一种新型直流旋风分离器

针对普通旋风分离器结构上存在有内旋流和混流区会卷走尘粒而降低分离效率的问题 ,总结了原直流旋风分离器生产设计经验 ,开发设计出了一种新型直流旋风分离器 ,没有普通旋风分离器存在的两个问题 ,而且能克服普通旋风分离器流动路线长的缺陷 ,在同一工作条件下 ,分离粒径比原直流旋风分离器减小了 6～ 8μm。在此介绍了分离机理 ,提出了一套设计计算方法 ,给出了计算实例 ,总结出新型直流旋风分离器的特点及适用场合     

浓缩型入口下排气旋风分离器流场和性能的数值计算

运用CFD方法,对浓缩型入口下排气旋风分离器内的气固两相流动进行了研究。计算中气相采用RNGk-ε湍流模型,颗粒相采用拉格朗日坐标系下的离散相模型。重点计算了分离器流场、分离效率及其阻力特性,结果表明,采用浓缩入口后分离器内流场发生明显改变,分离器上部切向速度明显提高,有利于大颗粒的分离。同时通过对不同浓缩结构旋风分离器的分离效率和阻力特性进行分析比较,为工程设计提供了依据。     

旋风分离器分离段表状探讨

传统的旋风分离器，由于其分离段形成的内旋气流太混乱，而且剧烈湍动，致使在沉降段已和气体分离的尘粒在分离段中又改变运行方向，重新与气体混在一起，因而除尘效果不理想，为了找到改善分离效果的办法，本文对尘粒的运行过程作数学分析，并对提高除尘效率的旋风分离器分离段形状进行了探讨。     

采用球形旋风分离器的脱臭装置

日本生物技术有限公司研制成一种采用旋风分离器的脱臭装置,它不需要维修保养,是脱臭困难的鱼下脚加工厂和骨头加工厂理想的脱臭装置。 在旋风分离器中心保持恒定负压,形成净空间,这是该脱臭装置的研制原理。与普通圆柱形旋风分离器不同,该旋风分离器呈球形。臭气在一级旋风分离器     

旋风分离器效率的预测

<正> 旋风分离器是一种广泛应用的除尘器。文献曾广泛地介绍丁旋风分离器性能的预测,所介绍的预测方法复杂程度不尽相同。已长期用米预测旋风分离器效率的比较简单的方法(4)是拉普尔截面直径法(Lapples Cut Diameter method)。应用拉普尔截面直径法预测旋风分离器的效率,是以使用综合的效率曲线为基础.     

利用旋风气液分离器进行气液分离

旋风除尘器用于分离气体中挟带的液体颗粒是同样有效的,还具有一般粉尘旋风除尘器没有的不会堵塞和漏气等优点。 油轮洗舱过程中,有大量油蒸气向大气排放,为了防止对大气的污染,回收油蒸气中的液粒,我们改进了旋风除尘器(如图1所示),称气液分离器,做为整个净化系统的第二     

多进口旋风分离器单体性能的试验研究

将旋风分离器由单进口改为多进口，并加长通道长度，对不同进口个数和通道长度的旋风分离器进行了冷态性能测定，结果表明，采用多进口长通道结构可以显著降低旋同分离器阻力和提高除尘效率。     

颗粒移动床除尘装置高效粉尘回收器

本文介绍了颗粒移动床除尘装置高效粉尘回收器──雾膜高效旋风分离器的性能、水气比例的确定以及对沸腾锅炉粉尘除尘试验的结果，证明该高效旋风分离器的分高效率高达９９％。     

内置预分离复合式飞灰过滤器的开发与应用

针对飞灰过滤器除尘压降高、反吹清灰频繁、过滤元件破损、使用寿命短和大型化受到限制等问题,开发了内置旋风预分离复合式飞灰过滤器,并在工业装置上进行了应用,应用结果表明:过滤器压降明显降低、旋风分离器压降满足系统要求、延长了陶瓷滤芯的使用寿命、减少了因飞灰过滤器故障造成整个装置停车,同时,可带来直接经济效益约1 709万元/a、间接经济效益超过5 000万元。     

