are evaluated, it can
readily be seen that generally there are three types of mineral water in Turkey. The concentrations of Al, B, Ba, Cd, Cu,
Cr, Fe, Mn Pb and Zn in mineral water were compared with the limits established by the Turkish Standard for Natural Mineral
Waters (Turkish Official Gazette 2004); water standards prepared by World Health Organization (2006) and the United States of America Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) drinking water standards (1993). Such a comparison shows that, except for Ba and Mn, the concentrations of the other heavy metals are lower than the limit
of the US.EPA in Turkey. Some parameters examined were found to comprise strong correlations pair-wise. 相似文献