对移动通信基站环境监测布点的讨论

文章依据国家有关电磁辐射环境监测的标准，从移动通信基站天线向周围辐射电磁波的特点出发，考虑基站天线电磁辐射的主瓣、副瓣和盲区3种情况，对移动通信基站周围电磁辐射环境监测的范围、布点方式和点位确定进行了讨论。     

达州市124个电信4G LTE基站电磁辐射监测及分析

通过对达州市124个电信LTE基站电磁辐射的监测,根据楼顶基站和地面基站不同位置的监测数据,分析移动通信基站周围电磁辐射现状,提出减少移动通信基站对周围居民电磁辐射影响的环境保护措施,为环境管理部门作出整治方案提供思路。     

西宁市TD—SCDMA宏蜂窝基站周围环境电磁辐射水平调查

文章通过对西宁市216个TD—SCDMA宏蜂窝基站周围环境电磁辐射水平的监测,评价了移动通信基站对周围环境的影响,提出减少移动通信基站电磁辐射污染的防范措施。     

高层天台移动通信天线电磁辐射影响水平探讨

监测并分析移动通信基站在高层建筑天台架设的定向天线对周围环境的电磁辐射影响水平，探讨高层建筑天台电磁辐射环境的污染防治对策。     

超标移动通信基站的判定及整改方法探讨

移动通信基站在满足人民群众日益增长的通信需求的同时,如果站址或其他参数选择不当,则可能引发电磁环境污染。本文介绍了移动通信基站电磁辐射环境执行的国家标准,结合移动通信基站的原理,提出超标移动通信基站的判定思路,并根据日常工作经验,对超标基站进行分类汇总,确定整改原则,对不同类型的超标基站给出相应的整改方法。     

关于《5G移动通信基站电磁辐射环境监测方法(试行)》监测工况的探讨

为完善《5G移动通信基站电磁辐射环境监测方法(试行)》标准,解决可能存在的按照试行标准监测工况得到的结果与实际5G基站电磁辐射值不一致的问题,对5G基站电磁辐射原理与5G业务流量模型进行了理论分析,用实验验证的方法探讨了不同监测工况(即5G业务流量模型)对5G基站电磁辐射监测结果的影响,提出了一种新的基于5G业务流量模型的监测工况定义,并建议以标准实施细则的方式予以施行。     

南充市移动通信基站电磁辐射环境调查及防护

调查该地区移动通信基站周围环境电磁辐射现状,采用PMM8053B主机及EP33M探头对62台基站电磁辐射综合场强和功率密度进行测量和分析,分别从点位、基站制式以及基站分布地域差异3方面特征分析功率密度变化规律,并给出相应的防护意见。结果表明调查的基站周围电磁辐射功率密度均未超过国家标准限值。     

新疆乌鲁木齐市移动通信基站电磁辐射监测与污染状况分析

为了明确乌鲁木齐市因移动通信基站引起的电磁辐射污染状况,对乌鲁木齐市内1 330座移动通信基站的电磁辐射水平进行现场监测,结果显示,所测基站电磁辐射强度综合场强的最大值为7. 2μW/cm~2,低于国家规定的环境管理目标8μW/cm~2,对基站的测点结果分析表明,电磁辐射强度综合场强的区间主要分布在0. 2～2 V/m内,数据占比超过92%,表明乌鲁木齐市因移动基站引起的电磁辐射对环境的影响小。此外,公众应正确科学的对待电磁辐射,运营商应依据相关行业标准和法规合理、规范的架设通信基站。     

5G移动通信基站电磁辐射监测波束引导必要性研究

第五代移动通信技术迅猛发展,随着国内5G通信基站的大量建设,其电磁辐射也成为环境监测和公众关注的焦点。5G通信基站使用了智能天线和3D波束赋形等技术,监测是否需要引导天线指向监测位置,成为必须明确的问题。以成都市某5G通信基站为实例,对该基站在无终端接入、有通信终端接入条件下进行波束引导的监测方式及电磁辐射规律进行了分析。     

