泰州市主城区环境空气监测点位间监测数据显著性差异统计检验探讨

根据泰州市主城区 (海陵区 )四个测点十年空气环境质量监测数据 SO2 、NOX、TSP平均值 ,对四个测点三项指标显著性差异进行了数理统计检验 (显著性水平为 0 0 5 ,置信度为 95 % )。统计结果表明 ,泰州市主城区四个测点的 SO2 、NOX、TSP三项指标均不存在显著性差异 ,说明在泰州市主城区设立一个空气自动监测子站进行监测基本能反映该区域的环境空气质量。     

烟尘监测中几种实用方法

1采样孔位置确定和开设在符合锅炉烟尘测试规范要求的前提下 ,应尽可能考虑采样人员的安全和操作方便 ;安装采样孔管有利于获得较正确的烟气参数和测试结果。 2采样嘴可应用公式d=Kd′/n或 d=K′ s/n进行预选 ,式中 d为采样嘴直径 ( mm) ;d′为烟道直径 ( mm) ;n是锅炉功率 ;K为经验常数 ;K′为经验常数 ;s为烟道截面积 ( mm2 )。 3对于圆形烟道可选取 Y=0 .2 4 2 R点作为流速测点 ( Y为距管壁距离 ;R为管道半径 ) ,该点也可作为连续监测的测点。 4对于无流量装置的锅炉出力可利用公式 D=1 .4Gη/α来进行估算 ,式中 D为锅炉每小时的蒸…     

环境空气质量不同监测方法的对比

在对环境空气质量的监测中，有些城市存在着人工采样实验室测定和连续自动监测系统监测并行的情况。为考察这两种方法监测结果的异同，于夏季连续20d和冬季连续15d进行了对比监测。监测项目为SO2，NO2和PM10。在对比监测中采取了质量控制措施。对人工采样实验室测定进行了综合采样器流量校正，现场空白样和全程序平行样测定；在自动监测系统中，对SO2，NO2监测仪器作零点，标点校正，PM10监测仪作K0校正。对所测得的209个日均值进行了统计分析，结果表明：SO2，PM10两方面测定结果方差相同，NO2两种方法在冬夏两季方差间均有显著性差异；夏季SO2，PM10，冬季NO2两种方法监测结果一致；冬季SO2，PM10，夏季NO2两种方法监测结果有显著性差异；样品浓度水平及天气状况对两种方法测定结果的差异亦产生较大的影响。     

鞍山市TSP及PM10相关性分析研究

分别在冬季及夏季选取具有典型气候特性的天气,采集空气中TSP和PM10.根据采样前、后滤膜重量之差及采样标况体积,计算TSP质量浓度,分析了TSP和PM10在大气中污染状况,研究了TSP和PM10的相关性及PM10占TSP的比例,并得出结论:在冬、夏二季TSP和PM10的浓度值变化趋势非常相似,在冬季时TSP和PM10...     

校园空气微生物和悬浮物污染评价及相关性分析

在对广西师范大学育才校区教学区、宿舍区、运动场和交通区大气微生物和总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)进行监测的基础上,评价与分析了育才校区大气污染状况。依照中国科学院生态中心推荐使用的空气微生物评价标准,育才校区大气微生物污染轻微,其中交通区和运动场大气微生物含量相对较高,但都能达到清洁空气的标准;大气总悬浮颗粒物污染下午较严重,多数测定值超过了国家环境空气质量标准中的二级标准限值,而上午的测定值相对较低;四个功能区中TSP浓度值为交通区>运动场>教学区>宿舍区。上午空气中TSP浓度与细菌总数具有显著相关性,与霉菌总数相关关系不显著;下午TSP测定值与空气中细菌总数和霉菌总数的相关关系均不显著;校园空气中细菌总数和霉菌总数为极显著相关。     

厦门市大气环境监测优化布点的验证

间断采样和旧监测网络数据与新测点、新方法(24小时连续采样或自动连续监测)所提供的数据可比性如何?在什么条件下可以替代?新监测网络设计是否能用实测结果加以验证?是我们共同关心的问题。因此,1989年我们在新监测网络按连续采样法开展监测的同时,对旧监测网络仍按原来间断采样的规定,同步运转四个月(1、4、7、10月)以便分析。 一、监测条件及设备 新监测网络四个测点。用上海长城仪表厂生产的CW—1A大气连续恒温采样仪进行连续采样,每天早上9:00～10:00到次日早上9:00     

