武威市城市生活垃圾处理工艺及探讨

通过城市生活垃圾的现状，就武威市城市生活垃圾的处理工艺进行了分析及探讨．     

关于中小城市生活垃圾的处理与回收利用的探讨

对城市生活垃圾的分类回收、处理进行了探讨，对完善城市基础设施建设，改善投资环境将起到重要作用。     

应用微生物处理城市生活垃圾初探

我国多数城市被生活垃圾困扰，垃圾“围城”现象日趋严重，如何处置城市生活垃圾已成为各级政府亟待解决的问题，只有采用综合处理的工艺技术，才能使垃圾减量化，资源化，无害化，实现经济效益、环境效益、社会效益相统一。     

兰州市城市生活垃圾分类收集方法初探

在分析兰州市城市生活垃圾产生量及成分的基础上，对兰州市生活垃圾的分类及分类收集的具体方法进行了探讨。     

对城市垃圾综合利用的探讨

介绍了城市生活垃圾的现状、特点以及对生态环境的影响，介绍了对城市垃圾综合利用的处理方法，针对回收利用中存在的问题，提出了相应的措施和对策。     

兰州市封闭垃圾道、实行垃圾袋装化收集的作用

通过问卷调查和走访相结合的方式，了解到兰州市垃圾收集的现状及存在的问题，对兰州市实行生活垃圾袋装化收集的作用进行了阐述．得出：实行袋装化收集对垃圾的清运，城市卫生建设，废物利用以及试行分类收集有着重要的作用，并对兰州市垃圾收集工作提出了相关建议．     

城市生活垃圾可生物降解有机质成分的测定

卫生填埋是我国现阶段最主要的城市生活垃圾处理方式,定量分析城市生活垃圾可生物降解有机质成分对于研究填埋垃圾的厌氧降解过程具有重要意义.通过一系列常规化学试验,利用抽提差重法、比色法及灼烧差重法,依次测定了垃圾中含水率,挥发分与灰分,脂肪类,易水解物与半纤维素,腐植酸,难水解物、不水解物与纤维素,木质素与固体残渣等成分,为入场垃圾可生化性评价及降解过程中固相成分变化的动态监测提供了一种简便快速的测定方法.     

我国城市生活垃圾的处理与管理对策探讨

随着我国经济的快速发展，城市生活垃圾产生量日益增长，如何合理的处理及管理城市生活垃圾日益引起关注．本文通过对我国生活垃圾处理方式及发展趋势的分析，根据生活垃圾的特点及管理中存在的一些问题，提出了我国城市生活垃圾处理的发展趋势及相应的管理对策．     

城市垃圾的治理方法评述

介绍了城市生活垃圾的堆肥、填埋、焚烧、综合利用等治理方法的基本情况，并对其优缺点进行了评述。     

四川省城市生活垃圾的组成及特性

对四川省典型城市生活垃圾的组成、元素分析及热值等实验结果进行分析,结果表明:典型城市生活垃圾具有厨余含量高(57.4%～66.1%)、渣土含量少(1.9%～11.7%)的特点;四川省城市生活垃圾热值介于4 200～5 500 kJ/kg之间,且大部分处在4 800～5 500 kJ/kg之间;攀枝花、绵阳和成都市金牛区城市生活垃圾热值较高,适合采用焚烧法,内江和遂宁的城市生活垃圾热值偏低,宜采用填埋的方法。     

农村土壤利用城市生活垃圾施肥的调查研究

对城市生活垃圾和农村利用垃圾施肥及利用垃圾养殖蚯蚓的情况作了深入的调查研究.调查结果表明城市生活垃圾在一定条件下能为农业提供良好的有机肥料,改善农村土壤结构,提高土壤中多种肥分含量.根据本地城市生活垃圾特征和土地资源情况,堆肥和填埋相结合处理城市生活垃圾不失为符合山区实际的一种方法.     

Exposure of garbage truck drivers and maintenance personnel at a waste handling centre to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons derived from diesel exhaust

Exposure to diesel exhaust was evaluated in summer and winter by measuring vapour and particle phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Fifteen PAHs were simultaneously determined from the air samples obtained from truck drivers collecting household waste and maintenance personnel at a waste handling centre. The major compounds analysed from the personal air samples of exposed workers were naphthalene, phenanthrene and fluorene. The total PAH exposure (sum of 15 PAHs) of garbage truck drivers ranged from 71 to 2,660 ng m(-3) and from 68 to 900 ng m-3 in the maintenance work. The exposure of garbage truck drivers to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) ranged from the mean of 0.03 to 0.3 ng m(-3) whereas no B[a]P in control samples or in those collected from maintenance workers was detected. A statistically significant difference in diesel-derived PAH exposure between the garbage truck drivers and the control group in both seasons (in summer p = 0.0022, degrees of freedom (df) 70.5; and in winter p < 0.0001, df = 80.4) was observed. Also, a significant difference in PAH exposure between the garbage truck drivers and the maintenance workers (in summer p < 0.0001, df = 50.1; and in winter p < 0.0001, df = 44.2) was obtained.     

