悬浮填料生物膜床反应器处理高校生活污水

本研究利用悬浮填料生物膜床反应器处理高校生活污水 ,对CODCr、氨氮和总磷有较好的去除效果。水力停留时间 6h时 ,CODCr总去除率最高可达到 95 % ,出水CODCr稳定在 30mg/L以下 ;总磷去除率达到 5 0 %以上 ,出水总磷含量低于 0 5mg/L ;对NH3 N的去除率可以稳定在 80 %以上 ,出水NH3 N低于 1mg/L。     

化学生物絮凝与化学絮凝工艺处理城市污水--加药量对污染物去除效果的影响

化学生物絮凝工艺是利用将化学和生物协同絮凝作用处理污水的强化一级新工艺.试验通过在不同加药量情况下化学生物絮凝和化学絮凝工艺的中试试验对比研究,得出在相同加药量条件下,化学生物絮凝污染物去除效率均优于化学絮凝工艺10%～20%.在70 mg/L液体聚合氯化铝铁复配0.5 mg/L PAM的加药条件下,化学生物絮凝工艺经过30 min的水力停留时间,在进水CODCr为100～260 mg/L,TP为2～4 mg/L,SS为80～150 mg/L,NH3-N为10～25 mg/L条件下,出水CODCr、TP、SS、NH3-N满足城镇污水处理厂污染物排放二级标准.     

厌氧膨胀颗粒污泥床处理高浓度链霉素含硫有机废水试验研究

介绍了采用厌氧膨胀颗粒污泥床 (EGSB)反应器 -生物接触氧化法日处理 2 0 0t高浓度链霉素含硫有机废水的生产性试验研究。试验结果表明 ,厌氧EGSB反应器在控制中温发酵 (35± 1℃ )条件下 ,以低浓度CODCr2 0 0 0— 70 0 0mg/L ,CODCr/SO2 -4=7— 10进水 ,可有效降低反应器中毒性物质的抑制作用 ;进水CODCr在 70 0 0— 130 0 0mg/L ,水力停留时间(HRT)为 3— 5h ,pH值为 6 8— 7 2条件下 ,EGSB的最大容积负荷 15 8kgCODCr/m3 ·d ,对CODCr去除率可达 75 % ,对SO2 -4去除率也可有效地控制在 6 0 %— 70 %。进一步通过好氧生化处理 ,CODCr总去除率可达 91 3%。     

悬浮填料-SBR工艺处理难降解青霉素制药废水的研究

采用悬浮填料 SBR工艺处理青霉素制药废水 ,结果表明 :青霉素废水中含有的抗生素对微生物有抑制作用 ,宜采用非限制曝气的进水方式 ;最佳运行工艺为一周期 8h ,非限制曝气进水 1h ,反应 5h ,沉淀、排水和闲置 2h ;该工艺与单一SBR工艺相比 ,可提高CODCr去除率 2 0 %以上 ,缩短反应时间 2h ;且具有良好的稳定性 ,当进水CODCr浓度变化较大( 80 0— 2 5 0 0mg L)时 ,CODCr去除率一直稳定于 83 %— 85 %之间 ,出水CODCr在 136— 35 0mg L之间 ,达到国家二级排放标准。     

利福平废水的絮凝和生化处理研究

利福平生产的废水COD高达6万,用PFS、C-PAM脱稳,密集网捕式絮凝处理后,COD去除率达27%,BOD5/CODCr从0.19上升到0.32.絮凝前后水质和色谱分析表明,絮凝后5种有机物去除效率均在22%以上,使生化处理成为可能,进生化池废水经稀释后,用活性污泥法处理9天后,COD从1.5万降至COD＜300mg/L,达到治理要求.     

利福平废水的絮凝和生化处理研究

利福平生产的废水COD高达6万,用PFS、C-PAM脱稳,密集网捕式絮凝处理后,COD去除率达27%,BOD5/CODCr从0.19上升到0.32.絮凝前后水质和色谱分析表明,絮凝后5种有机物去除效率均在22%以上,使生化处理成为可能,进生化池废水经稀释后,用活性污泥法处理9天后,COD从1.5万降至COD＜300mg/L,达到治理要求.     

国产轻质陶粒用于厌氧滤池的特性研究

对国产轻质球形陶粒的理化性能、挂膜特性及用于塔式厌氧生物滤池处理有机废水的效果进行了研究 ,表明该种填料适于作厌氧微生物载体。在进水 CODCr为 3 0 0～ 40 0 0 mg/L、CODCr去除率≥ 70 %时 ,CODCr容积负荷为 1.3 8～ 8.0 kg CODCr/(m3·d)。尤为突出的是 ,对于处理 CODCr≤ 3 0 0 mg/L的低浓度有机废水 ,当水力负荷为 2 .12 m3/(m2 · d)时 ,CODCr容积负荷达到 1.3 8kg CODCr/(m3· d) ,CODCr去除率≥ 70 %。     

卷染、轧染高浓度漂染废水处理工程

对 CODCr平均 5 0 0 0 mg/L 的高浓度漂染废水 ,采用物化—水解酸化— SBR—物化处理工艺。系统运行稳定 ,CODCr总去除率在 97%以上 ,出水达到 GB4 2 87- 92《纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准》表 3一级标准。工艺中厌氧水解池的运行效果对整个系统至关重要     

