大掺量煤矸石水泥研究

采用激发剂技术,研制成功了煤矸石掺量达６０％,强度标号达４９．６ＭＰａ的大掺量煤矸石水泥,研究表明,这种水泥的标准稠度需水量、凝结时间、安定性等物理性能符合国家标准的有关要求;水泥石孔隙率为０．０４１３ｃｍ＾３·ｇ＾－１,结构致密;７ｄ水经热为２３５ｋＪ·ｋｇ＾－１,属低热水泥。     

Φ4×145米回转窑喂煤系统节能技术改造

喂煤新技术在湿法回转窑水泥生产中的应用，不仅使生产煤耗大大降低，而且使熟料质量大幅度提高，从而增加了水泥中粉煤灰的掺加量，使更多的粉煤灰得到充分利用，有利于保护环境和节约耕地。     

煤粉灰的粉体特性及其对减水效应的影响

通过对粉煤灰颗粒形貌，平均粒径，粒度分布等粉体特性参量的测定和计算分析，发现粉煤灰的减水效应主要来自圆球形玻璃微珠的滚珠轴承润滑作用或对水泥絮凝结构的分散作用，过细的粉煤灰大掺量取代水泥后有可能会降低其减水效应。     

粉煤灰淋溶液中的有害物质对地下水污染的试验研究

粉煤灰中有害物质对土壤的影响试验表明，０．３ｍ的土层对粉煤灰淋溶水中ｐＨ值、Ｆ＾－、全盐量和总碱度有很强的吸附能力，如ｐＨ值的吸附中和量为３．７￣４０，Ｆ＾－吸附率达８７．４％，总盐量的吸附率达７０．９７％，碱度吸附率达９４．３％￣９６．４％，Ｃｒ＾６＋吸附能力较弱。由于贮灰场附近土层远大于０．３ｍ，因此粉煤灰淋溶水不会对地下水产生污染。     

用粉煤灰生产水泥填充料

介绍了利用粉煤灰生产水泥填充料－粉煤灰蒸块的方法，这种填充材料可以直接加入水泥熟料中生产水泥，每掺入１０％填料可降低生产成本５％，同掺入普通粉煤灰相比提高了强度，增加了安稳性，解决了长期以来利用粉煤灰步履艰辛的难题。通过一些厂家的使用，三个“效益”比较突出，具有广阔的发展前景。     

粉煤灰用于配制高性能混凝土可行性的研究

研究了粉煤灰细度，颗粒形貌及掺量对水泥强度和混凝土强度及混凝土流变性能的影响。研究结果证明，掺入二、三电场的原状粉煤灰对混凝土的强度影响不大，但可以较为显著地改善新拌混凝土的流变性能。     

粉煤灰的粉体特性及其对减水效应的影响

通过对粉煤灰颗粒形貌、平均粒径、粒度分布等粉体特性参量的测定和计算分析 ,发现粉煤灰的减水效应主要来自圆球形玻璃微珠的滚珠轴承润滑作用或对水泥絮凝结构的分散作用。过细的粉煤灰大掺量取代水泥后有可能会降低其减水效应     

少熟料粉煤灰水泥的研制

在毛主席无产阶级革命路线的指引下,在局党组和院党委的关怀下,我们用广西田东电厂的粉煤灰进行了少熟料粉煤灰水泥的试验研究,初步取得了可喜的成果。 生产粉煤灰水泥,是处理火力发电厂排出的大量粉煤灰的一条有效途径。但目前一般的生产方式,还存在着粉煤灰掺用量不够大的问题。我们此项试验,是探索只掺用少量水泥或水泥熟料来制做粉煤灰水泥的可能性,以及其生产条件和工艺流程,力求使粉煤灰能全部得到合理利用,达到化害为利、保护     

我国研制成功粉煤灰高效活化剂

一种新型高分子复合材料——“ＨＢ粉煤灰高效活化剂”日前由安微大学高分子材料研究所研制成功，为高掺量、高水平利用粉煤灰开辟了一条新途径。原本严重污染环境的粉煤灰成为代替水泥的廉价材料，兼有经济和环保的双重效应。粉煤灰以是煤为燃烧的火力发电厂从烟道中排出的粉状物质。据有关资料显示，１９９８年我国粉煤灰排放量高达１．４亿吨，是大宗工业废料。我国电力行业投入巨资进行处理，但由于缺乏有效的利用途径，效果不佳。难以处理的粉煤灰或堆积如山、占用大量农田，或直接排入江河湖海，严重污染环境，破坏生态平衡。“ＨＢ粉…     

浙江省再生资源的开发与利用研究（二）

三、废弃物再资源化主要途径固体废物再资源化的途径很多，但从宏观上看，其再资源化的途径主要有以下五种：（一）生产建筑材料工业废渣绝大多数用来生产建筑材料，如墙体材料、砖、混凝土掺合料及路基材料等。其中粉煤灰占很大比重，年产生量约为253．用万吨，回收利用量227．27万吨，利用率占89．6％。预计2000年排灰量将增至1300万吨。目前正在推广的粉煤灰粘土烧结砖、粉煤灰水泥、粉煤灰粘土空心承重烧结砖。硫铁矿和化铁炉渣供水泥厂生产矿渣水泥。此外，粉煤灰还用于筑路和回填，占比重很大。（二）提取各种金属1995年我省废有色金…     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