5G移动通信基站电磁辐射理论模拟及实测验证研究

由于采用大规模天线阵列(Massive-MIMO)等技术,5G移动通信基站在不同应用场景和终端集中程度下的电磁辐射强度有明显差异。为探讨5G移动通讯基站电磁辐射影响预测方法,参照国际电工委员会标准(IEC 62232)模拟5G基站射频电磁强度,设置并建立了天线NR下行PRB平均利用率为65.88%～98.58%和小区下行有效吞吐率为885.29～1147.30 Mbps的实际应用场景。同时,利用建立形成的稳定强电磁窄波,实测连续6分钟方均根检波示值,采用皮尔逊相关分析法对监测结果进行分析,发现实测值与理论模拟结果具有良好的相符性(p>0.95)。本研究可为5G基站电磁辐射环境监测的规范操作提供参考,也可为开展基站射频辐射强度模拟计算提供数据验证。     

GSM移动通信基站电磁辐射环境影响分析

本文阐述了电磁辐射的相关理论、电磁辐射环境的评价标准以及基站的工作原理,对电磁环境进行了理论预测,对不同的天线增益下的电磁辐射功率密度值进行了计算,得到了在天线增益15dBi、17dBi和18dBi三种情况下与天线不同直线距离的预测点的功率密度预测值,并对功率密度预测值进行了分析。     

A Parallel Study of SAR Levels in Head Tissues for Three Antennas Used in Cellular Telephones: Monopole, Helix and Patch

Summary This paper is a comparative study of several antennas commonly used in cellular telephones. These include a monopole, a helix-monopole and a patch antenna. Each one of these structures is modeled and numerically tested using finite-difference time-domain simulation and human models based on magnetic-resonance images, which allow for inclusion of details of the human body in the simulation. The testing procedure involves antenna simulation in the proximity of the human head. The behavior of each antenna is evaluated for variable distances from the head geometry (0, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 mm). Continuous waveform, representative of the sources used in mobile telephones, (250 mW, 1.8 GHz) is used as the form of the antenna excitation. The simulation outputs used as measures for this comparative study include transmitting and receiving antenna characteristics and the specific absorption rate (SAR). The SAR levels for the head tissues are calculated for and with accordance to the two currently accepted standards: Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). The computed SAR levels within each of the considered tissues vary for the three antennas under investigation and are within the determined health safety standards. Results suggest that the patch antenna may be the structure of choice when considering safety standards, as its radiation yields the lowest local SAR in the head tissues.     

手机基站电磁辐射问题释疑

本文就社会普遍关心的手机基站电磁辐射对人体健康的影响问题,从基站电磁辐射属性,强度,对人体健康的影响等,作了较为详细的论述。     

A Graphical Method for the Estimation of Radiation Hazards from a Crowded Multiple Antenna Site

Summary The major objective of the design of safe crowded transmitting antenna sites is not only to determine a safe zone around each individual antenna; rather, to establish safety areas at the antenna site itself, as well as, at the neighboring areas. The requirement is to ascertain the safety regions by considering the following parameters at each Test Point (TP) (or area segment): the contribution of N co-located radiating antennas to the total radiation incident at the TP, the radiation pattern of each antenna, the near/far field region of each antenna, and most importantly, the different Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs) associated with each operating frequency at the antenna site. Implementation of all the above-mentioned aspects in a suitable computer requires resources that only expert knowledgeable organizations possess. The graphically aided tool presented in this paper facilitates the calculation of a “safety zone” for RADHAZ around a crowded antenna site from the knowledge of the “safety ranges” which correspond to the individual transmitting antennas comprising it.     

Analysis of radiation hazards to personnel on marine platforms

The large number of radio frequency (RF) transmitters employed in modern marine platforms requires that they operate in mutual coexistence while posing no danger to operators and equipment despite the limited available physical space. A key to the successful system integration is the control of the electromagnetic environment on the ships’ topsides, which might pose radiation hazards (RADHAZ) to personnel (HERP). HERP are caused by transmitter antenna installations that generate intentional EM radiation in excess of the safe levels in zones of personnel activity. Radiation safety to personnel is achieved when the average radiation power density is below the permissible exposure limits (PEL) for HERP at locations of personnel activity and medical equipment operation. This paper describes the analysis tools and techniques for the evaluation of HERP on marine platforms. The same approaches could be employed in the analysis of land site antenna deployment scenarios.     

