Implementing Sustainable Development Strategies

China's national sustainable development strategies were drafted under the guidance of Deng Xiaoping's theory on socialist construction with Chinese distinguishing features and, the theory and practice of sustainable development has further enriched and perfected Deng Xiaoping's theory. An in-depth study of Deng Xiaoping's theory is significant if we are to accurately understand our sustainable development program and how to best implement the strategies.     

Watershed environmental management framework based on economic theory

Based on the meaning of economic theory as well as analysis of relevant characteristics of watershed environmental management,a watershed environmental management framework will be created,with building systems of theory,principles,methods,and supporting measures.Through the general structure,the watershed environmental management system design can be explored to optimize the allocation of resources and achieve coordinated development of watershed economic growth and environmental protection.     

SETTING A NEW PHASE OF INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION IN THE FIELD OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

China is in an industrialization and urbanization phase, and yet faces the conflict between relatively deficient resources per capita and low utilization efficiency; the conflict between the lowering levels of fertility and strong population momentum; and the conflict between environmental degradation and unsustainable economic growth. It would be a great contribution to humanity to achieve sustainable development in the course of the rapid modernization taking place in China - the developing country with 22 percent of the population of the world.     

Research on the Knowledge System Framework of Eco-industrial Engineering

With intensified contradiction between the rapid development of modern industry and the carrying capacity of natural environment,coordinating the relationship between economic benefits and ecological benefits is a significant issue to be solved for modern industrial engineering.This paper firstly conducts the comparative analysis between traditional and ecological industry as well as traditional and modern industrial engineering,and indicates that eco-industrial engineering is an inevitable choice for sustainable development of modern industrial engineering;Then,based on industrial ecology,environmental economics and sustainable development theory,the connotation and definition of ecoindustrial engineering are proposed,and the theoretical and practical development of the concepts of eco-industrial engineering are further investigated.Furthermore,the research subject,research content,academic system architecture and evaluation methods of eco-industrial engineering are discussed.Finally,combining the current scientific and technological development,we put forward the important scientific value and practical significance of constructing eco-industrial engineering for the utilization of these concepts.     

SETTING A NEW PHASE OF INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION IN THE FIELD OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

China is in an industrialization and urbanization phase, and yet faces the conflict between relatively deficient resources per capita and low utilization efficiency; the conflict between the lowering levels of fertility and strong population momentum; and the conflict between environmental degradation and unsustainable economic growth. It would be a great contribution to humanity to achieve sustainable development in the course of the rapid modernization taking place in China - the developing country with 22 percent of the population of the world.     

Analysis of Soil and Water Balance on the Land Arrangement Function

The natural supply of land resources is limited, but the economic supply may change along with social and economic development, and its size is decided bye nature and social and economic body conditions. When the supplying ability of land resources threatens the development of society and the conflict between people and land becomes tense, it forced people to im- prove land utilization and to increase the effective supply of land resources. The paper made an overall consideration on the characteristics of the irrigated farming and the frail ecological environment in Fuhai County, Altay Area, Xinjiang Uigur Autonomous Region and explored land arrangement planning as well as water resource planning and environmental protection. The paper evaluated natural resources, land utilization and water resource of the case study areas and focused on the spatio-temporal balance between the utilization of water and land resources. In the end the paper a feasible plan was made out for the land arrangement project.     

Research on Indicator System of Regional Eco-efficiency:A Case Study of Chengyang District

Eco-efficiency is a valuable tool for managing and solving issues involving resource consumption and pollution emission in current production processes. Despite the popularity of the term “eeo-efficiency“ in business, limited attention has been paid to measuring and reporting regional eco-efficiency for local government policy makers. Based on the concept and method of eco-efficiency, an indicator system of regional eco-efficiency is established in this study. The indicator system comprises 22 indicators, which are divided in to three categories including socio-economic development, resources consumption,environmental pressure. As a promising statistical technique,principle component analysis is used to set the weight of indicators which attempts to calculate the eco-efficiency indices of Qingdao‘s Chengyang District. The results show that the eco-efficiency of Chengyang District has clearly improved 35.1% with small fluctuation from 1995 to 2003. Socio-economic development index and resources consumption index also represent obvious increasing trends. The correlation coefficient between soci-economic development index and resources consumption index is 0.979, which means the social progress and economic growth of Chengyang District depend on an extravagant consumption of resources. The environmental pressure index increased slowly before 1997 and declined gradually after 1997, due to more attention being paid to environmental protection by local government in recent years. Chengyang District still keeps the traditional economic development mode with a high consumption and high production, so the emphases of future development should put on improving the improving the efficient use of natural resources and promoting environmental management sustainability. The results show that the indicators system of regional eco-efficiency is a promising method to quantitatively evaluate resources and environmental efficiency and provide an effective decision-making support for local governments.     