旋风分离器内流场的数值模拟及方法分析

基于交错网格的SIMPLE方法对切向入口旋风分离器内的流场进行了数值模拟 ,为了分析验证不同湍流模型的适用效果 ,分别选用了标准的k -ε模型、Smith修正的模型和Chen Kim修正的模型。通过对同一工况模拟结果与实验数据的比较 ,发现Smith修正的湍流模型更适合于预报像旋风分离器内这种具有返转流动的强旋流场     

一种新型烟气除尘脱硫脱氮一体化装置

提出了一种新型高效烟气除尘脱硫脱氮一体化装置,该装置将三种先进的技术有机结合,取得了相得益彰的效果:采用独特溢流装置的自激式除尘器进行除尘和脱硫脱氮,采用球面筛板塔进行二次除尘和脱硫脱氮,采用结构新颖的汽水分离器进行进一步除尘和脱硫脱氮。该装置不仅实现烟气的高效脱硫脱氮,而且可实现有用细微粉尘即稀有金属的回收。此类装置还可应用于矿山、化工和建材等领域中的湿法除尘。     

长期不同耕作方式下紫色水稻土和上覆水中汞及甲基汞的分布特征

为了解不同耕作方式对稻田中甲基汞的影响,在免耕冬水、垄作免耕、厢作免耕、水旱轮作和常规平作等5种耕作方式的长期定位试验地,分层采集土壤和上覆水样品,分析了汞及甲基汞的垂直分布特征.结果表明,免耕冬水、垄作免耕以及厢作免耕条件下土壤总汞含量在10~20 cm层最高,其中免耕冬水富集效果相对明显;而水旱轮作和常规平作处理则随土层加深呈下降趋势,其中水旱轮作更有利于汞的迁移转化.免耕冬水、厢作免耕、常规平作土壤甲基汞含量在剖面的分布规律与土壤总汞类似,除水旱轮作土壤汞甲基化能力在底层比表、中层较强外,其余4种处理则相反.5种耕作方式下稻田上覆水中溶解态汞(DHg)和溶解态甲基汞(DMe Hg)含量均随水深而增加,且水旱轮作和常规平作相对较高.各处理孔隙水中DHg含量与该层次土壤总汞含量有关,两者在土壤剖面上的波动趋势基本相同.免耕冬水、垄作免耕的孔隙水中DMe Hg含量及DMe Hg占DHg比例均在10~20 cm层出现最大值.水旱轮作和常规平作的孔隙水DMe Hg含量则相反,在10~20 cm层有最低值,两种处理的DMe Hg占DHg比例随土壤深度增加而上升.不同处理孔隙水中DMe Hg含量及DMe Hg占DHg比例均大于对应处理上覆水的值.     

基于降水Z指数的朝鲜降水及旱涝时空特征

利用TRMM（Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission,TRMM）3B43月降水数据,并结合降水Z指数,研究朝鲜1998—2018年的降水和旱涝时空格局。结果表明：TRMM与站点观测降水数据有显著的相关性。朝鲜降水季节性特征明显,57.29%的降水集中在夏季,空间上自东北部沿海岸线向东南递增。朝鲜的区域综合旱涝等级基本处于正常状态,偏旱和偏涝发生的频率最高,其次是大旱和大涝,极旱和极涝发生的频率最低,夏季和冬季干旱发生最为频繁,而洪涝在秋季频发。朝鲜北部发生旱涝事件的频率明显高于南部,咸镜山脉和盖马高原是旱涝的多发地区,温泉平原则最不易受到旱涝影响。春季、夏季和秋季均呈现洪涝强度增强的趋势。夏季洪涝强度加剧的趋势明显,中北部地区通过95%的显著性检验。     