PM2.5中金属元素在线监测与滤膜采集-实验室检测比对

在2017年2月、5月、8月、11月期间各选取20 d连续采样,采用在线监测和滤膜采集-实验室检测2种方法分析南京市大气PM_(2.5)中多种金属元素,并将两方法的测定结果作比对分析。结果表明,K、Fe、Zn、Cu、Pb、Se、V、Ni元素日均值总体相近,其余元素略有差异;Pb、As、V元素相关系数R~2均在0.70及以上,Cu、K、Mn元素相关性略差,均具可比性。Fe、Zn、Ca、Al、Ba、Cr、Ni元素测定更偏向采用滤膜采集-实验室检测法,K、Mn、Pb、Cu、As、V、Se元素测定2种监测方法均可,若要快速且长期监测数据,则在线监测法更好。     

隧道路面沥青摊铺过程空气中TSP和多环芳烃污染研究

分析了隧道沥青摊铺过程环境空气中的TSP及多环芳烃质量浓度。TSP用膜法,中流量采样器采样15 min,重量法分析;超声波萃取,高效液相色法分析多环芳烃。结果表明,摊铺机周围空气中TSP超过8 mg/m3,道路空气中TSP超过3 mg/m3;环境空气中苊烯等12种多环芳烃均有检出,苊烯和艹屈质量浓度较高,苯并[a]芘和二苯并[a,h]蒽质量浓度较低。苯并[a]蒽、苯并[a]芘和二苯并[a,h]蒽超标,对人体健康危害较大。建议加强相关行业PAHs的排放水平及其健康风险研究,制定相关限值标准和沥青摊铺过程环境空气的沥青烟监测方法标准。     

镇江地区土壤中重金属Cu和Pb污染状况与空间分布

为了锯镇江地区土壤中重金属Cu和Ph的污染状况与空间分布，对镇江地区表层土壤中的Cu和Pb进行了采样监测。结果表明，镇江地区表层土壤中cu的含量为19．2～273mg／kg，Pb的含量为20．6～3846mg／kg。与全省土壤背景值相比，均有一定程度的富集。对cu和Pb的相互关系进行分析可得出，镇江地区土壤在一定程度上受到农业面源的污染。     

川南6市空气中SO2和NO2空间分布特征

利用简单、方便、不用电源的被动采样技术分别对川南地区6市区域范围内空气中SO2和NO2在雨季和旱季的空间分布特征进行研究。按16 km×16 km的均匀网格布设点位162个,并在雨季于6市各选1个空气自动站布设城区点位采集空气中SO2和NO2。获得的样品经0.3%的双氧水浸提后采用离子色谱法进行分析,经换算后获得空气中SO2和NO2的浓度,了解了其含量水平,绘制了SO2和NO2的空间分布图,掌握了其空间分布特征,并对可能的来源进行了浅析。将被动采样监测结果与自动站监测结果进行相关分析,两者高度线性相关,NO2和SO2线性相关系数分别为0.901 3和0.874 5,均大于r0.05(4)=0.811 4。     

Assessment of lead, zinc, copper, nickel and chromium in total suspended particulate matter from the workplace in Al-Rusayl Industrial Estate, Oman

Total suspended particulates (TSP) were collected with a high volume sampler from the indoor work environment of 23 industries in Al-Rusayl Industrial Estate in Muscat, Oman. The values measured ranged from 39 microg m(-3) to 1033 microg m(-3). TSP in the ambient air of the area was found to have an average value of 1802 microg m(-3). TSP were analyzed for Pb, Cu, Ni, Zn and Cr. Compared to other metals, Pb emission was high with values ranging from 3 to 15 109 ng m(-3) with the mean value being 1 293 ng m(-3); Cu concentration varied from 3 to 2600 ng m(-3) with a mean value of 131 ng m(-3); Ni concentration ranged from 6 to 46 ng m(-3) with a mean value of 17 ng m(-3); Cr concentration ranged from 1 to 133 ng m(-3) with a mean value of 23 ng m(-3) while that of Zn varied from 0.01 to 1 978 ng m(-3) with the mean value being 464 ng m(-3). The concentrations of Pb, Ni, Cu, Cr, and Zn in the ambient air were also measured and found to have the following values: 122, 18, 16, 5 and 0.01 ng m(-3), respectively. These values indicate that the industries in the area do not contribute significantly to heavy metal air pollution.     