絮凝与生物强化组合技术处理油田含聚污水

针对河南油田采油污水,室内选择4种常用无机絮凝剂与阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)复配,筛选出最佳的絮凝剂用量:聚合氯化铝(PAC)用量为300 mg/L,CPAM用量为10 mg/L。研究了投加HPAM降解菌对油田含聚污水中COD的去除效果,优选出2株以聚合物(HPAM)为唯一碳源的降解菌,通过分子生物学16SrDNA鉴定,XL-1和XL-2菌分别为苏云金芽孢杆菌和溶血不动杆菌。实验结果表明,在温度为30℃,pH为7.5,降解72 h的条件下,XL-1菌的B/C增大了0.11,COD去除率提高了11.03%;XL-2菌的B/C增大了0.07,COD去除率提高了6.3%。油田污水经絮凝-生物强化组合工艺处理后,出水COD平均值为77.1 mg/L,总去除率为73.2%,絮凝段和生化段工艺的COD去除率分别为54.1%和19.1%,达到《污水综合排放标准(GB/T 8978-1996)》排放标准。     

Experimental research of dyeing and printing wastewater treatment by flocculation-MBR combined technology

采用絮凝—膜生物反应器(MBR)组合工艺进行印染废水处理的试验研究.结果表明,调节pH至8.5、搅拌时间为30min时,COD和色度去除效果最佳；而单纯絮凝工艺对印染废水处理效果不理想,最佳运行条件为64 mg/L NaOH+75 mg/L饱和石灰水+0.2 mg/L聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)+3 mg/L硅酸钠+8 mg/L聚合氯化铝(PAC),COD和NH3-N平均去除率分别达到23.91％、31.17％.在上述最佳运行条件下,采用絮凝—MBR组合工艺处理印染废水,效果较显著；出水COD均值可达42.2mg/L,其平均去除率为91.62％;出水NH3-N均值可达6.26 mg/L,其平均去除率为92.43％,出水水质可达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)一级B标准.     

14C-dimethoate residues in olive oil during oil processing

An olive tree was treated twice in the field with 14C-dimethoate (237.7 muCi, 2.4 g) and 14C residues were determined in the olive fruits at harvest. The fruits were crushed and pressed to extract the crude oil, then refined by neutralization, bleaching and deodorization. The crude oil contained 14.1% of the total 14C in the olive fruits. Neutralization resulted in a reduction of 14C by about 50% of the total 14C residues in oil. Bleaching and deodorization processes further reduced the 14C residues and the refined oil contained 31.6% (which corresponds to 4.4% of 14C residues of the total 14C in olive fruits) of the total 14C in the crude oil. Industrially extracted crude oil was fortified with 14C-dimethoate at 1.8 mg kg-1 (0.02 muCi) level and subjected to the same refining process. A sharp decrease in the amount of 14C was observed by neutralization and the amount of 14C remaining in the refined oil was about 7.3% of the total 14C in the crude fortified oil. The data suggest that the 14C residues in the aged and the fortified oil amples were not of the same nature. The terminal 14C residue in the refined oil obtained from the field experiment did not contain dimethoate and/or its oxon.     

14C‐dimethoate residues in olive oil during oil processing

Abstract

An olive tree was treated twice in the field with ¹⁴C‐dimethoate (237.7 (μCi, 2.4 g) and ¹⁴C residues were determined in the olive fruits at harvest. The fruits were crushed and pressed to extract the crude oil, then refined by neutralization, bleaching and deodorization. The crude oil contained 14.1% of the total ¹⁴C in the olive fruits. Neutralization resulted in a reduction of ¹⁴C by about 50% of the total ¹⁴C residues in oil. Bleaching and deodorization processes further reduced the ¹⁴C residues and the refined oil contained 31.6% (which corresponds to 4.4% of ^I4C residues of the total ¹⁴C in olive fruits) of the total ¹⁴C in the crude oil. Industrially extracted crude oil was fortified with ¹⁴C‐dimethoate at 1.8 mg kg^‐1 (0.02 μCi) level and subjected to the same refining process. A sharp decrease in the amount of ¹⁴C was observed by neutralization and the amount of ¹⁴C remaining in the refined oil was about 7.3% of the total ^l4C in the crude fortified oil. The data suggest that the ¹⁴C residues in the aged and the fortified oil amples were not of the same nature. The terminal ¹⁴C residue in the refined oil obtained from the field experiment did not contain dimethoate and/or its oxon.     