土壤中佳乐麝香和镉污染对苗期小麦生长及其污染物积累的影响

选用潮土和褐土2种理化性质不同的土壤,采用室外盆栽实验,以小麦(Triticum aestivum)为供试植物,研究了佳乐麝香(HHCB)和镉(Cd)复合污染对小麦植株生物量及污染物在小麦植株各部分累积量的影响.结果表明,在2种土壤中小麦植株地上和地下部分的干重变化顺序均为,单一HHCB污染土壤＞HHCB-Cd复合污染土壤＞单一Cd污染土壤.潮土中HHCB在小麦植株各部分的累积量高于褐土,且潮土中Cd对HHCB在小麦植株各部分累积量的影响与褐土中不同.潮土中的单一HHCB在小麦植株根、茎、叶中的累积量顺序为：根＞茎＞叶;Cd能够显著促进HHCB在小麦根部的累积,而对HHCB在小麦茎和叶中的累积则起抑制作用,抑制率最高可达44.07%.褐土中单一HHCB在小麦植株根、茎和叶中的累积顺序为：根>叶>茎;Cd对HHCB在小麦根部累积的影响不显著,但是中高浓度Cd却可显著促进HHCB在小麦茎和叶中的累积,促进率最高可达35.95%.潮土中Cd在小麦植株各部分的累积量低于褐土,但2种土壤中HHCB均能够明显促进Cd在小麦植株根、茎、叶中的累积.潮土中Cd在根、茎、叶中的累积量增加率分别为30.84%、61.82% 和61.82%,褐土中Cd在根、茎、叶中的累积量增加率分别为 41.53%、184.16% 和206.18%,可见褐土中HHCB对Cd在小麦植株中累积的促进作用强于潮土.     

Distribution of mercury in different environmental compartments in the aquatic ecosystem of the coastal zone of the Southern Baltic Sea

The aim of this study was to characterize mercury (Hg) contamination in the coastal waters of the Southern Baltic Sea, and to investigate transformations of Hg in the initial links of the marine food chain. Concentrations of Hg in water, particulate matter, plankton and macrophytes at various stations in the coastal zone (a bay with restricted water exchange, near an industrial city, river mouths, and the open sea) were measured in 2006–2008. Hg concentrations observed in the Southern Baltic varied greatly, showing the highest average values in all environmental compartments near the river mouths. In shallow, sheltered parts of the gulf, where water exchange is restricted, Hg concentrations in the water and in macrophytes were elevated relative to those in the coastal zone of the deeper part of the bay and in the open Baltic. Distance to the river mouth, terrestrial runoff, and quantity and quality of organic matter were more important than seasonal variations in controlling Hg and HgSPM concentrations in water samples. Mercury concentrations in the surface microlayer at the air/sea interface were over 10 times higher than those in the bulk surface water. Concentrations of Hg in macrophytes in the winter were significantly higher than those in the warm seasons (spring, summer, autumn). This was probably the combined effect of higher availability of Hg in porewaters and leaf growth inhibition.     

川中丘陵区不同下垫面集水区氮磷流失特征

通过对2019~2020年不同下垫面集水区(农田集水区与复合集水区)径流及氮磷浓度的连续逐日定位监测,研究川中丘陵区不同下垫面集水区氮磷径流流失过程与强度,探讨下垫面对集水区氮磷径流流失特征的影响.结果表明:不同集水区的径流过程因下垫面不同而存在明显差异,农田集水区内的水田和坑塘的拦蓄作用滞缓了汇流过程,而复合集水区中居民点、公路等不透水下垫面缩短了汇流时间,使得复合集水区的降雨径流量峰值更高,响应速度较农田集水区快12~25min,年径流深较农田集水区多28.1%;次降雨径流过程中磷浓度变化较氮更剧烈,浓度峰值出现时间较氮早约1.2h,在降雨后期磷浓度下降速度更快,降幅更大;复合集水区的氮磷平均事件浓度(EMC)、峰值浓度均高于农田集水区,且两集水区氮流失形态均以硝酸盐氮为主,占总氮的65.9%;磷流失以颗粒态为主,占总磷的67.5%;复合集水区的氮磷流失负荷分别是农田集水区的3.01和4.03倍,氮磷流失强度分别是农田集水区的1.88和2.51倍.因此,复合集水区内氮磷随径流流失的防控可能是未来川中丘陵区面源污染治理的重点.     

