群体感应在Pseudomonas aeruginosa生物强化反硝化中的应用研究

采用模拟废水研究了群体感应对反硝化菌株定植（即生物强化作用）及反硝化作用的影响.反硝化功能基因napA表达结果表明,菌株Pseudomonas aeruginosa能够在反应器中成功定植.通过对不同反应器中信号分子的测定发现,群体感应有利于菌株的定植,硝酸盐的去除效率由55%±3.0%提升至81%±3.8%.在菌株定植成功的反应器中加入群体感应淬灭酶后,信号分子失活,促使反应器中硝酸盐的去除率进一步提升至95%以上.     

2株好氧反硝化菌的筛选及其强化贫营养生物膜脱氮效果

经富集培养、BTB培养基初筛与反硝化能力测定,从城市污水处理厂活性污泥中筛选得到2株好氧反硝化细菌.通过16S rDNA同源性分析对2株菌进行鉴定;并将这2菌株接种到贫营养生物膜体系中以探究它们对系统总氮的去除能力的强化.结果表明,这2株菌分别属于Pseudomonas aeruginosa和Pseudomonas putida,2株好氧反硝化菌单独存在时,对模拟废水的TN去除率分别达78%和82%;2株细菌强化后的生物膜系统对TN去除率达68%和64%,较非强化对照系统分别提高47%和43%,且NH4+-N去除率均接近100%.说明这2株好氧反硝化细菌具有较强的反硝化能力,并能够有效强化生物膜在贫营养条件下的反硝化能力,并且不会抑制生物膜硝化能力,可实现生物膜系统同步硝化反硝化.     

反硝化型甲烷厌氧氧化(DAMO)系统pH值耦合模型研究

对3个具有不同优势菌种反应器中厌氧氧化(DAMO)过程与pH值进行动力学耦合,结果表明,在25℃,Anammox-DAMO混培系统最大脱氮速率、硝酸盐初始抑制浓度和铵盐初始抑制浓度分别为3.95mg/(L·d),182.63,196.40mg/L;Nitrate-DAMO系统最大脱氮速率、硝酸盐初始抑制浓度分别为4.3...     

异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌株GNR选育及对猪场废水脱氮实验

从养猪场废水中分离获得l株异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌,编号为GNR,经形态学及系统发育鉴定,确定为不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)的新菌株.通过条件优化实验获得菌株GNR的异养硝化和好氧反硝化的最佳碳源均为柠檬酸三钠,最佳C/N均为10∶1,最佳初始pH分别为8.0和6.0.在最优条件下,初始NH4+-N和NO3-...     

Optimization and evaluation of a bottom substrate denitrification tank for nitrate removal from a recirculating aquaculture system

A bottom substrate denitrification tank for a recirculating aquaculture system was developed. The laboratory scale denitrification tank was an 8 L tank (0.04 m2 tank surface area), packed to a depth of 5 cm with a bottom substrate for natural denitrifying bacteria. An aquarium pump was used for gentle water mixing in the tank; the dissolved oxygen in the water was maintained in aerobic conditions (e.g. > 2 mg/L) while anoxic conditions predominated only at the bottom substrate layer. The results showed that, among the four substrates tested (soil, sand, pumice stone and vermiculite), pumice was the most preferable material. Comparing carbon supplementation using methanol and molasses, methanol was chosen as the carbon source because it provided a higher denitrification rate than molasses. When methanol was applied at the optimal COD:N ratio of 5:1, a nitrate removal rate of 4591 ± 133 mg-N/m2 tank bottom area/day was achieved. Finally, nitrate removal using an 80 L denitrification tank was evaluated with a 610 L recirculating tilapia culture system. Nitrate treatment was performed by batch transferring high nitrate water from the nitrification tank into the denitrification tank and mixing with methanol at a COD:N ratio of 5:1. The results from five batches of nitrate treatment revealed that nitrate was successfully removed from water without the accumulation of nitrite and ammonia. The average nitrate removal efficiency was 85.17% and the average denitrification rate of the denitrification tank was 6311 ± 945 mg-N/m2 tank bottom area/day or 126 ± 18 mg-N/L of pumice packing volume/day.     

