玉溪市土地资源利用程度的时空变化特征

通过对2002-2005年玉溪市土地资源分类面积数据的变化分析,利用土地利用程度综合指数模型以及土地利用程度变化模型统计了各地区土地资源利用程度在时间变化、空间分布上的特征.结果表明,玉溪市土地资源利用程度总体上呈现逐年增加的时间变化趋势,表明人类活动对土地资源利用程度的影响在加剧,尤其表现在建设用地的增加和未利用地的减少上.各区域间以玉溪市中心城区红塔区的土地资源利用程度最高;其次为通海县,土地资源利用程度较小的为澄江、江川、华宁等地.土地资源利用程度较高的地区人口密度也较大,表明受自然环境条件、经济社会发展状况的影响,玉溪市土地资源利用程度具有显著的空间差异.     

平原县土地资源城镇人口承载力分析及预测研究

基于近些年德州市平原县粮食和耕地变化情况,采用土地资源承载指数(LCCI)模型分析了其城镇人口承载力现状,运用逻辑斯蒂模型和三次指数平滑预测模型预测2016—2020年平原县粮食产量、耕地面积和土地资源城镇人口承载力。研究表明:平原县土地资源城镇人口承载力处于富富有余状态,土地资源城镇承载指数(LCCI)长期处在0.08以下,粮食自给率较高,具有较大的发展空间。预测到2020年土地承载力指数达到0.13,富富有余状态略有减弱。     

小尺度热点地区土地利用/覆被变化研究--以淮南市为例

利用指数模型方法,从区域土地利用/覆被变化(LUCC)的速度、土地流向、空间结构和土地利用程度等方面对淮南市1996～2003年间土地利用变更数据进行了定量描述和分析,揭示了淮南市土地利用及变化的特征,并针对在工矿和居民点整理复垦、土地利用程度等方面存在的问题提出了相应建议,为实现土地资源的合理利用提供科学依据.     

黑龙江垦区土地资源可持续利用研究

以黑龙江垦区土地资源利用为例，运用统计分析方法，结合土地利用变化幅度和土地利用动态度等分析指标，对黑龙江垦区土地利用现状与动态变化进行分析。在此基础上，提出了黑龙江垦区土地利用中存在的主要问题：耕地面积总量增加，但人均耕地面积下降；土地资源利用效益有待提高；土地质量逐年下降，生态环境趋于恶化；部分农场场址道路建设用地过大，土地浪费现象严重；土地后备资源日益匮乏，开发整理复垦难度大等5个方面，并提出了相关的对策建议。     

许昌市土地资源利用结构优化配置研究

土地资源优化配置是城市化进程中面临的主要问题,土地利用结构优化配置是土地利用总体规划的主要内容和基本方法,也是区域经济和社会发展规划的重要依据.在对许昌市土地利用变化分析的基础上,结合当地社会经济发展的需求和有关规划控制指标,借助线性规划模型求解未来许昌市土地利用结构的优化方案,力求提高土地利用的综合效益,实现土地资源永续利用和国民经济持续发展.     

湖南省土地资源生态安全评价

基于P—S—R（压力一状态一响应）模型从土地资源生态安全的压力子系统、状态子系统、响应子系统三方面构建了湖南省土地生态安全评价指标体系，结合各评价指标的安全指数对2000--2008年湖南省土地资源生态安全状况进行了评价，分析了影响湖南省土地资源生态安全的限制因素。结果表明：①2000-2008年湖南省综合生态安全状况不容乐观，其生态安全等级多年来一直处于“临界安全”。②人口密度大、人均GDP低和不合理的化肥农药施用是湖南省土地资源压力子系统的主要限制因素，耕地面积少和农田水利设施差是状态子系统的主要限制因素，工业固体废弃物综合利用率偏低和教育卫生事业发展滞后是响应子系统的主要限制因素，据此提出了相应的对策建议。     

城市化与土地资源利用的协调度及优化配置研究——以辽宁沿海经济带为例

利用耦合协调理论构建城市化发展—土地资源效应的协调度模型,分析城市化与土地资源利用之间的耦合关系,并以辽宁沿海经济带为研究案例开展实证研究。研究结果表明,城市化与土地资源利用之间存在明显的耦合关系,且不同类型城市所体现的特点不同。通过改造协调度模型,求解出城市化与土地资源利用的最大协调度以及最优的土地资源效应。通过基本的条件假设,求解最大协调度和最优土地资源效应,提出适用于不同城市化与土地利用关系的优化配置模型,分别为高能模式、高效模式和提升模式,用以指导区域土地开发与利用。     

