共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Consuelo Fernanda Macedo de Souza José Ferreira Lima Jr Maria Soraya Pereira Franco Adriano Fabíola Galbiatti de Carvalho Franklin Delano Soares Forte Rosimere de Farias Oliveira Alexandre Pessoa Silva Fábio Correia Sampaio 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(6):4735-4743
The aim of this study was to estimate the risk for caries and fluorosis in a desertification area, applying the calcium/fluoride concentration ratio of underground water and the quality of water in a selected geographical region. This study was performed in the municipality of São João do Rio do Peixe, located in the tropical semiarid lands of Brazil. A total of 111 groundwater samples were collected. Fluoride concentration varied from 0.11 to 9.33 mg/L. Thirty percent of all samples analyzed showed values above 1.5 mg/L, while 64 % were above the ideal limit of 0.7 mg/L. Mean calcium concentration was 47.6 mg/L, and 14.4 % of all samples presented values above the WHO acceptable limits. The proportional value of calcium/fluoride in water showed that only 12 % of the samples were suitable for dental caries prevention with minimal risk for dental fluorosis. Mapping of the fluoride distribution indicated that approximately 2,465 people could be affected by dental fluorosis and 1,057 people might be affected by skeletal fluorosis. It can be concluded that, in addition to fluoride, many water parameters were not suitable for the drinking water. Mapping out calcium/fluoride ratio may indicate areas of water suitability for caries control, whereas the fluoride concentration solely can indicate the areas with the risk for fluorosis. This approach can be relevant for health authorities for identifying communities where dental caries or dental fluorosis is prevalent. 相似文献
2.
3.
Hong-jian Gao You-qian Jin Jun-ling Wei 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(5):3687-3695
This study analyzes the concentrations and health risks of fluoride in 249 drinking water samples collected from different regions of Anhui Province in China. Results indicated that fluoride content in drinking water ranged from 0.12 to 1.94 mg L?1 (mean?=?0.57 mg L?1) in the following order: Huaibei plain region > Jianghuai hill region ≈ Dabieshan mountainous region > plain along the Yangtze River region > southern Anhui mountainous region. The fluoride contents were less than 0.50 mg L?1 in 66.66 % of the drinking water samples, 0.51–1.0 mg L?1 in 23.29 %, and higher than 1.0 mg L?1 in 12.04 %. The fluoride levels in some samples were lower than the recommended values for controlling dental caries (0.50–1.0 mg L?1). The total fluoride intake from drinking water was between 0.14 and 2.33 mg per day in different regions of the province, supposing an individual consumes 1.2 L of water per day. Therefore, measures should be taken to increase fluoride intake in the Jianghuai hill region, Dabieshan mountainous region, plain along the Yangtze River, and southern Anhui mountainous region to control dental caries. On the other hand, the fluoride levels must be reduced in the Huaibei plain region to decrease endemic fluorosis. The results serve as crucial guidelines for managing fluoride safety in drinking water and controlling endemic fluorosis in different regions of Anhui Province. 相似文献
4.
5.
Suthar S Garg VK Jangir S Kaur S Goswami N Singh S 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,145(1-3):1-6
This study was carried out to assess the fluoride concentration in groundwater in some villages of northern Rajasthan, India, where groundwater is the main source of drinking water. Water samples collected form deep aquifer based hand-pumps were analysed for fluoride content. Fluoride in presently studied sites was recorded in the ranges of 4.78 and 1.01 mg/l. The average fluoride concentration for this region was recorded 2.82 mg/l. As per the desirable and maximum permissible limit for fluoride in drinking water, determined by WHO or by Bureau of Indian Standards, the groundwater of about 95 of the studied sites is unfit for drinking purposes. Due to the higher fluoride level in drinking water several cases of dental and skeletal fluorosis have appeared at alarming rate in this region. The middle and eastern parts of the Hanumangarh, a northern most district of the state, can be classified as higher risk area for fluorosis; due to relatively high concentrations of fluoride (3-4 mg/l) in groundwater of this region. After evaluating the data of this study it is concluded that there is an instant need to take ameliorative steps in this region to prevent the population from fluorosis. 相似文献
6.
7.
以杭州市萧山区2008—2014年饮用水源地铁含量监测数据为分析对象,研究饮用水源地的铁含量时空分布并评价铁污染状况,结果表明,铁含量单次测值历年超标,超标倍数0.01~8.80,超标率16.7%~86.1%,7年间超标率呈现阶段性的螺旋式上升,铁污染日趋严重,到2014年有所减轻。通过对饮用水源地周边环境和污染源调查,结合文献资料,分析铁污染成因,提出防治对策:制定地表水体中铁的分类标准,完善废水的铁排放标准;建立跨行政区域的水环境管理机制,全面实施河长制;加强水土保持和酸雨控制,进行河流综合整治;加强饮用水源管理,扩建备用水源和另找水源。 相似文献
8.
