氨基苯甲酸稀溶液的络合萃取研究

本文利用三辛胺或磷酸三丁酯为络合剂，正辛醇或煤油为稀释剂，在不同的Ｐ则定了氨基本甲酸稀溶液的萃取相平衡分配系数，讨论了影响因素，提出了同时考虑络合萃取作用和物理萃取作用的平衡分配系数的表达式。     

芳香酸稀溶液的络合萃取研究

络合萃取法分离极性有机物稀溶液具有高效性和高选择性。本文利用三辛胺或磷酸三丁酯为络合剂，四氯化碳、三氯甲烷、正辛醇或煤油为稀释剂，实验测定了苯甲酸、邻硝基苯甲酸稀溶液的萃取相平衡分配系数，讨论了影响因素。     

敌百虫萃取分离的研究

在考察敌百虫亲油性的基础上,本文对敌百虫稀溶液进行了溶剂萃取和络合萃取的研究。结果表于敌百虫的亲油一般,溶剂萃取分配系数较小,加入胺类络合剂提高了溶剂对敌百虫的萃取分配系数。     

非离子有机物淡水沉积物质量基准推导方法——以林丹为例

沉积物质量基准是对水质基准的补充,对水质管理有重要意义.国际上有多种建立沉积物质量基准的方法,其中,相平衡分配法是美国环境保护局推荐使用的方法之一.相平衡分配法利用污染物的沉积物-水平衡分配系数(Kp)和水质基准中污染物的最终慢性毒性值(FCV)计算污染物的沉积物质量基准值(SQC).当缺乏污染物的沉积物生物毒性效应数...     

LIX984对铜离子的络合萃取

研究了铜离子在水相和油相(LIX984煤油溶液)之间的分配行为,考察操作参数对分配比的影响,分析计算该络合萃取过程的平衡常数.结果表明:载体LIX984对铜离子的萃取能力强、速度快,1min基本上达到萃取平衡;分配比随着萃取温度、油相载体初始浓度、水相初始pH值的增大而增大,而随着水相初始铜离子浓度的增大而下降;该络合萃取过程的平衡常数在30℃的值为7.6.     

二(2-乙基己基)磷酸络合萃取邻氨基苯酚的研究

以二(2-乙基己基)磷酸(D2EHPA)为萃取剂,研究稀释剂种类、萃取剂浓度、溶液的初始pH值、溶液中甲(乙)醇等因素对邻氨基酚(OAP)稀溶液分配比(D)的影响.结果表明:溶液的初始pH值在7左右时,D有最大值;D值随二(2-乙基己基)磷酸浓度的增大而提高,且在极性环境要优于惰性环境;甲(乙)醇是影响萃取结果的主要因素.     

一元有机酸的络合萃取研究

本文考察了不同稀释剂中磷酸三丁酯（ＴＢＰ）和甲基异丁基酮（ＭＩＢＫ）的甲酸，乙酸，丙酸，丁酸及氯乙酸，二氯乙酸和三氯乙酸等一元有机酸的萃取，萃取反应属中性络合萃取机理，有机相中生成１：１的萃合物，同时，探讨了各因素（有机酸种类、稀释剂性质、温度和无机盐）对萃取的影响，得到了萃取反应的平衡常数，热力学函数和萃取性能与有机酸性质间的关系方程等。     

NaOH溶液对有机相苯酚反萃取的研究

本文系统进行了ＮａＯＨ溶液对负载苯酚的ＴＢＰ＋煤油溶剂的反萃取平衡实验。考虑苯酚的支萃取平衡和解离平衡,建立了反萃取的计算模式,并证明了模型的可行性。本文还讨论了ＮａＯＨ溶液浓度,油水相比,萃取平衡分配系数,溶剂中的负载苯酚浓度和ＮａＯＨ溶液中初始酚含量对反萃取率的影响。     

银铜离子复合体系的光催化还原

研究了在银、铜离子混合溶液中,TiO2／bead漂浮型光催化剂光催化还原银、铜的效果．考察了pH值、电子给体、络合剂以及反应气氛对银铜还原效率的影响．结果表明：银、铜离子的光催化还原与其电极电势以及在光催化剂表面的吸附有很大关系．pH值增大,银、铜离子在催化剂表面的吸附量增大,还原效率相应增大;电子给体、络合剂的加入以及无氧环境下对金属的还原有一定的促进作用．一般来说,银离子的光催化还原速率和程度比铜离子大．混合溶液中,银、铜离子的光催化还原具有协同作用。     

络合态金属铜在大型水蚤(Daphnia magna)体内的生物积累及生物毒性

以人工稀释水作为背景水样,通过实验室暴露和化学平衡软件的辅助分析,研究了4种有机络合剂(草酸、酒石酸、EDTA和腐殖酸)对大型水蚤(Daphniamagna)体内铜的生物积累(BBD)以及生物毒性的影响.结果表明,有机络合剂的存在降低了大型水蚤体内生物积累量和金属硫蛋白(MT)含量,明显降低了水体中金属Cu的毒性,4种不同有机络合剂所产生的效果大体相同;有机络合态的铜也能为大型水蚤所吸收和利用,在相同浓度条件下大型水蚤对腐殖酸络合态铜的利用大于EDTA络合态铜.     