The effects of socioeconomic parameters on household solid-waste generation and composition in developing countries (a case study: Ahvaz,Iran)

Environment problems associated with the generation of waste are part of societal changes where households play an important role. These societal changes influence the size, structure and characteristic of given households. For the effective planning of solid-waste handling infrastructure, it is essential to know the quantity of waste generation and its composition. This paper presents the findings of a study carried out in an urban municipal area in Iran to determine the household solid-waste generation rate and waste composition based on field surveys and to determine the related socioeconomic parameters. The dependent variables were waste generation and composition, and independent variables were family size, family employment, age, number of room and education. Over 400 sample households were selected for the study using a stratified random sampling methodology and from five different socioeconomic groups. Waste collected from all groups of households were segregated and weighted. Waste generation rate was 5.4 kg/household/day. Household solid waste comprised of ten categories of wastes and with the largest component (76.9%). The generation and composition of household solid waste were correlated with family size, education level and households income. This paper adequately suggests new insights concerning the role of socioeconomic parameters in affecting the generation of household waste.     

城市生活垃圾分类处理机制研究

简述了城市生活垃圾分类处理的理论原则,对比分析了国内外城市生活垃圾分类处理在法律法规、资金保障措施、垃圾分类收集方式和全民环境意识教育4个方面的做法与特点。提出了健全垃圾分类处理体制机制,推进生产者延伸责任制模式,完善垃圾分类收运体系,提高全民环境意识水平的建议。     

IOWLAD-based MCDM model for the site assessment of a household waste processing plant under a Pythagorean fuzzy environment

Household waste pollution is the main restrictive factor for urban development that leads to an increase in calorific value and decrease in disposal capacity. To deal with the demand derived from household waste, the development of a new household waste processing plant is necessary, with site assessment being an issue of primary consideration. In this study, to evaluate alternatives, we proposed a multiple-criteria decision-making framework based on the Pythagorean fuzzy induced ordered weighted logarithmic averaging distance (PFIOWLAD) operator. For this purpose, during the decision-making process, we extend the induced ordered weighted logarithmic averaging distance (IOWLAD) operator to the Pythagorean fuzzy set (PFS), which can deal with uncertain information. Then, an illustrative case including five criteria, namely, construction cost, impact on the cost of retrofitting existing household waste processing plants, traffic efficiency, impact on surrounding residents, and refuse processing capacity equilibrium, along with five alternatives in Shanghai is investigated. The robustness and effectiveness of the proposed framework are verified by comparing the results with those determined using the previous approaches.     

我国城市生活垃圾处理现状及存在问题分析

对我国城市生活垃圾处理的现状进行了系统调研 ,对存在的问题进行了深入的分析 ,并提出了对策建议。     

Assessment of plastic waste generation and its potential recycling of household solid waste in Can Tho City, Vietnam

Plastic solid waste has become a serious problem when considering the disposal alternatives following the sequential hierarchy of sound solid waste management. This study was undertaken to assess the quantity and composition of household solid waste, especially plastic waste to identify opportunities for waste recycling. A 1-month survey of 130 households was carried out in Can Tho City, the capital city of the Mekong Delta region in southern Vietnam. Household solid waste was collected from each household and classified into ten physical categories; especially plastic waste was sorted into 22 subcategories. The average household solid waste generation rate was 281.27 g/cap/day. The compostable and recyclable shares respectively accounted for high percentage as 80.74% and 11%. Regarding plastic waste, the average plastic waste generation rate was 17.24 g/cap/day; plastic packaging and plastic containers dominated with the high percentage, 95.64% of plastic waste. Plastic shopping bags were especially identified as the major component, accounting for 45.72% of total plastic waste. Relevant factors such as household income and household size were found to have an existing correlation to plastic waste generation in detailed composition. The household habits and behaviors of plastic waste discharge and the aspects of environmental impacts and resource consumption for plastic waste disposal alternatives were also evaluated.     

典型外向型经济地区农村固体废弃物污染处置状况与管理对策

外向型经济地区经济发达、城镇化水平高、外来人口众多，使得农村环境问题日益突出。通过对典型外向型经济地区昆山市全部行政村发放调查表并结合经验系数法，调查和统计了外向型经济地区农村固废的产生种类、产生量和处置状况。统计分析结果显示，外向型经济地区农村的主要固体废弃物为生活垃圾、农业固废、禽畜粪便和农村企业固废。根据这些污染状况，提出了农村固废处置的管理对策。     

Factors affecting waste generation: a study in a waste management program in Dhaka City, Bangladesh

Information on waste generation, socioeconomic characteristics, and willingness of the households to separate waste was obtained from interviews with 402 respondents in Dhaka city. Ordinary least square regression was used to determine the dominant factors that might influence the waste generation of the households. The results showed that the waste generation of the households in Dhaka city was significantly affected by household size, income, concern about the environment, and willingness to separate the waste. These factors are necessary to effectively improve waste management, growth and performance, as well as to reduce the environmental degradation of the household waste.     

Exploring the “not in my backyard” effect in the construction of waste incineration power plants - based on a survey in metropolises of China

Waste incineration power plants have become the best option in face of the increasing amount of garbage in China's cities. However, constructing waste incineration power plants will cause “not in my backyard” (NIMBY) effect in the public. To identify variables causing this effect and measure the effect quantitatively, we designed and carried out a random survey in four metropolises in China. Of the 3133 questionnaires distributed, 3066 are thought to be effective. Males, persons with higher educational levels, or with higher income, or having underaged children in their families, or thinking their neighborhoods are upscale ones are willing to pay more to avoid the construction of waste incineration power plants in their surroundings than others. In addition, provided that the respondents deem that the construction of waste incineration power plants would have an impact on their lives, they are willing to pay more no matter they own their departments or not. Finally, the estimated willingness to pay (WTP) to avoid the waste incineration power plants is 105 yuan to 133 yuan per month. Hence, the government should treat the NIMBY syndrome well in the construction of waste incineration power plants, with WTP being one perspective to persuade the public.