部分反硝化耦合厌氧氨氧化IFAS系统脱氮性能

采用部分反硝化活性污泥耦合厌氧氨氧化生物膜处理低碳氮比废水(C/TN=1.63),考察生物膜-活性污泥复合系统(IFAS)进行部分反硝化耦合厌氧氨氧化(PD/A)处理低碳氮比废水的可行性及其耦合后两相中功能菌活性与菌群分布变化规律.结果显示,系统耦合运行期间,出水TN为(5.07±0.2)mg/L,去除率为(90.7±0.1)%,厌氧氨氧化途径对TN去除的贡献率高达(86.61±3.4)%;固着相对厌氧氨氧化活性的贡献率为100%,悬浮相上,μ(NO3--N)占比为99.32%,μ(NO2--N)占比为99.22%;与耦合前相比,悬浮相中硝酸盐还原酶(Nar)活性由(0.43±0.05)μmol/(mgprotein·min)增加至(0.49±0.09)μmol/(mgprotein·min),亚硝酸盐转化率明显升高[(70±2.2)%～(90.01±2.3)%];IlluminaMiSeq结果显示,固着相上的优势菌属为Candidatus＿Brocadia,且耦合前后丰度无明显变化(33.61%～33.43%),悬浮相上反硝化菌属Prosthecobacter,Ferruginiba...     

生物循环流化床工艺自养反硝化研究

对城市污水厂排水进行深度处理时,生物循环流化床提供的兼性环境有利于好氧硝化细菌和兼性厌氧自养反硝化细菌的生长,自养反硝化细菌可以在低有机碳源的情况下,以硫为电子供体进行自养反硝化从而去除NO₃--N. 试验以硫作为反硝化的电子供体引入自主研发的生物循环流化床中进行脱氮,试验进水各项指标参照北京市水污染物排放标准(DB11 307-2005)二级限值. 在6个不同的工况下运行,工况5出水水质可达到国家再生利用景观环境用水的水质,出水ρ(NO₃--N)为9.23 mg/L,去除率为70.61%;出水ρ(NH₄+-N)为2.36 mg/L,去除率为77.54%;出水ρ(TN)为13.53 mg/L,去除率为68.91%;出水ρ(SO₄2-)为245.15 mg/L,去除的NO₃－-N与生成的SO₄2－质量比为1∶7.7.      

反硝化除磷工艺实现亚硝酸盐积累的参数优化

为促进反硝化除磷与厌氧氨氧化工艺的耦合,实现污水氮、磷的同步高效去除,构建序批式反应器(Sequencing batch reactor,SBR),优化了反硝化除磷工艺实现亚硝酸盐积累的工艺参数.SBR在厌氧-缺氧-微好氧运行条件下,缺氧段投加模拟硝酸盐工业废水逐步实现了反硝化除磷过程的亚硝酸盐积累.结果表明,经过142d的培养驯化,在进水C/P比为55时,缺氧段引入NO₃^--N浓度为23mg/L时,亚硝酸盐积累率为51.01%,NO₃^--N→NO₂^--N转化率为40.22%,硝酸盐去除率为72.14%,PO₄^3--P去除率最高达88.17%.出水COD浓度低于25mg/L,COD去除率维持在90%以上.微生物群落结构分析表明,拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)为系统内优势菌门.通过参数优化实现了聚磷菌的驯化,Candidatus Accumulibacter为代表的反硝化聚磷菌丰度增加(累积丰度由1.49%增加到5.08%),以Candidatus Competibacter为代表的反硝化聚糖菌丰度增加更为明显(累积丰度由1.02%增加到15.49%),聚磷菌与聚糖菌的共同作用有利于实现除磷过程的亚硝酸盐累积.     