CO2+MEA反应在CaCO3催化下Eley-Rideal模型及混合胺溶液体系协同效应的机理研究

研究混合胺溶液吸收二氧化碳(CO₂)的反应机理对低碳环保具有重要意义.本文以碳酸钙(CaCO₃)为催化剂,在Eley-Rideal模型下通过Gaussian09软件模拟计算乙醇胺(MEA)+CO₂反应机理,,同时计算混合胺溶液体系乙醇胺(MEA)+二乙醇胺(DEA)/2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇(AMP)/N-甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)吸收CO₂中经实验证明的协同效应.本文在CCSD(T)/6-311++G(d,p)水平上计算在两性离子机理下中间步骤的自由能和几何振动频率.模拟结果表明,在固体催化剂CaCO₃作用下,反应活化能降低了14.9%,但是自由能没有降低.混合胺盐能量(MEA-DEA-CO₂,MEA-AMP-CO₂)低于MEA-CO₂-MEA能量,差距分别为-18.25%和-14.5%,而MEA-MDEA-CO₂体系能量与单一溶液体系差距仅为-5.88%.这表明二级胺,空间位阻胺的协同效应大于三级胺.     

超高浓度萘系磺酸染料中间体废液资源化

本文介绍了胺盐萃取回收率液中萘磺酸染料中间体的方法，回收率达９５％以上，回收浓缩液工艺套用，１０ｔ／ｄ废液量的资源化年净效益达５８０万元，投资费用两个月即可全部收回，采用Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ等温方程描述体系中萃取剂用量，待萃物含量和萃取率的关系，使工艺参数的确立和工程设计完全处理指导之下。     

阴离子染料酸性大红GR水溶液的脱色及反应机理

以阴离子染料酸性大红GR为代表,采用十二胺做助剂,硫酸铝做混凝剂对其水溶液进行脱色处理,研究了助剂、混凝剂投加量、pH值及其盐效应等的影响．通过电导率、丁达尔效应和IR谱图分析其脱色机理：阴离子染料在水溶液中与十二胺之间发生化学反应,靠氢键和静电键结合,使染料微粒聚集形成胶体,再与硫酸铝混凝剂作用产生沉淀．     

Zur physiologie der aminbildung bei der marinen rotalge Polysiphonia urceolata

The ceramiaceaen Polysiphonia urceolata rapidly degrades ¹⁴C(U)-L-leucine, added to sea water at a final concentration of 2.5x10^-5 M/l, to isoamylamine. Under experimental conditions, 22% of the total radioactivity is found in the amine within 160 min. The amino acid decarboxylase responsible for this reaction has been characterized by Hartmann (1972a). No other mechanisms of leucine degradation could be detected, and the rate of ¹⁴C-incorporation into algal proteins is considerably lower than that of decarboxylation. The rate of decarboxylation is optimal at a leucine concentration of about 5x10^-5 M/l. The amine formed is found in almost equal amounts in algal extract and environment. No further degradation of isoamylamine could be detected. The amine is a metabolic end product in P. urceolata. When ¹⁴C-isoamylamine is used as a tracer, relatively high amounts of amine are found in the algal extracts. It is supposed that the amine does not accumulate within the algal cells, but rather is bound to the acid polysaccharides of the cell walls by means of ionic exchange. The results strongly suggest that decarboxylation is the main route by which P. ureolata metabolizes amino acids from the environment which are substrates of the decarboxylase. The endogenous amino acid pool does not seem to be available to the enzyme as a substrate source. A possible ecological significance of amino acid decarboxylations is discussed.     

