黄山自然风景保护区种子植物多样性的开发利用

黄山自然风景保护区自然条件优越,森林植被垂直分布明显,种子植物丰富,有134科655属1483种,其中国家重点保护植物有31种.由于旅游的发展,种子植物多样性受到威胁,应加强种子植物的保护.     

广西喀斯特地区的开发与珍稀濒危植物保护

广西喀斯特岩溶石山面积占全区总面积的33.3%,森林植被的严重破坏是这些地区贫困落后的主要原因。对广西喀斯特地区的综合治理开发,要重视对森林植被及珍稀濒危植物的保护。该区至少有290种石山植物为珍稀濒危植物,它们中许多有重要经济用途,在保护的基础上,引种发展一些种类是山区脱贫致富的一条途径。     

大兴安岭地区—全面实施生态发展战略

黑龙江省大兴安岭地区位于我国最北部,全区总面积83049ｋｍ2,森林覆盖率7443%,湿地面积45万公顷。区域内河流属黑龙江和嫩江水系,流域面积在1000ｋｍ2以上的河流有25条。大兴安岭林区是我国最大的国有林区之一,具有丰富的野生动植物资源,现有植物939种,兽类56种,鸟类257种,森林昆虫444种,其中被列为国家Ⅰ类保护的兽类有2种,鸟类有4种。大兴安岭林区做为我国重要的木材生产基地,一直以采伐天然林为主。由于历史的原因和开发初期指导思想的偏差,忽视了森林在维护生态平衡中不可替代的作用,加之森林火灾等原因,使森林资源过度消耗,分布范围缩…     

重庆蛇葡萄属药用植物资源研究

经调查鉴定，重庆蛇葡萄属药用植物有8种8变种，其中乌头叶蛇葡萄、显齿蛇葡萄为重庆新分布种。重点介绍了它们的医疗用途、地理分布、资源状况及其开发前景，为进一步开发利用重庆市丰富的蛇葡萄属植物资源提供科学依据。     

黄山植物资源的永续利用

黄山是一座驰名中外的旅游名山,被联合国列入世界文化和自然遗产.黄山的生物资源十分丰富,有高等植物222科827属1800余种,其中中国特有属种植物22个、珍稀濒危及国家保护植物25种、以黄山命名的植物8种、以黄山称谓的植物20余种以及众多的古树名木.对黄山生物资源的永续利用提出了几点建议.     

牯牛降生物资源和旅游资源的永续利用

牯牛降自然保护区是安徽省第一个以保护森林生态系统为主的国家级综合自然保护区,保护区生物资源丰富,有维管植物180科672属1220余种,脊椎动物37目82科193属271种,珍稀濒危和国家重点保护野生植物31种,中国特有属种20个,珍稀保护动物29种,还拥有丰富的旅游资源.对牯牛降自然保护区的生物资源和旅游资源永续利用提出了4点建议.     

安徽蔷薇属植物种质资源及其开发利用

根据近10年的调查研究,初步查清安徽省蔷薇科蔷薇属植物共有13种8变种6变型,叙述了安徽蔷薇属植物资源分布状况、主要用途及开发利用途径,并对开发利用提出了建议.     

川南野生资源植物的开发利用

川南地处四川盆地南部,长江上游,属大娄山北翼,西南以金沙江为界,与云南相邻,雷波和马边紧靠小凉山,海拔最高为4000m。该区属中亚热带气候,地貌、土壤、水文等自然条件复杂。由于自然条件优越,所以植物种类丰富,植物资源在全川占有一定的地位。一、野生资源植物现状 1.珍稀植物据“国家保护植物名录”确定,在我国第一批354种重点保护植物中,川南地区共有44种,占全国保护植物的12.7％,占四川省保护植物的1/2以上。     

北戴河滨海森林植物资源种类及群落结构调查分析

对北戴河滨海区域森林景观植物资源种类及群落结构进行了实地调查和分析。结果表明:(1)所选样地植物种类共121种,其中园林观赏植物72种,滨海野生植物49种;(2)群落结构的模式主要以"乔+灌+草"为主。针对树种单一、乡土植物应用比例偏低、季相景观营造等问题,提出了丰富和补充植物种类,提高乡土植物应用比例,并协调搭配常绿植物与落叶植物,适当应用色叶树种等建议,营造北方滨海区域特色森林景观。     

黄山市水生维管植物资源的永续利用

研究了黄山市水生维管植物资源的种类、生境、组成特点、经济价值以及外来入侵物种的概况。结果表明，黄山地区水生维管植物约有32科57属112种（包括种下分类单位），各科亲缘关系较远，许多科仅有1属的少数种为水生的。就其永续利用提出了建议。     

乌蒙山山脉药用植物资源调查研究

通过野外考察、标本采集、资料查阅整理及标本鉴定,对乌蒙山山脉药用植物资源进行了调查。结果表明,乌蒙山山脉共有药用植物272科1189属3184种（含变种和亚种）,其中地衣植物8科9属13种、苔藓植物40科74属116种、蕨类植物45科108属358种、裸子植物10科22属37种、被子植物169科976属2660种。对其物种组成、生态类型、分布、优势科属、药用部位、功效等进行了统计分析,对常用中药、国家重点保护野生药材、民间习用药物进行了简要介绍,并对其开发利用提出了建议。     

奇台县退耕还林标准化实践探索

新疆奇台县位于天山北麓准噶尔盆地东南缘,2001年被国家林业局确定为退耕还林还草标准化示范县,项目实施以来,奇台县根据自身的情况和特点制定了抗旱集水保墒整地、重点防护林整地、树草种选择、生态公益林配置等切实可行的林业行业标准,并通过两个重点、八种模式、四种机制的林业工程建设,使得奇台县的退耕还林工作在全疆范围内发挥了很好的示范作用。     

秦岭北坡森林公园空气负离子资源的开发利用

基于已有的观测资料,分析了秦岭北坡森林公园空气负离子的分布特点,并对各森林公园的区位特性进行了评价,指出开发利用秦岭北坡森林公园空气负离子资源的必要性、可行性、存在的问题与对策.     