论土地资源与区域可持续发展——以广东省徐闻县为例

阐述了可持续发展的涵义及其与土地资源的关系，系统总结了广东省徐闻县土地资源的现状和特点，对其土地资源进行了综合评价，分析了土地资源在可持续利用中面临的主要问题，提出了该县实现土地资源可持续利用的对策和措施。     

宜兴市土地资源的可持续利用

土地资源是人类赖以生存的基本物质基础和十分宝贵的资源，寻求土地资源的可持续发展已成为当今世界土地科学研究的一个重要课题。宜兴市地处长江三角洲经济区，快速的经济发展已对有限的土地资源产生了较大的影响。文章通过对宜兴市土地资源进行可持续利用的初步研究，分析了土地资源的基本特征和可持续利用中存在的制约因素，提出了可持续利用土地资源的对策。     

贵港市土地利用动态变化分析及用地预测

以城市为中心的区域土地是土地资源中资产效益最高的一部分，是人类利用土地影响最为深刻的土地类型。在分析土地利用现状变更调查数据的基础上，应用各类土地利用动态变化模型对贵港市的土地利用动态变化进行分析，并运用灰色系统预测模型对该区域各地类的土地利用时空演变进行了预测，最后提出相应的优化土地利用结构的建议。     

MINIMIZING THE IMPACT OF URBANIZATION ON LONG TERM RUNOFF1

Increasing concern about the problems caused by urban sprawl has encouraged development and implementation of smart growth approaches to land use management. One of the goals of smart growth is water resources protection, in particular minimizing the runoff impact of urbanization. To investigate the magnitude of the potential benefits of land use planning for water resources protection, possible runoff impacts of historical and projected urbanization were estimated for two watersheds in Indiana and Michigan using a long term hydrological impact analysis model. An optimization component allowed selection of land use change placements that minimize runoff increase. Optimizing land use change placement would have reduced runoff increase by as much as 4.9 percent from 1973 to 1997 in the Indiana study watershed. For nonsprawl and sprawl scenarios in the Michigan watershed for 1978 to 2040, optimizing land use change placement would have reduced runoff increase by 12.3 percent and 20.5 percent, respectively. The work presented here illustrates both an approach to assessing the magnitude of the impact of smart growth and the significant potential scale of smart growth in moderating runoff changes that result from urbanization. The results of this study have significant implications for urban planning.     

Prospective changes in irrigation water requirements caused by agricultural expansion and climate changes in the eastern arc mountains of Kenya

Water resources and land use are closely linked with each other and with regional climate, assembling a very complex system. The understanding of the interconnecting relations involved in this system is an essential step for elaborating public policies that can effectively lead to the sustainable use of water resources. In this study, an integrated modelling framework was assembled in order to investigate potential impacts of agricultural expansion and climate changes on Irrigation Water Requirements (IWR) in the Taita Hills, Kenya. The framework comprised a land use change simulation model, a reference evapotranspiration model and synthetic precipitation datasets generated through a Monte Carlo simulation. In order to generate plausible climate change scenarios, outputs from General Climate Models were used as reference to perturbing the Monte Carlo simulations. The results indicate that throughout the next 20 years the low availability of arable lands in the hills will drive agricultural expansion to areas with higher IWR in the foothills. If current trends persist, agricultural areas will occupy roughly 60% of the study area by 2030. This expansion will increase by approximately 40% the annual water volume necessary for irrigation. Climate change may slightly decrease crops' IWR in April and November by 2030, while in May a small increase will likely be observed. The integrated assessment of these environmental changes allowed a clear identification of priority regions for land use allocation policies and water resources management.     

Sustainability of ground water quality considering land use changes and public health risks

One of the major environmental issues of concern to policy-makers is the increased vulnerability of ground water quality (GWQ). Another issue of equal interest is the sustainability of natural resources for future generations. To understand the sustainability of the natural resources such as water in general, one needs to understand the impact of future land use changes on the natural resources. This work proposes a methodology to address sustainability of GWQ considering land use changes, aquifer vulnerability to multiple contaminants, and public health risks. The methodology was demonstrated for the Sumas-Blaine aquifer in Washington State. The land transformation model predicted that nearly 60 percent of the land use practices would change in the Sumas-Blaine Aquifer by the year 2015. The accuracy of the LTM model predictions increased to greater levels as the spatial resolution was decreased. Aquifer vulnerability analysis was performed for major contaminants using the binary logistic regression (LR) method. The LR model, along with the predicted future land use, was used to estimate the future GWQ using two indices-carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic ground water qualities. Sustainability of GWQ was then analyzed using the concept of 'strong' sustainability. The sustainability map of GWQ showed improvements in many areas where urbanization is expected to occur. The positive impact of urbanization on GWQ is an indication of the extensive damage caused by existing agricultural activities in the study area.     