Contribution of additives Cu to its accumulation in pig feces： study in Beijing and Fuxin of China

Massive amounts of pig manure are produced by intensive pig farm in China, and the composition of pig manure has changed much due to the use of feed additives. However, little is known about the exact Cu （copper） feed as additives or present as contaminants in pig feed and the residues in feces. One hundred and thirty-seven feeds and one hundred and forty-two fecal samples from 48 pig farms were collected in Beijing and Fuxin cities in 1999 and 2005, respectively. The concentrations of Cu were in the range of 6.86-395.19 mg/kg in the feed samples, and the mean values were in the order of weaner〉 grower-finisher〉 sow＇s feeds. The high concentrations over EU recommendations implied that excessive levels of Cu are fed on many pig farms in Beijing and Fuxin. Cu was also present in high concentrations in feces, and concentrations were highly variable. Cu concentrations in the feces from grower-finisher and weaner pigs were significantly greater than feces of sows. The super-intensive and small-scale farms had higher levels of Cu in feces than the middle farms. Cu concentrations in pig feces were approximately 5-times greater than in pig feeds. Feed management in grower-finisher pigs on super-intensive and small-scale pig farms is needed to reduce high Cu concentrations in feces and risks to soil contamination while feces are land-applied.     

滇西北剑湖沉积物钒空间分布特征和生态风险

用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪（ICP-OES）测定剑湖表层及柱状沉积物钒（V）含量,采用改进BCR连续提取法提取V各形态,并对V空间分布特征和生态风险进行了分析,揭示了粒度对剑湖沉积物V及形态含量的影响.结果表明,剑湖表层沉积物和柱状沉积物颗粒均以粉砂粒和细砂为主,细颗粒V含量更高.表层沉积物V含量为（117.82±63.31）mg/kg,其水平空间分布差异较大.V可交换态、可还原态、可氧化态和残渣态含量分别为（8.91±8.91）,（18.36±10.53）,（7.67±7.67）,（80.22±58.71）mg/kg,主要以残渣态形式存在,且黏粒和粉砂粒对V可还原态和残渣态影响较大.V垂直分布差异大,底层V含量高于表层,少部分区域受黏粒和粉砂粒影响.剑湖沉积物V污染程度小,大部分地区潜在生态风险较低,底层沉积物污染程度和潜在生态风险都高于表层.     

桑沟湾贝类养殖海域石油烃污染状况及其对贝类质量安全的影响

2008年1～11月在桑沟湾贝类养殖海域分别采集表层海水、表层沉积物和养殖贝类样品,进行了石油烃含量分析.依据石油烃含量检测结果,分析了桑沟湾贝类养殖海域海水和沉积物中石油烃含量的分布和变化趋势以及贝类体内石油烃含量水平和种间差异,并对3种介质中石油烃的污染状况进行了评价,最后探讨了贝类体内积累的石油烃及对贝类质量安全...     

Effects of two sludge application on fractionation and phytotoxicity of zinc and copper in the soil

The potential harm of heavy metals is a primary concern in application of sludge to the agricultural land. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of two sludges on fractionation of Zn and Cu in soil and their phytotoxicity to pakchoi. The loamy soil was mixed with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% (by weight) of digested sewage sludge (SS) and composted sludge (SC). The additions of both sludges caused a significant raise in all fractions, resulting in that exchangeable (EXCH) and organic bound (OM) became predominance of Zn and organic bound Cu occupied the largest portion. There was more available amount of Zn and Cu in SS treatments than SC treatments. During the pot experiment, the concentration of Zn in EXCH, carbonate (CAR) and OM and Cu in EXCH and OM fractions decreased in all treatments, so their bioavailability reduced. Germination rate and plant biomass decreased when the addition rate was high and the best yield appeared in 20% mixtures at the harvest of pakchoi. The two sludges increased tissue contents of Zn and Cu especially in the SS treatments. Zn in pakchoi was not only in relationship to ΔEXCH and ΔCAR forms but also in ΔOM forms in the sludge-soil mixtures. Tissue content of Cu in pakchoi grown on SC-soils could not be predicted by ΔEXCH. These correlation rates between Zn and Cu accumulation in pakchoi and variation of different fractions increased with time, which might indicate that sludges represented stronger impacts on the plant in long-term land application.