生物柴油促进原油污染砂粒释放油

对4种生物柴油促进原油污染砂粒释放油的效果进行了研究,并探讨了菜籽生物柴油投加量和砂粒粒径对促进效果的影响。结果表明,菜籽生物柴油的促进效果最好,8 h释放量达到73%,废油脂生物柴油的效果最差,仅为52%;生物柴油的促进效果随着投加量的增大而升高,当投加量超过海水体积的5%时促进效果不再明显增加;在生物柴油作用下,小粒径砂粒上原油的释放效果优于大粒径砂粒。     

海洋石油工程新型溢油监测系统的研究

随着海洋石油的开采力度的加大,海上平台溢油事故也不断发生。在对传统监测方式的不足和海上溢油监测技术未来发展的趋势进行了综合考虑之后,开发了一套基于紫外诱导荧光探测技术的溢油监测系统。监测系统主要由检测终端、数据采集及异常报警系统和计算机处理及显示终端3个子模块组成,可以实现对海上平台潜在油污染源头信息的实时收集、传输、预警等功能。     

油田含油污泥超声脱油的研究

在油田含油污泥的热洗处理中引入超声辐照处理技术，研究考察了超声脱油技术中超声强度，超声辐照时间，含油污泥预热温度，清洗液用量和清洗液回用4个试验操作条件对污泥脱油的影响，认为在优化条件（超声发生器输出电压175 V，辐照时间15 min，预热温度55 ℃，清洗液和含油污泥以质量比8∶1）下，超声脱油技术可以把污泥的干基油含量由0.35 g/g降低到0.14 g/g，同时也证明清洗液可以反复使用。根据简单的经济核算，处理1 t含油污泥可以产出66元的效益。研究表明，使用超声处理可以有效地提高含油污泥的污油脱除效率，明显降低污泥清洗的操作温度。     

落地油泥土壤性质对超声除油效果的影响

落地油泥是油田产生的一类危险固体废弃物,其无害化处理是目前各大油田所面临的重大挑战之一。为了深入认识超声处理过程中油泥土壤性质与超声处理除油效果之间的关系,以不同油田典型落地油泥为研究对象,超声处理后对其土壤残留含油量、土壤颗粒级配、土壤化学组成等进行分析。结果表明:油泥中土壤颗粒粒径较大的大庆、大港落地油泥经超声处理后的除油效果均在60%以上,而土壤颗粒粒径较小的冀东落地油泥超声除油率仅为11%;同时,超声除油效果较好的大庆、大港落地油泥中的钙氧化物含量较低(分别为4.84%和5.94%),而超声除油效果差的冀东落地油泥中的钙氧化物含量较高(11.57%)。进一步的模拟实验结果表明,钙氧化物含量高的土壤对原油的吸附量大、吸附强度高、超声除油效果差,而钙氧化物含量低的土壤吸附量小、吸附强度低、超声除油效果好。以上结果可为油田落地油泥超声处理技术的开发及规模化应用提供指导。     

Emissions tradeoffs among alternative marine fuels: total fuel cycle analysis of residual oil, marine gas oil, and marine diesel oil

Worldwide concerns about sulfur oxide (SOx) emissions from ships are motivating the replacement of marine residual oil (RO) with cleaner, lower-sulfur fuels, such as marine gas oil (MGO) and marine diesel oil (MDO). Vessel operators can use MGO and MDO directly or blended with RO to achieve environmental and economic objectives. Although expected to be much cleaner in terms of criteria pollutants, these fuels require additional energy in the upstream stages of the fuel cycle (i.e., fuel processing and refining), and thus raise questions about the net impacts on greenhouse gas emissions (primarily carbon dioxide [CO2]) because of production and use. This paper applies the Total Energy and Environmental Analysis for Marine Systems (TEAMS) model to conduct a total fuel cycle analysis of RO, MGO, MDO, and associated blends for a typical container ship. MGO and MDO blends achieve significant (70-85%) SOx emissions reductions compared with RO across a range of fuel quality and refining efficiency assumptions. We estimate CO2 increases of less than 1% using best estimates of fuel quality and refinery efficiency parameters and demonstrate how these results vary based on parameter assumptions. Our analysis suggests that product refining efficiency influences the CO2 tradeoff more than differences in the physical and energy parameters of the alternative fuels, suggesting that modest increases in CO2 could be offset by efficiency improvements at some refineries. Our results help resolve conflicting estimates of greenhouse gas tradeoffs associated with fuel switching and other emissions control policies.     

Pyrolysis-GC-MS analysis of crude and heavy fuel oil asphaltenes for application in oil fingerprinting

A Pyrolysis – Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) method was developed for the analysis and profiling of crude and heavy fuel oil asphaltenes, for application in oil fingerprinting. Asphaltenes were precipitated from ten geographically different oils using n-pentane, and analysed by Py-GC-MS. Alkane profiles and sulphur/aromatic profiles were used to compare the oils, and to correctly differentiate oils from different geographical regions. Py-GC-MS could not differentiate a weathered oil sample and a fresh oil sample from the same source. The results of this study support the findings from a previously developed FTIR method for asphaltene profiling.     

糎T] "7.16"大连新港石油管道爆炸事故中的热红外溢油监测

利用有效的监测手段、降低溢油事故的风险是海洋环境保护和社会经济节约的关键问题。"7.16"事故中使用3.0～5.0μm红外热像仪作为机载监测的一种手段,对事故海域进行常规监测,识别海面油膜,利用热红外油膜厚度模式分析油膜的相对厚度,并且结合其他遥感数据,在GIS系统中绘制每日的事故海域溢油分布图,为清污指挥部门提供决策依据。