黄山市野生兰科植物资源的开发利用

安徽省黄山市有野生兰科植物24属36种，是安徽省兰科植物的集中分布区，且多数种类都具有观赏和药用价值。分析了开发利用中存在的问题，并就其永续利用提出了建议。     

Comparison of Agroforests and Protected Forests in the East Usambara Mountains,Tanzania

Comparative studies on plant species richness, endemism, floristic composition, and structure between protected and unprotected forests are few in the Eastern Arc Mountains, one of the most biodiverse ecosystems in Africa. This study from one mountain range, the East Usambaras, examines floristic and structural tree data from 41–0.5 ha plots in four types of Eastern Arc forest: active agroforests, recently abandoned agroforests, mature secondary forest, and natural forest. Active agroforests had significantly lower tree species richness, endemic species richness, and stand density compared to natural and mature secondary forest. Recently abandoned agroforests contained a higher tree species richness, density, and tree height than active agroforests. Active and abandoned agroforests were dominated by an invasive tree, Maesopsis eminii. This tree species makes up a large percentage of the stems in active agroforests (26%), recently abandoned agroforests (32%), and in the canopy of mature secondary forests ∼ 30 years post logging (30%). Through time the increasing dominance of this non-native tree in active agroforests is a concern when considering the role of agroforests in a landscape scale conservation strategy.     

重庆华蓥山山脉药用植物资源调查研究

通过野外考察、标本采集、资料查阅整理及标本鉴定,对重庆华蓥山山山脉药用植物资源进行了调查.结果表明,重庆华蓥山共有药用植物240科1017属2251种(含变种和亚种),其中地衣植物5科8属11种、苔藓植物23科30属36种、蕨类植物40科82属190种、裸子植物9科17属25种、被子植物163科880属1989种.对其种类组成、分布、药用部位、疗效等进行了统计分析,对民间习用药物做了简要介绍,并对其开发利用提出了建议.     

Assessing Ecological Integrity of Ozark Rivers to Determine Suitability for Protective Status

Preservation of extraordinary natural resources, protection of water quality, and restoration of impaired waters require a strategy to identify and protect least-disturbed streams and rivers. We applied two objective, quantitative methods to determine stream ecological integrity of headwater reaches of 10 Ozark rivers, 5 with Wild and Scenic River federal protective status. Thirty-four variables representing macroinvertebrate and fish assemblage characteristics, in-stream habitat, riparian vegetation, water quality, and watershed attributes were quantified for each river and analyzed using two multivariate approaches. The first approach, cluster and discriminant analyses, identified two groups of river with only one variable (% forested watershed) reliably distinguishing groups. Our second approach employed ordinal scaling to compare variables for each river to conceptually ideal conditions that were developed as a composite of optimal attributes among the 10 rivers. The composite distance of each river from ideal was then calculated using a unidimensional ranking technique. Two rivers without Wild and Scenic River designation ranked highest relative to ideal (highest ecological integrity), and two others, also without designation, ranked most distant from ideal (lowest ecological integrity). Fish density, number of intolerant fish species, and invertebrate density were influential biotic variables for scaling. Contributing physical variables included riparian forest cover, water nitrate concentration, water turbidity, percentage of forested watershed, percentage of private land ownership, and road density. These methods provide a framework for refinement and application in other regions to facilitate the process of establishing least-disturbed reference conditions and identifying rivers for protection and restoration.     

四姑娘山国家级自然保护区岷江冷杉枯落物及土壤的持水能力研究

通过对四姑娘山国家级自然保护区岷江冷杉林地表土壤和林下枯落物的实验分析,得出四姑娘山自然保护区岷江冷杉林0～40cm深度的土壤层最大贮水量为1694.8 t/hm2,林下枯落物最大持水量为233 t/hm2。四姑娘山自然保护区岷江冷杉林土壤及枯落物持水的最大值为1927.8 t/hm2。     

Habitat classification: A comparison using avian species and guilds

Results of breeding bird censuses in 1979 and 1980 were used to compare the relationships of both species and guilds to forest habitats in the White Mountains of New Hampshire. Several age classes of 11 forest cover types were studied: northern hard-woods (Fagus-Betula-Acer), spruce (Picea), spruce-fir (Picea-Abies), birth (Betula), swamp hardwoods (Acer-Pinus-Tsuga), pine (Pinus strobus andP. resinosa), balsam fir (Abies), aspen (Populus tremuloides andP. grandidentata), northern red oak (Quercus), oak-pine (Quercus-Pinus), and hemlock (Tsuga). All types were even-aged; only northern hardwoods had an additional uneven-aged condition. Forest cover types were also pooled to consider generalized habitats: hardwoods, mixed forest, or softwoods. Results of ordinations based on censuses of 74 bird species indicate that foraging guilds are more related to general cover types than are nesting substrate guilds, but bird species reflect habitat differences to a greater degree than do either guild scheme. Also, considerable overlap occurs in bird species distribution between hardwoods and mixed forests; softwoods show little overlap with other types. Discriminant function and classification analyses revealed that bird species composition can be used to correctly classify general forest habitats more accurately (83.8%) than either foraging (63.2%) or nesting substrate guilds (58.4%). These results indicate that, of the habitats studied, avian species compositions are more characteristic than are foraging or nesting substrate guild composition, which tend to be similar across forest habitats.