伯胺N1923萃取一元有机酸的研究

考察了伯胺Ｎ１９２３对甲酸、乙酸、丙酸和丁酸以氯乙酸、二氯乙酸和三氯乙酸等一元有机酸的萃取、萃取反应属离子缔合机理,有机相中主要生成１：１的萃合物。探讨了有机酸种类、稀释剂性质、温度和无机盐等对萃取的影响。     

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids between plants and insects: A new chapter of an old story

Summary Among alkaloids the pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) play a unique role in the interactions between plants and adapted insects. InSenecio spp. (Asteraceae) PAs are synthesized in the roots as alkaloidN-oxides which are specifically translocated into shootsvia the phloem-path and channeled to the preferred sites of storage (e.g. inflorescences) where they are stored in the cell vacuoles. In differentSenecio spp. senecionineN-oxide is produced as the common product of biosynthesis, which subsequentlyvia a number of simple but specific reactions is transformed into typical speciesspecific PA-patterns. Insects from diverse taxa sequester PAs for their own defense. Lepidopterans (e.g. arctiids such asTyria jacobaeae andCreatonotos transiens) may hydrolyze plant acquired ester-PAs and convert the resulting necine base into insect-specific PAs by esterification with an acid of their own metabolism. Adapted arctiids and the grasshopperZonocerus take up PAs in the state of the tertiary amine.N-Oxides are reduced in the guts prior to uptake. In the bodies the tertiary PAs are rapidlyN-oxidized by a specific mixed-function oxigenase and are maintained in theN-oxide state. The importance of the reversible interconversion of the nontoxicN-oxide (pro-toxine) into the toxic tertiary alkaloid is discussed as the specific feature of PAs in plant-insect interactions.     

Decarboxylation of environmental L-leucine by marine red algae

The uptake and metabolism of ¹⁴C-L-leucine by Cystoclonium purpureum (Huds) Batt. (Rhodophyllidaceae) at concentrations of 0.5–50 μM were studied. Leucine was taken up from seawater at rates of 10–160 nmol·g^-1 fresh weight·h^-1. At low leucine levels ( 5 μM) the amino acid was preferably incorporated into cellular protein; amine formation was less than 5%. However at leucine concentrations of 50 μM, more than 30% of the total leucine taken up was decarboxylated to 3-methylbutylamine. This effect is expressed even more in Dumontia increassata (O. F. Müll) Lamour. (Dumontiaceae). In both species some of the amine occurred as a non-volatile derivative (bound amine) from which free amine could quantitatively be released by acid hydrolysis. Leucine and amine uptake were inhibited by CCCP. However, from cells preloaded with both leucine and amine, only free amine is released in the presence of CCCP. The results indicate that decarboxylase activity will be switched on at increased levels of amino acids in seawater which may be expected frequently in habitats of littoral algae (tidal zone). A possible function of amine formation and release within the scope of chemical defence of benthic algae is discussed.     

A review of measurement methods for peracetic acid (PAA)

• Physical and chemical properties and application of peracetic acid solution. • Determination method of high concentration peracetic acid. • Determination method of residual peracetic acid (low concentration). Peroxyacetic acid has been widely used in food, medical, and synthetic chemical fields for the past several decades. Recently, peroxyacetic acid has gradually become an effective alternative disinfectant in wastewater disinfection and has strong redox capacity for removing micro-pollutants from drinking water. However, commercial peroxyacetic acid solutions are primarily multi-component mixtures of peroxyacetic acid, acetic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and water. During the process of water treatment, peroxyacetic acid and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) often coexist, which limits further investigation on the properties of peroxyacetic acid. Therefore, analytical methods need to achieve a certain level of selectivity, particularly when peroxyacetic acid and hydrogen peroxide coexist. This review summarizes the measurement and detection methods of peroxyacetic acid, comparing the principle, adaptability, and relative merits of these methods.     

全氟辛酸对斜生栅藻细胞膜特性影响研究(Effect of Perfluorooctane Acid on Cell Membrane Properties of Scenedesmus obliquus)

斜生栅藻暴露于全氟辛酸(PFOA)中,其细胞膜特性可通过不同荧光染料染色的荧光信号变化来反映.应用流式细胞仪检测荧光信号,研究了PFOA对斜生栅藻细胞膜的完整性、选择透过性和膜电位指标的影响效应.实验结果显示,全氟辛酸对表征细胞膜完整性的碘化丙啶(PI)染料荧光强度起到显著刺激作用,栅藻细胞膜受损几率随暴露浓度升高呈现上升趋势;低暴露浓度下栅藻细胞膜选择透过性增强,但在高浓度暴露下这一细胞膜特性受到明显抑制,具体表现为表征酯酶活性的二乙酸荧光素(FDA)荧光强度出现先升后降的变化;与FDA荧光强度变化趋势相反,反映膜电位的碘代3,3’-二己氧基羰花青(DIOC6(3))荧光强度则先降后升,预示高浓度PFOA暴露将导致细胞膜处于异常的生理状态.