基于DGAOs富集的内碳源短程硝化反硝化工艺特性

采用序批式生物反应器（SBR）,以厌氧-好氧-缺氧的运行方式,研究了低C/N比下内碳源驱动的短程硝化反硝化工艺运行性能.结果表明,反应器内可同时富集反硝化聚糖菌（DGAOs）和氨氧化细菌（AOB）.DGAOs可以利用聚-β-羟基脂肪酸酯（PHA）为内碳源进行反硝化,且利用的PHA中PHB （聚-β-羟基丁酸酯）占主要部分.稳定运行后,第39d厌氧末期污泥胞内存储物质在荧光显微镜下清晰可见,内碳源存储的PHA在缺氧阶段净消耗量为2.34mmol C/L,较文献报道值高29%.经过55d的驯化后,SBR系统达到了较为稳定的脱氮效果,平均氨氮去除率为（93.13%±4.91%）,内碳源反硝化效率为（49.62%±8.97%）.驯化后的污泥淘汰了反硝化聚磷菌（DPAOs）和亚硝酸盐氧化菌（NOB）,富集了DGAOs和AOB,其丰度从接种时的0.13%和0.20%分别上升到7.13%和1.11%,实现了低C/N下内碳源驱动短程硝化反硝化.     

反硝化生物滤池的挂膜与启动

研究了反硝化生物滤池的挂膜与启动过程,为反硝化生物滤池的挂膜过程提供理论依据。在滤速1．2ngh（HRT=20min）时,当反硝化生物滤池运行到第25天时,进水硝态氮质量浓度由50mg／L左右下降到25mg／L左右时,硝态氮去除负荷由1．18kg／（m^3·d）下降到1．10kg／（m^3·d）,负荷变化很小,说明挂膜成功。在反硝化生物滤池中,氨氮主要由反硝化细菌的合成作用去除,去除率不高。在碳源和硝态氮浓度都充足的情况下,反硝化反应遵循零级反应动力学规律,反硝化速率与污染物浓度无关,只与反硝化菌的数量有关。     

含水层介质中1株异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌的分离鉴定与脱氮性能

从受氮污染浅层含水层介质中分离纯化得到1株高效异养硝化-好氧反硝化细菌XK51,经过菌落形态、生理生化特性及16S rDNA基因序列分析,鉴定该菌株为假单胞菌属恶臭假单胞菌(Pseudomonas Putida)。脱氮性能结果表明:XK51为兼性反硝化细菌,能在好氧或缺厌氧条件下高效反硝化脱氮,最大和平均反硝化速率分别为27.3,4.4 mg/(L·h),硝酸盐脱除率为95.3%;该菌株同时具有较高异养硝化能力,最大和平均硝化速率分别为4.2,1.4 mg/(L·h),氨氮脱除率为98.5%。XK51最佳碳源为柠檬酸三钠,适宜生长温度为28~35 ℃,最适温度为30 ℃;适宜生长pH为6.5~8.0,最适pH为7.0。XK51可同时进行异养硝化及同步硝化-反硝化,培养期间未出现明显亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐累积,在含氮污废水处理和地下水氮污染修复方面具有潜在工程应用价值。     

利用固相反硝化同时去除水中硝酸盐和4-氯酚

研究了固相反硝化技术同时去除水中硝酸盐和4-氯酚的可行性.结果表明,以可降解餐盒为碳源和微生物附着载体进行异养反硝化,能有效去除水中的硝酸盐.在批式实验条件下,当NO^-₃-N初始浓度为50 mg/L时,平均反硝化速率为24.0 mg/(L·h).当4-氯酚浓度低于30 mg/L时,对反硝化脱氮有促进作用;大于40 mg/L时,对反硝化有抑制作用.在反硝化条件下,当4-氯酚的初始浓度分别为5 mg/L和30 mg/L时,8　h后其去除率分别为90%和71%,4-氯酚的去除是由于可降解餐盒的吸附作用及附着微生物的降解作用.     