EDTA-enhanced phytoremediation of lead contaminated soil by Bidens maximowicziana

Phytoremediation is a potential cleanup technology for the removal of heavy metals from contaminated soils.Bidens maximowicziana is a new Pb hyperaccumulator,which not only has remarkable tolerance to Pb but also extraordinary accumulation capacity for Pb.The maximum Pb concentration was 1509.3 mg/kg in roots and 2164.7 mg/kg in overground tissues.The Pb distribution order in the B. maximowicziana was:leaf>stem>root.The effect of amendments on phytoremediation was also studied.The mobility of soil Pb and the Pb concentrations in plants were both increased by EDTA application.Compared with CK(control check),EDTA application promoted translocation of Pb to overground parts of the plant.The Pb concentrations in overground parts of plants was increased from 24.23-680.56 mg/kg to 29.07-1905.57 mg/kg.This research demonstrated that B.maximowicziana appeared to be suitable for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil,especially,combination with EDTA.     

Distribution and ecological effect of mercury in Laogang landfill, Shanghai, China

Laogang landfill near Shanghai is the largest landfill in China, and receives about 10000 t of daily garbage per day, Samples of topsoil and plants were analyzed to evaluate mercury pollution from the landfill. For topsoil samples, there were significant correlations among total mercury （HgT）, combinative mercury （Hgc） and gaseous mercury （HgG）, and content of total organic carbon （TOC）, but, no significantly relationship was found between Hg content and filling time. Hg content changes in vertical profiles with time showed that the average Hgv of profiles 1992, 1996, and 2000 was similar, but their average HgG was quite different. HgT was significantly correlated with Hgc in profile 1992 and 2000, and Hgv was significantly correlated with Hg6 in profile 1996. HgG/Hgv ratio in profile samples decreased in the order of （HgG,/HgT）1992〉（HgG/HgT）1996〉〉（HgG/HgT）2000. A simple outline of Hg release in landfill could be drawn： with increasing of filling time, degradation undergoes different biodegradation, accordingly, gaseous mercury goes through small, more, and small proportion to total mercury. Distribution of Hg in plants was inhomogeneous, following the order of leaf〉root〉stem. The highest value of leaf may be associated with higher atmospheric Hg from landfill. Ligneous plants （e.g. Phyllostachys glanca, Prunus salicina and Ligustrum lucidum） are capable of enriching more Hg than herbaceous plants.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Enzymatic oxidation of aqueous pentachlorophenol

The influence of the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 on pentachlorophenol （PCP） oxidation catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase was studied. The surfactant was tested at concentrations below and above its critical micelle concentration （CMC）. Enhancement of PCP removal was observed at sub-CMCs. The presence of Tween 80 in the reaction mixture reduced enzyme inactivation which occurred through a combination of free radical attack and sorption by precipitated products. A simple first-order model was able to simulate time profiles for enzyme inactivation in the presence or absence of Tween 80. At supra-CMCs, the surfactant caused noticeable reductions in PCP removal, presumably through micelle partitioning of PCP which precluded the hydrophobic PCP molecule from interacting with the enzyme.     

Decomposition of alachlor by ozonation and its mechanism

Decomposition and corresponding mechanism of alachlor, an endocrine disruptor in water by ozonation were investigated. Results showed that alachlor could not be completely mineralized by ozone alone. Many intermediates and final products were formed during the process, including aromatic compounds, aliphatic carboxylic acids, and inorganic ions. In evoluting these products, some of them with weak polarity were qualitatively identified by GC-MS. The information of inorganic ions suggested that the dechlorination was the first and the fastest step in the ozonation of alachlor.     

Degradation of metabolites accumulated of benzo[a]pyrene by coupling Penicillium Chrysogenum with KMnO4

Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone （BP 1,6- quinone）, trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene （BP 7,8-diol）, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene （3-OHBP）, were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that （1） the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; （2） the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; （3） the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% （w/v）, concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites.     

Impact of atrazine and nitrogen fertilizers on the sorption of chlorotoluron in soil and model sorbents

Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.     

基于综合水质标识指数和对应分析法的校园河道水质评价

以三峡大学的校园河道求索溪为研究对象,利用综合水质标识指数法确定求索溪水质类别,分析其水质时空变化规律,并利用对应分析法得出求索溪中不同监测点的主要污染因子.研究结果表明:求索溪整体的综合水质标识指数为7.423,整体水质为劣V类(地表水环境质量标准GB 3838-2002)且黑臭.从时间变化来看,求索溪4月份的水质最差,5月份次之,4、5月份所有监测点的水质都劣于V类且黑臭;8月份水质最好,水质为Ⅳ类;从空间分布来看,8个监测点综合水质标识指数均超过6.0,水质为劣V类,其中6号监测点的水质相对最好,监测点3号的水质相对最差;对应分析法得出求索溪的整体水体污染程度受总氮因子的影响最大,其次为总磷.该研究拟为求索溪及类似校园河道的水环境治理研究提供基础依据和参考.     

Potential of plant polyphenol oxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile and non-textile dyes

In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato （Solanum tuberosum） and brinjal （Solanum melongena）, for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.