Study on Sustainable Development in Vulnerable Eco-areas

The vulnerable eco-area is one of the important research targets in the field of sustainable development. It is the requirement of building a well-off society in an all-round way that we should study more on the vulnerable eco-areas, deal with the relationship between environmental protection and economic development, speed up the economic development in these areas and increase the living standard of the local people. This paper puts forward the countermeasures of environment---economy coordination, on the basis of the recognition of eco-environment features and social economic conditions in the vulnerable eco-areas of China, in view of the progress in sustainable development studies of the vulnerable ones, taking the transitional areas of farming and pasturing in northeast China as an example to study the regional environment vulnerability.     

An in-depth view of climate change:addressing climate change while making a transition on the development mode

While fossil fuels greatly contribute to human society,they pose great challenges to natural resources,the environment,and climate change.Developed countries,like the United States,formulated strategic measures to ensure their sustainable development and leading positions in the world.These measures include new green policies,development of shale gas,revitalization of nuclear power,energy independence,reindustrialization,and new low-carbon development based on a combination of Internet technology and renewable energy.Developing countries are also trying to introduce balanced strategies of poverty alleviation and sustainable development.Globally,industrial civilization is being transformed to ecological civilization and green,low-carbon development is a global trend.Addressing climate change provides new strategic factors to further this development.China should take substantial actions to realize sustainable development in a new road:China is in the critical stage of changing its development mode,so it is vital to choose an appropriate development path.This extensive development comes at the high price of consuming too much resources and scarring the environment.Mitigation and adaptation strategies for addressing climate change can help the transition of development.Based on the analysis of the development data of developed countries,the author introduces the concept of"two-type developed countries"with an understanding that not all developed countries must take the same development mode.He also holds the view that China should achieve modernization in a more energy-saving and more carbon-efficient manner compared with that of two-type developed countries.An analysis of"two competitions"that China is facing shows that changing the developing mode is urgent and China should grasp this opportunity in the next five to ten years,which is a key period for this transition.This paper discusses the low-carbon development goals and the three-step process.Low-carbon development does not necessarily restrict economic development.It,however,can expedite the transition of the development mode and this is a low-carbon and green development path.Transition of the development mode includes implementation of China’s green and low-carbon energy strategies,low-carbon society construction,development of agriculture and forestry,garbage sorting and utilization,innovation of urbanization,etc.Improvement of national infrastructure construction includes water safety,environment and climate monitoring system,intelligent energy web,basic database,etc.Addressing climate change can significantly improve the nation’s basic research level.In summary,it mitigates backward production capability,extensive development,and environmental damage while promoting technological advancement,scientific development,and ecological civilization.     

Exploration on Relativity of Modern Economic Science： Viewpoint Based on Sustainable Development

Modem economics is necessary knowledge for people a market economic theory and a to understand market economy. However, when modem economic science puts in a ＂great economic system＂, modem economic science seems to be little convincing and even deviates from the science of sustainable development. This shows that modem economic science has relativity, and must be transformed by the idea of sustainable development.     

资源代际管理与可持续发展

代际均衡发展是可持续发展战略的重要方面,代际均衡发展的物质基础是代际财富均衡。自然资源是代际财富均衡分配的主要内容,需要进行资源代际管理来保证可持续发展战略的实现。     

成本效益分析与代际公平:新代际折现思路

成本效益分析在评价涉及长期资源环境影响的项目和政策时因损害代际公平面颇受批评,因此如何修正成本效益分析使其能够用于这类项目和政策的评价是研究的焦点.本文从可持续发展理论出发,首先比较分析经验代际折现率、零社会折现率、单一环境折现率和双重社会折现率四种当前具有代表性的代际折现率的提出背景、计算方法和运用范围,然后构建基于多重社会折现率的新代际折现思路,最后以水土保持项目为例,利用数字模拟方法验证了新代际折现思路的具体运用.结果表明:其一,与四种当翦代表性的代际折现率相比,多重社会折现率在评价具有复杂环境影响的项目和政策上更其优势；其二,基于多重社会折现率的新代际折现思路能够为涉及长期资源环境影响的项目和政策评价提供系统的拆现率选择指导；其三,多重社会折现率下的环境折现率遵循随着时间推移递减,随着人造资本与资源环境间替代难度的增大而递减的原则.最后文章从构建多领域专家参与平台和编制折现率查询表两个方面提供政策建议.     