高效好氧反硝化细菌的筛选及脱氮特性的研究

由焦化废水生化处理站曝气池驯化后的活性污泥分离纯化得到三株好氧反硝化细菌,通过脱硝酸盐氮对比实验得到一株高效好氧反硝化细菌F10分别在不同温度(20-40℃)、pH(5.5-8.0)、C/N比(白糖与KNO3质量比1.0-2.0)、焦化废水COD(500-1 000mg/L)稀释液的条件下确定好氧反硝化优势菌脱氮的最佳...     

Effect of air-exposed biocathode on the performance of a Thauera-dominated membraneless single-chamber microbial fuel cell (SCMFC)

To investigate the effect of air-exposed biocathode(AEB) on the performance of singlechamber microbial fuel cell(SCMFC), wastewater quality, bioelectrochemical characteristics and the electrode biofilms were researched. It was demonstrated that exposing the biocathode to air was beneficial to nitrogen removal and current generation. In Test 1 of 95%AEB, removal rates of ammonia, total nitrogen(TN) and chemical oxygen demand(COD)reached 99.34% ± 0.11%, 99.34% ± 0.10% and 90.79% ± 0.12%, respectively. The nitrogen removal loading rates were 36.38 g N/m~3/day. Meanwhile, current density and power density obtained at 0.7 A/m3 and 104 m W/m~3 respectively. Further experiments on opencircuit(Test 2) and carbon source(Test 3) indicated that this high performance could be attributed to simultaneous biological nitrification/denitrification and aerobic denitrification, as well as bioelectrochemical denitrification. Results of community analysis demonstrated that both microbial community structures on the surface of the cathode and in the liquid of the chamber were different. The percentage of Thauera, identified as denitrifying bacteria, maintained at a high level of over 50% in water, but decreased gradually in the AEB. Moreover, the genus Nitrosomonas, Alishewanella, Arcobacter and Rheinheimera were significantly enriched in the AEB, which might contribute to both enhancement of nitrogen removal and electricity generation.     

Bioaugmentation with a pyridine-degrading bacterium in a membrane bioreactor treating pharmaceutical wastewater

The bacterial strain Paracoccus denitrificans W12, which could utilize pyridine as its sole source of carbon and nitrogen, was added into a membrane bioreactor （MBR） to enhance the treatment of a pharmaceutical wastewater. The treatment efliciencies investigated showed that the removal of chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus were similar between bioaugmented and non-bioaugmented MBRs, however, significant removal of pyridine was obtained in the bioaugmented reactor. When the hydraulic retention time was 60 hr and the influent concentration of pyridine was 250-500 mg/L, the mean effluent concentration of pyridine without adding W12 was 57.2 mg/L, while the pyridine was degraded to an average of 10.2 mg/L with addition of W12. The bacterial community structure of activated sludge during the bioaugmented treatment was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （PCR-DGGE）. The results showed that the W12 inoculum reversed the decline of microbial community diversity, however, the similarity between bacterial community structure of the original sludge and that of the sludge after bioaugmentation decreased steadily during the wastewater treatment. Sequencing of the DNA recovered from DGGE gel indicated that sp., Sphingobium sp., Comamonas sp., and Hyphomicrobium sp. were the dominant organisms in time sequence in the bacterial community in the bioaugmented MBR. This implied that the bioaugmentation was affected by the adjustment of whole bacterial community structure in the inhospitable environment, rather than being due solely to the degradation performance of the bacterium added.     

高含氟的光伏废水反硝化可行性及经济性分析

在多晶硅废水处理过程中,为了减少先除氟后脱氮工艺中酸碱的投加量.本实验运行反硝化反应器研究了先脱氮后除氟工艺中先脱氮的可行性.结果表明,废水中F-浓度对反硝化存在一定的影响.当F-浓度控制在750 mg·L~(-1)左右,反硝化污泥脱氮速率无明显影响,当F-浓度继续增加时,反硝化污泥的脱氮速率逐步降低.在处理含F-(浓度控制在800 mg·L~(-1))多晶硅清洗废水时,反硝化污泥的脱氮性能无明显影响,经过93 d的运行,总氮出水稳定在50 mg·L~(-1)以内,总氮去除率达到90%以上,去除速率达到5 kg·(m~3·d)~(-1).经计算,与传统先除氟后脱氮工艺相比,可节省大约70%的碱投加量和100%的酸投加量,极大地降低废水处理成本.     