Short-term variation in air quality associated with firework events: a case study

The effect of fireworks on air quality was assessed from the ambient concentrations of various air pollutants (SO2, NO2, PM10 and TSP) during Diwali festival in Hisar city (India), in November 1999. The extensive use of fireworks was found to be related to short-term variation in air quality. During the festival the concentration of SO2 was observed to be increased approximately 10-fold at few sites, whereas the concentrations of NO2, PM10 and TSP increased 2-3 times, compared to the data collected on a typical winter day in December 1999. The maximum NO2 concentration was observed a day after the festival. The diurnal pattern of the above pollutants showed a slight increase in the night. The levels of these pollutants observed during Diwali were found to be moderately high, which can be associated with serious health impacts.     

Study of temporal variation in ambient air quality during Diwali festival in India

The variation in air quality was assessed from the ambient concentrations of various air pollutants [total suspended particle (TSP), particulate matter ≤10 μm (PM₁₀), SO₂, and NO₂] for pre-Diwali, Diwali festival, post-Diwali, and foggy day (October, November, and December), Delhi (India), from 2002 to 2007. The extensive use of fireworks was found to be related to short-term variation in air quality. During the festival, TSP is almost of the same order as compared to the concentration at an industrial site in Delhi in all the years. However, the concentrations of PM₁₀, SO₂, and NO₂ increased two to six times during the Diwali period when compared to the data reported for an industrial site. Similar trend was observed when the concentrations of pollutants were compared with values obtained for a typical foggy day each year in December. The levels of these pollutants observed during Diwali were found to be higher due to adverse meteorological conditions, i.e., decrease in 24 h average mixing height, temperature, and wind speed. The trend analysis shows that TSP, PM₁₀, NO₂, and SO₂ concentration increased just before Diwali and reached to a maximum concentration on the day of the festival. The values gradually decreased after the festival. On Diwali day, 24-h values for TSP and PM₁₀ in all the years from 2002 to 2007 and for NO₂ in 2004 and 2007 were found to be higher than prescribed limits of National Ambient Air Quality Standards and exceptionally high (3.6 times) for PM₁₀ in 2007. These results indicate that fireworks during the Diwali festival affected the ambient air quality adversely due to emission and accumulation of TSP, PM₁₀, SO₂, and NO_2.     

燃煤电厂周边大气重金属污染特征及来源解析

为探究燃煤电厂周边大气环境中重金属的污染特征与来源,对广东某山区燃煤电厂周边地区环境和污染源的重金属进行测定,分析其污染特征,采用因子分析法和Pb同位素示踪法对环境中的重金属进行来源解析。结果表明,研究区域室内积尘中重金属浓度水平明显高于土壤重金属,污染空间分布与当地气象条件相关。环境空气TSP中重金属主要来自2个污染源,Cd、Pb、As主要来自电厂燃煤,Ca、Mn、Al、Mg主要来自土壤扬尘。TSP、降尘、积尘样品所含的Pb均与电厂采集的煤、炉渣、粉煤灰样品所含的Pb具有同源性,与其他污染源同源性不明显,说明研究区域大气中Pb污染主要来自电厂燃烧所排放的烟尘,其他污染源影响不大。     

TSP, PM depositions, and trace elements in the vicinity of a cement plant and their source apportionments using chemical mass balance model in Izmir, Turkey

Total suspended particles mass concentrations (TSP) and bulk depositions of particulate matter (PM depositions) were measured around a cement plant located in the multi-impacted area to assess the affect of the plant on the ambient air in the vicinity in Izmir, Turkey. TSP samples were collected five times a month whereas PM depositions were sampled monthly at four sites between August 2003 and January 2004. The concentrations of Al, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn in TSP and PM depositions (except Cu) were reported. Chemical mass balance (CMB) receptor model with local source profiles was run in order to calculate the source contributions of the PM sources to the concentrations of TSP, PM depositions, and trace elements. Traffic was found to be the major contributor to TSP whereas PM depositions dominantly result from area sources including several stone quarries, concrete plants, lime kilns, and asphalt plants in the region. CMB model results indicate that the cement plant is a significant contributor to TSP, PM depositions, and trace elements, particularly Cd.     