人口,资源与环境协调发展的综合模式研究（Ⅱ）：资源配置新论

本文在文献[3]的基础上,提出了广义资源配置的目标就是兼顾经济增长与持续发展。为了使经济理论内核中包括持续发展问题,认为系统经济学应以资源空间、商品空间和价格空间作为出发点,进而提出了系统经济学的理论框架,在此基础上运用非线性理讨论了资源配置的模式问题。     

可持续发展公平性问题研究

本文对可持续发展的公平性问题进行了较系统的研究,首先,分析了可持续发展的公平性的内涵;然后,提出了代际财富转移的公平性模型;最后,讨论了自然资源消耗和社会成员收入分配的代内公平问题。     

论水资源格局与可持续发展

以可持续发展理论为指导,分析了我国水资源自然格局及利用格局的现状与问题,提出了作为可持续发展重要支撑的水资源,其可持续利用的根本途径是建立可持续发展的水资源格局,即流域经济系统格局,并实现流域基础上的区域竞争与协作一体化     

水资源持续利用的特性与原理

随着可持续发展战略的推进与实施，水资源持续利用成为可持续发展研究的重要内容，也是水资源学科和开发利用水资源中要研究的重要课题。水资源具有别于其它资源的独有特性，基于可持续发展理论分析了水资源的基本特性，包括自然特性、社会特性和经济特性。水资源的这些独有特性决定了在实现水资源持续利用中必须服从的原理。用系统学理论、公共选择理论、福利经济学理论、资源分配和市场经济理论，分析了这些基本原理。这些原理揭示了水资源利用自然、社会和经济运动规律，试图为实现水资源持续利用提供指导原则和规划思想。     

农地非农化代际配置与农地资源损失

合理的资源利用要求资源配置在代际上是有效率的。在资源代际最优配置原理的基础上,建立了一个衡量农地非农化是否符合代际配置效率的宏观决策模型,对我国20世纪90年代以来的农地非农化进行了检验。结果显示,若以1989-2003年为研究区间,1989-1996年阶段东、中、西部地区的过度非农化比例分别占各自实际非农化数量的6.58%、6.84%和7.85%,反映出1989-1996年期间的农地非农化存在一定的短期行为,造成农地的过度非农化。因此,未来一段时间的农地非农化政策应该进一步控制农地非农化的速度,来保证农地资源能够在未来得到更优的利用。     

略论长江开发的战略思想

当前长江开发所面临的最大问题是自然资源利用不合理所造成的资源严重浪费和生态环境恶化,其直接威胁到长江流域社会经济的可持续发展。长江流域既是我国自然资源的富集区,又是国民经济的核心主干区,其开发的成功与否直接关系到中国经济现代化的前途。因此,在经济体制与经济增长方式双重转型的过程中,长江的开发如何实现自然资源的利用与保护的相互协调,成为了我们的迫切需要解决的问题。     

汉江流域水权初始配置模型研究

水权管理的关键和难点是水权的初始分配。做好初始水权的分配,能够促进水资源的优化配置,达到以水资源的可持续利用支持国民经济和社会的可持续发展。根据水权初始分配有效性、公平性、可持续性发展的原则,分析了水权初始分配的主要影响因素,主要是经济发展、用水效益、平均分水、现状用水、水源地优先、生态环境以及社会发展;构建了水权初始分配的层次结构图;采用多目标半结构性模糊优选模型研究流域水权初始分配,该模型根据人的经验知识量化原理确定定性指标的相对优属度和各指标的目标权重,为确保模型的实用性,目标值重要性比较时采取了专家咨询手段;定量指标则根据实际情况采用越大越优型的相对优属度公式或越小越优型相对优属度公式。     

基于F-H方法的冲突局势稳定性分析方法及其应用

冲突是一类普遍的社会现象，基于元对策的F H冲突分析方法已经在水资源冲突管理领域得到了广泛的应用。在深入分析F H方法原理的基础上，提出了一种考虑决策者对冲突问题预见能力的冲突局势稳定性分析方法，寻求冲突问题的均衡解。在局势稳定性分析过程中，当局中人基于个人预见水平不存在单方改进某可行局势的动机时，该局势对此局中人而言是稳定的。当全体局中人都认为某可行局势是稳定的，则此局势称为冲突问题的均衡点。最后，该方法被运用到湖北省宜昌市黄柏河流域水资源冲突问题中，模拟结果表明宜昌市水电局同时采取“激励合作”“强化管理”、东风渠灌区管理局“增加引水”、黄柏河流域管理局“追求效益”是最稳定的一种策略组合。提出的冲突局势稳定性分析为寻求冲突均衡提供了一种可行方法。