异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌脱氮同时降解苯酚特性

研究了异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌Diaphorobacter sp. PDB3去除氨氮同时降解苯酚的特性.在最佳碳氮比7和摇床转速160r/min下,该菌在21h内对初始浓度365mg/L苯酚的降解率达94.9%,总有机碳去除率达90.8%,同时40mg N/L氨氮被完全去除,中间代谢物硝态氮和亚硝态氮逐渐积累并在后期降低.氮平衡分析表明,52.3%的氨氮转化为胞内氮,37.2%转化为氮气,菌株主要通过细胞同化作用和异养硝化-好氧反硝化作用去除氨氮.检测到羟胺氧化酶、硝酸还原酶及亚硝酸还原酶活性,表明菌株PDB3具有完整的异养硝化-好氧反硝化偶联途径.随着苯酚浓度升高,抑制作用增强,脱氮效率降低.     

以稻草为碳源和生物膜载体去除水中的硝酸盐

采用室内试验装置,研究了以农业废弃物稻草为反硝化碳源和反应介质的生物反应器对于污水中硝酸盐的去除效果及其影响因素.结果表明,以稻草为反硝化碳源和生物膜载体的反应器启动时间短,对污水中硝酸盐氮的去除效果好,且试验过程中未发现亚硝酸盐累积;进水硝酸盐浓度对装置的处理效果有一定影响,浓度过高会导致硝酸盐的去除率下降;装置对进水DO和ｐH变化有一定抗性,DO在1.0～3.5 mg/L,pH在6.5～8.5之间变化时,反应器硝酸盐的去除率变化很小,缓冲能力较强;反应器稳定性强,装置运行84 ｄ后,出水硝酸盐开始升高,硝酸盐去除率逐步降低,但去除率仍在50%以上.     

3BER-S耦合脱氮系统运行特性研究

为了强化三维电极生物膜脱氮工艺(3BER)的脱氮效果,将3BER与硫自养反硝化技术耦合成3BER-S工艺,用于低碳氮比城市污水厂尾水的深度脱氮处理.与3BER对比研究结果表明,3BER-S工艺在TN去除率、系统pH平衡能力和NO2--N积累方面均优于3BER工艺;当进水C(NO3--N)= 35±2mg/L,TOC:N:P=10.7:10:1,pH=7.0~7.5时,3BER-S耦合工艺对TN和NO3--N的去除效率分别为85%和94%,分别比3BER高15%和10%;出水中NO2--N的浓度为3.04mg/L,比3BER低2mg/L.3BER-S中硫自养反硝化作用定量分析表明,硫自养脱氮作用在整个脱氮过程中所占比例为14.07%,单质硫的有效利用率达到79.5%,硫自养反硝化过程对稳定3BER-S系统出水pH值起重要作用.根据3BER-S中微生物基于反硝化细菌特异性基因nirS的克隆文库结果,系统中反硝化细菌都与β变形菌纲中的细菌有较高的同源性,其中61.41%的反硝化细菌属于陶厄氏菌属(Thauera);脱氮硫杆菌和嗜酸菌属(Acidovorax)分别占3.50%和19.30%.表明当碳源比较充足时,3BER-S工艺的脱氮作用主要以异养反硝化过程为主,以单质硫和氢为电子供体的自养反硝化脱氮作用也占有一定比例.     

包埋固定化微生物的硫自养反硝化实验研究

采用升流式颗粒污泥床,外加Na<,2>S<,2>O<,3>作为电子供体,在室温下连续运行220 d,结合硫自养反硝化与固定化包埋技术进行脱氮实验,考察包埋颗粒的驯化条件、影响因素和最佳运行条件.进水负荷(以N计)维持0.22 kg/(m<'3>·d),包埋颗粒经23 d驯化成功,NO<'-><,3>-N(100 mg/...