对伊犁西部居民所接触的环境介质中氟含量和日摄氟总量进行调查,推出其饮水(茶)氟的适宜浓度为:饮水氟0.53mg/L,饮茶氟1.36mg/L,茶叶用量应控制在5.23g/日·人以下. 相似文献
9.
调查研究了塔里木河干流流域地下水中氟的含量水平及分布特征.揭示了地下水中氟与水化学性质之间的相互关系。探讨其形成高氟地下水的环境因素,并提出改水防病措施. 相似文献
10.
Fluoride concentration in groundwater sources used as major drinking water source in rural area of block Nawa (Nagaur District), Rajasthan was examined and the toxic effects by intake of excess fluoride on rural habitants were studied. In block 13, habitations (30%) were found to have fluoride concentration more than 1.5 mg/l (viz. maximum desirable limit of Indian drinking water standards IS 10500, 1999). In five habitations (11%), fluoride concentration in groundwater is at toxic level (viz. above 3.0 mg/l). The maximum fluoride concentration in the block is 5.91 mg/l from Sirsi village. As per the desirable and maximum permissible limit for fluoride in drinking water, determined by World Health Organization or by Bureau of Indian Standards, the groundwater of about 13 habitations of the studied sites is unfit for drinking purposes. Due to the higher fluoride level in drinking water, several cases of dental and skeletal fluorosis have appeared at alarming rate in this region. There is an instant need to take ameliorative steps in this region to prevent the population from fluorosis. Groundwater sources of block Nawa can be used for drinking after an effective treatment in absence of other safe source. The evaluation of various defluoridation methods on the basis of social and economical structure of India reveals that the clay pot chip, activated alumina adsorption, and Nalgonda techniques are the most promising. 相似文献
11.
Dey RK Swain SK Mishra S Sharma P Patnaik T Singh VK Dehury BN Jha U Patel RK 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(5):3279-3291
The present investigation reports the assessment of hydrochemical/geochemical processes controlling the concentration of fluoride
in groundwater of a village in India (Boden block, Orissa). Boden block is one of the severely affected fluoride-contaminated
areas in the state of Orissa (India). The sampling and subsequent analysis of water samples of the study area was carried
out following standard prescribed methods. The results of the analysis indicate that 36.60% groundwater F− concentration exceeds the limit prescribed by the World Health Organization for drinking water. The rock interaction with
groundwater containing high concentration of HCO3− and Na+ at a higher pH value of the medium could be one of the important reasons for the release of F− from the aquatic matrix into groundwater. Geochemical classification of groundwater based on Chadha rectangular diagram shows
that most of the groundwater samples having fluoride concentration more than 1.5 mg L−1 belongs to the Na-K-HCO3 type. The saturation index values evaluated for the groundwater of the study area indicated that it is oversaturated with
respect to calcite, whereas the same is undersaturated with respect to fluorite content. The deficiency of calcium ion concentration
in the groundwater from calcite precipitation favors fluorite dissolution leading to excess of fluoride concentration. The
risk index was calculated as a function of fluoride level in drinking water and morbidity of fluorosis categorizes high risk
for villages of Amera and Karlakote panchayat of Boden block. 相似文献
12.
Hydro-chemical Survey of Groundwater of Hisar City and Assessment of Defluoridation Methods Used in India 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ground water quality of Hisar city was assessed for its suitability for drinking purposes. Samples collected from the Bore-wells
(forms a part of municipal water supply) and handpumps (direct consumption) were analyzed for the various physico-chemical
parameters including pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved salts, total hardness, total alkalinity, sodium, potassium,
calcium, magnesium, carbonate, bicarbonate, chloride and sulfate. The concentrations of magnesium, sodium, potassium, sulfate
and especially of chloride were found moderately higher than the WHO standards for the drinking water. Further a comparison
of fluoride (F−) levels in groundwater of various cities and towns of Haryana state was performed. The relatively higher concentrations of
F− in groundwater of Haryana raise the risk of fluorosis and hence groundwater must be used with proper treatment. Promising
defluoridation methods using locally available materials and technologies are discussed for the prevention and control of
fluorosis. Data were assessed statistically to find the suitable markers of ground water quality as an aid to monitoring groundwater
quality. 相似文献
13.
Siddique A Mumtaz M Saied S Karim Z Zaigham NA 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,120(1-3):177-185
The ground and municipal water supply samples of Karachi city were analyzed for their fluoride contents. The fluoride contents in water samples collected from the subsurface and river sources were found below the WHO recommended value for the general health of the people. However, in some industrial areas the groundwater sample showed higher level of fluoride concentration. Continuous monitoring of water resources and cautious fluoridation is suggested to maintain proper status of fluoride concentration in the drinking water. 相似文献
14.