郑州市耕地资源安全的时空特征分析

耕地资源安全是保障我国国民经济发展的重要条件之一,又关系到我国的粮食安全。借用生物学的承载力分析方法,设定耕地资源安全测度指标,建立了耕地资源安全测度模型,对郑州市1996—2005年10年来耕地资源安全进行了测算,并分析了耕地资源的时空特征。     

Food,feed, and fuelwood resources of Nepal: A GIS evaluation

A GIS-based land evaluation model was developed to determine the food, feed, and fuelwood sufficiency of all districts in Nepal. Resource surpluses or deficits were calculated for each district for 1981, the year for which the national land resource data were available. Of the three resources, feed supplies were found to be the most critical. Feed deficits occurred in 57% of all districts in 1981, while food and fuelwood deficits occurred in less than 10% of all districts. Different scenarios were carried out for the year 2000 to estimate the magnitude of future resource deficits, assuming resource use and yields in Nepal remain constant in the face of growing population and livestock numbers. Linking resource data with spreadsheet and GIS systems provides a new way to understand and evaluate resources at the district and national levels. To more fully capture the usefulness of this approach, information on rates of change in productivity and land use is needed.     

黄壁庄水库消落区土地资源的合理利用

本文提出了水库消落区土地资源的利用问题,把水库消落区划分为常年利用区、季节性利用区和暂时性利用区.根据黄壁庄水库多年调度运行、水位变化规律,结合平山县农作物生长特性,运用频率分析计算方法,确定了3个时段(全年、3～9月、10～5月)不同保证率下的消落区土地利用高程,并估算了水库消落区土地面积和可利用土地面积,为合理利用该区土地资源,种植农作物等提供了科学依据.     

From land cover change to land function dynamics: a major challenge to improve land characterization

Land cover change has always had a central role in land change science. This central role is largely the result of the possibilities to map and characterize land cover based on observations and remote sensing. This paper argues that more attention should be given to land use and land functions and linkages between these. Consideration of land functions that provide a wide range of goods and services makes more integrated assessments of land change possible. The increasing attention to multifunctional land use is another incentive to develop methods to assess changes in land functions. A number of methods to quantify and map the spatial extent of land use and land functions are discussed and the implications for modeling are identified based on recent model approaches in land change science. The mixed use of land cover, land use and land function in maps and models leads to inconsistencies in land change assessments. Explicit attention to the non-linear relations between land cover, land use and land function is essential to consistently address land change. New methods to map and quantify land function dynamics will enhance our ability to understand and model land system change and adequately inform policies and planning.     

基于DEA-Malmquist指数的辽宁省城市建设用地配置效率研究

从提高城市建设用地配置效率角度出发,运用DEA-Malmquist指数模型,通过选择投入产出要素对辽宁省2006-2012年城市建设用地全要素生产率进行分析,对全省及各市城市建设用地配置效率的变化和技术效率、技术进步对城市建设用地配置效率的影响做出评价.研究表明,研究期内各城市全要素生产率处于小幅增长态势,平均增长率为1.1％,纯技术效率呈波动性增减,表明各城市尚未充分利用先进技术和资源优化配置,规模效率普遍偏低,平均值为0.996＜1,未向最优规模靠近,技术进步对全要素生产率变化指数的增长贡献率不高.     

Managing United States Public Lands in Response to Climate Change: A View From the Ground Up

Federal land managers are faced with the task of balancing multiple uses and goals when making decisions about land use and the activities that occur on public lands. Though climate change is now well recognized by federal agencies and their local land and resource managers, it is not yet clear how issues related to climate change will be incorporated into on-the-ground decision making within the framework of multiple use objectives. We conducted a case study of a federal land management agency field office, the San Juan Public Lands Center in Durango, CO, U.S.A., to understand from their perspective how decisions are currently made, and how climate change and carbon management are being factored into decision making. We evaluated three major management sectors in which climate change or carbon management may intersect other use goals: forests, biofuels, and grazing. While land managers are aware of climate change and eager to understand more about how it might affect land resources, the incorporation of climate change considerations into everyday decision making is currently quite limited. Climate change is therefore on the radar screen, but remains a lower priority than other issues. To assist the office in making decisions that are based on sound scientific information, further research is needed into how management activities influence carbon storage and resilience of the landscape under climate change.