对新疆当前电磁辐射环境管理的认识

随着现代科学技术的进步和发展,在电磁辐射的运用范围越来越广的同时其污染水平也在不断增高,人类生存的环境也在不断受到电磁辐射的影响,加强电磁辐射环境管理已势在必行。通信系统电磁辐射应是新疆当前电磁辐射环境管理的重点。     

银川市电磁辐射污染源现状及防治对策分析

近年来,随着银川市经济的高速发展,讯息产业和社会信息化程度不断提高,伴有电磁辐射的活动也在迅速增加,电磁辐射是一重要的环境污染要素,其危害性越来越受到社会公众的重视和关心。为了掌握银川市电磁辐射环境污染源的特点,了解各类电磁辐射设备的数量及分布,对电磁辐射环境的现状和发展趋势做一分析,并提出了对银川市电磁辐射环境的管理对策。     

电磁辐射污染投诉原因分析及解决办法探讨

近年来,随着经济的发展,高压输变电工程和移动通信基站越来越多地落户于大型居民小区,由此引发的环境投诉和纠纷呈快速上涨趋势。电磁辐射污染投诉产生的原因主要是:电磁辐射环境管理法制不健全,思想上不重视,项目环保审批环节脱节,环保与规划部门信息交流不畅,公众维权意识增强,寻求其他经济利益;针对原因提出的预防和解决办法为:加强法制建设、强化现场监管,理顺项目审批和监管程序,建立与规划部门的联动机制,加强宣传,引导司法解决。     

Interaction Between GSM Handset Helical Antenna and User's Head: Theoretical Analysis and Experimental Results

Summary The performance of a cellular phone commercial helical antenna at 900~MHz band, both in free space and in the presence of a human head phantom was studied. Numerical simulation of the phone model for the latter case has been performed giving 3D radiation diagrams. The effect of the phantom head on radiation diagrams is presented. The relative amount of the EM power absorbed in the head was obtained for several distances of the phone. Measurements were carried out in a RF anechoic chamber using standard horn antennas and a calibrated measuring system. Absolute radiation patterns of the antenna gain were obtained in the three principal planes. Significant reduction of the absorbed power could be achieved just by moving the phone 1 cm away from the head.     

Effects of in vitro exposure to GSM900 electromagnetic field on human erythrocytes

High frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF) are widely used for transmitting of radio and TV signals, in wireless communications, etc. A huge number of people are exposed so the possible risk to human health from telecommunication technologies could be significant even if biological effects are slight. The study of the biological effects of RF EM radiation could contribute to better understanding of the possible health hazards. The levels of released hemoglobin serve as an indicator of hemolysis, caused by increased membrane fragility. This study was designed to investigate the alterations in hemoglobin release after in vitro exposure of human erythrocytes to GSM900 electromagnetic field. Erythrocyte suspensions with two different cell concentrations (hematocrit 20% and 40%) were exposed to EM radiation from GSM mobile phone (carrier frequency 902 MHz, 2 W output power in pulse) for 20 min in two different positions in relation to telephone antenna: Position 1 is in the centre of the major lobe of the azimuth antenna pattern and Position 2 is between major and back lobes. Alterations in hemolysis were registered 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 min after the treatment. Hemolysis was determined by measuring the absorbance of hemoglobin at 413 nm in the supernatant obtained by centrifuging the suspensions. Hemolysis was expressed as hemoglobin concentration. Our data indicated decrease in the hemoglobin level in irradiated suspensions. The GSM900 EMF exposure probably stabilized erythrocyte membrane and caused reduction in the hemolysis depending on the EMF parameters, on the suspension water content (hematocrit) and on the time elapsed after irradiation.