The effect of saline water disposal: implications for monitoring programs and management 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Ben J. Kefford 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2000,63(2):313-327
In an effort to combat rising groundwater tables andexpanding saline lakes, saline water has been disposedof into the aquatic environment, despite there beinglittle information as to the environmental effects.Monitoring of the effect of saline lake water disposalon aquatic macroinvertebrates and water quality wasconducted in the Barwon River, south west Victoria,Australia, in association with toxicity tests. Thedisposal of saline lake water was associated withchanges in macroinvertebrate community structure.Contrary to expectations, increases in electricalconductivity (a measure of salinity) was not the onlywater quality parameter associated with saline waterdisposal. An experiment was conducted where thetoxicity of saline lake water was compared to that ofa prepared solution of the same electricalconductivity. Toxicity was greater in the saline lakewater than the prepared solution. The results suggestthat saline water disposal is impacting onmacroinvertebrate fauna but electrical conductivity isnot the only factor responsible. These results haveconsequences for both management of aquatic resourcesand for monitoring programs which are discussed. 相似文献
15.
R. Srikanth Anil Gautam Suresh Chandra Jaiswal Pavitra Singh 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(3):2343-2350
Endemic fluorosis was detected in 31 villages in the Dhar district of Madhya Pradesh, Central India. Out of the 109 drinking water sources that were analyzed, about 67 % were found to contain high concentration of fluoride above the permissible level of 1.0 mg/l. Dental fluorosis among the primary school children in the age between 8 and 15 served as primary indicator for fluoride intoxication among the children. Urinary fluoride levels among the adults were found to be correlated with drinking water fluoride in 10 villages affected by fluoride. Intervention in the form of alternate safe water supply in five villages showed significant reduction in the urinary fluoride concentration when compared to the control village. Urinary fluoride serves as an excellent marker for assessing the effectiveness of intervention program in the fluoride-affected villages. 相似文献
16.
17.
Spatial distribution and multiple sources of heavy metals in the water of Chaohu Lake,Anhui, China 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Li G Liu G Zhou C Chou CL Zheng L Wang J 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(5):2763-2773
In this study, a survey for the spatial distribution of heavy metals in Chaohu Lake of China was conducted. Sixty-two surface
water samples were collected from entire lake including three of its main river entrances. This is the first systematic report
concerning the content, distribution, and origin of heavy metals (Cu, Cr, Cd, Hg, Zn, and Ni) in the Chaohu Lake water. The
results showed that heavy metals (Cu, Cr, Zn, and Ni) concentrations in the estuary of Nanfei River were relatively higher
than those in the other areas, while content of Hg is higher in the southeast lake than northwest lake. Moreover, Cd has locally
concentration in the surface water from the entire Chaohu Lake. The heavy metal average concentrations, except Hg, were lower
than the cutoff values for the first-grade water quality (China Environment Quality Standard) which was set as the highest
standard to protect the social nature reserves. The Hg content is between the grades three and four water quality, and other
heavy metals contents are higher than background values. The aquatic environment of Chaohu Lake has apparently been contaminated.
Both the cluster analysis (CA) and correlation analysis provide information about the origin of heavy metals in the Lake.
Our findings indicated that agricultural activities and adjacent plants chimneys may contribute the most to Cd and Hg contamination
of Chaohu Lake, respectively. 相似文献
18.
应用GIS技术研究了"引江济太"对太湖北部底质与水质总磷(TP)浓度的影响。研究结果表明,2014—2019年,调水北部沿线4个点位底质TP浓度降幅为59.8%~80.5%;不同点位的水质TP浓度变化存在差异,入湖口点位下降14.1%,沿线其他点位分别上升37.4%、38.6%和45.0%。从空间分布来看,太湖水质TP始终呈明显的"西高东低"分布特点,但底质TP的分布未显示出该类规律。望亭水利枢纽调水情况与入湖口5#点位底质TP浓度呈一定程度的正相关,在调水入湖水量大于出湖水量的年份,5#点位底质TP浓度会偏高。"引江济太"会对太湖北部调水沿线,特别是入湖口附近水域的TP含量产生较大影响,并通过水流迁移与底质再悬浮释放影响下游水域。如何降低望虞河及周边支流的入湖泥沙量将是今后开展科学调水、保障贡湖水源地水质安全的重点研究方向之一。 相似文献
19.
对南通市24座乡镇地表水厂以及199座乡镇地下水厂的水源水质状况进行了调查.结果表明,地表水水源地中有14座水厂达标,其取水量占地表水取水总量62.8%.水体中主要污染物是NH3-N、石油类、Imn.全市乡镇地下水厂饮用水源水质达标水厂为56座,其取水量占地下水取水总量的26.2%.全市地下水中主要污染物为NH3-N、... 相似文献