Particulate emission inventory and trends in ambient particulate matter concentrations in the Czech Republic between 1993 and 1999

Trends in total suspended particulates (TSP) emissioninventories were compared with ambient TSP concentrationsduring the period of 1993-1999 in the Czech Republic. TheTSP annual emission decreased within the period of observationfrom 441 300 to 67 000 of metric tonnes (by 85%). During thesame period a less pronounced downward trend from80.3 g m^-3 to 31.5g m^-3 (decrease by 61%)was noted also for the ambient TSP annual average. Differencebetween the two air quality indicators seems to indicate thatchanges in TSP emission inventories from year to year arebeing to some extent overestimated. Monthly ambientparticulate concentrations did not respond to overall drop inemissions proportionately but were closely associated withmonthly mean temperatures. While in the winter the correlationbetween ambient TSP and temperature was negative, in summerthe correlation between the two variables was positive. Inspring and autumn there was no clear correlation betweentemperature and ambient particulate pollution. The improvementof air quality in the Czech Republic since the economical andpolitical transformation in 1990s is substantial whendemonstrated by emission figures, however, true state ofparticulate pollution expressed by ambient levels requiresfurther attention.     

A passive sampling method to determine ammonia in ambient air

Ambient ammonia concentrations, mainly originating from agricultural activities, have increased in the last few decades in Europe. As a consequence, critical loads on oligotrophic ecosystems such as forests and mires are greatly exceeded. Monitoring of ambient ammonia concentrations is necessary in order to investigate source-receptor relationships. Measuring ambient ammonia concentrations continuously with high time resolution is very expensive and cost-efficient systems are required. Where time resolution is of minor importance, several cost-effective systems, mainly dry denuder and passive samplers, can be applied. In this paper the Zürcher passive sampler, a diffusive sampling system, is presented. It is a Palmes type sampler with an acidic solution as absorbent and is easy to handle. It was tested at 46 sites in Switzerland over one year. The average concentration in ambient air was 2.5 microg m(-3) +/- 0.4 microg m(-3). The average of the blank values were 0.21 microg m(-3). The detection limit (double the standard deviation of the blank values) was 0.36 microg m(-3). Three passive samplers were exposed at each site and each period. The mean standard deviation of these triplicate measurements was 9.5%. Compared with a discontinuous tubular denuder system and a continuous annular denuder system, the deviation was less than 10%. The Zürcher passive sampler is a useful and cost-efficient tool to determine long-term average ammonia concentrations (one- to four-week periods) in ambient air for mean concentrations above 1 microg m(-3).     

Characteristics of Hazardous Airborne Dust Around an Indian Surface Coal Mining Area

Surface coal mining creates more air pollution problems with respect to dust than underground mining . An investigation was conducted to evaluate the characteristics of the airborne dust created by surface coal mining in the Jharia Coalfield. Work zone air quality monitoring was conducted at six locations, and ambient air quality monitoring was conducted at five locations, for a period of 1 year. Total suspended particulate matter (TSP) concentration was found to be as high as 3,723 μg/m³, respirable particulate matter (PM10) 780 μg/m³, and benzene soluble matter was up to 32% in TSP in work zone air. In ambient air, the average maximum level of TSP was 837 μg/m³, PM10 170 μg/m³ and benzene soluble matter was up to 30%. Particle size analysis of TSP revealed that they were more respirable in nature and the median diameter was around 20 μm. Work zone air was found to have higher levels of TSP, PM10 and benzene soluble materials than ambient air. Variations in weight percentages for different size particles are discussed on the basis of mining activities. Anionic concentration in TSP was also determined. This paper concludes that more stringent air quality standards should be adopted for coal mining areas and due consideration should be given on particle size distribution of the air-borne dust while designing control equipment.     

北方某市环境空气颗粒物中重金属污染状况研究

对我国北方某市大气颗粒物的污染状况进行了研究。在主导风向上设置采样点,于冬季、夏季分别采集TSP、PM₁₀、PM_2.5 3种不同动力学直径的大气颗粒物。采用ICP-MS对TSP、PM₁₀、PM_2.5中的元素浓度进行分析,并对3种不同粒径颗粒物中的10种重金属采用富集因子法进行评价。结果表明,北方某市环境空气颗粒物中富集程度最严重的为Cd、Pb;在采暖期,随着颗粒物粒径变小,Pb、Cd的富集指数呈现逐渐增大的趋势;非采暖期则无此趋势。     

江苏省环境空气质量趋势监测点的优选

介绍了江苏省环境空气监测网络的构成和环境空气质量趋势监测点的优选方法。通过对1993年-2000年全省13个少辖市60个监测点的SO2、TSP监测结果的相关指标统计，分别优选出代表全省及省辖市的环境空气质量趋势监测点12个和25个。