铜-胺改性ZSM-5吸附剂的制备及其对NOx的净化机理

以ZSM-5分子筛粉体为原料，成型后负载铜盐和有机胺改性，制备出一种高效脱除氮氧化物的吸附剂。通过改变铜盐、有机胺的含量以及铜盐活化温度使吸附剂的性能得到优化，在实验条件下（NO₂初浓度1 000 mg/m³，气流2.7 L/min）床层对NO₂动态吸附的透过时间由改性前的3 min提高到90 min，并使NO气体的释放得到有效减缓。通过动态吸附实验研究了NO释放时间在负载前后的变化，通过X射线光电子能谱（XPS）和红外分析（FTIR）研究了吸附剂表面铜元素、有机基团等在吸附前后的变化规律，提出了可能的净化机理。     

Fenton氧化法降解丙烯酸废水的研究

利用废铁屑与H₂O₂形成的Fenton氧化反应来降解工业丙烯酸废水中的丙烯酸。在间歇反应器中，系统地考察了反应时间、H2O2浓度、液固比(废水质量∶固体质量)和反应温度对丙烯酸的降解率的影响，优选了工艺条件。在连续固定床反应器中进行了对比实验，以考察固液接触状态的影响及系统的稳定性。结果表明，废铁屑与H₂O₂构成的Fenton体系能有效地降解废水中的丙烯酸。在间歇工况下，适宜的条件为，液固比40∶1，温度20～25℃，H₂O₂浓度800 mg/L ，反应时间35 min，在此条件下，丙烯酸的降解率可达到95%以上。对比实验表明，固液接触状态对降解效果的影响不大，铁屑的性能稳定，在连续93 h的稳定性实验中，丙烯酸的降解率保持在90%左右。     

硬脂酸改性磁铁矿在含油污水处理中的应用

研究了水溶液中硬脂酸改性后磁铁矿吸附石油的特性,测定了温度、改性剂用量和时间等因素对改性以及吸附的影响,并对吸附后磁铁矿进行了再生。通过对红外图谱、扫描电镜图谱等的分析,对改性及吸附机理进行了探讨。结果表明,硬脂酸改性磁铁矿的最佳改性条件为常温20℃,改性时间45 min,改性剂用量硬脂酸与磁铁矿的质量比为4%,改性过程中伴随着物理和化学变化,硬脂酸在磁铁矿表面形成了双分子层包覆。改性后的磁铁矿表面湿润性降低,改性磁铁矿吸附石油符合Langmu ir型吸附等温线,最大吸附量为749.23 mg/g,最大去除率达93%。对饱和吸附后的改性磁铁矿经再生处理后,石油去除率稳定在85%。     

氨基功能氧化石墨烯的制备(DH-GO)及其对废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的去除效果

本研究通过一步合成法,以二氨基胍盐酸盐(DH)为改性剂,以戊二醛为交联剂,制备了氨基功能化氧化石墨烯(DH-GO).利用单一变量法优化制备条件后,得到最优参数为:改性时间2.5h,温度35℃,pH=10,m(GO∶DH)=1∶5.通过红外和拉曼光谱、扫描电镜等手段对DH-GO进行了形貌的表征和结构的分析,发现改性材料表...     

煤基活性炭的改性及其对含铜废水的吸附性能

利用乙二胺四乙酸二钠(EDTA-Na2)对煤基颗粒活性炭进行改性以提高其对废水中Cu2+的去除效率,探讨了温度、EDTA-Na_2浓度、改性时间和固液比对活性炭改性的影响。结果表明:在124℃、0.14 MPa的条件下,利用0.05 mol/L的EDTA-Na_2溶液改性处理煤基活性炭,当固液比1∶10、浸渍时间40 min时,所制备的活性炭对模拟含Cu~(2+)废水的去除率高达90.8%,而未经改性处理的活性炭对废水中Cu~(2+)的去除率仅为60.9%。采用比表面积和孔径测定(BET)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)和扫描电镜(SEM)等对改性前后活性炭表面结构和性能进行表征。在优化条件下制备的改性活性炭羟基含量增多,微晶尺度变小,表面活性位增多,有利于Cu~(2+)的吸附。     

利用高炉瓦斯泥中的锌制备活性氧化锌的研究

利用高炉炼铁瓦斯泥中的锌,采用火法富集和湿法浸取制取活性氧化锌。考察了温度、时间对火法富集产品中氧化锌含量和原料瓦斯泥中锌挥发率的影响,确定了富集工艺的最佳条件为:在氮气氛围下,温度从常温以10℃/min升温至1 000℃并且在1 000℃下保持1 h,得到的富集产品中氧化锌含量82.24%;瓦斯泥中锌挥发率97%。同时考察了温度、氨水用量、碳酸氢铵用量和液固比等因素对氧化锌浸取率的影响。确定的最佳工艺条件为:浸取温度40℃,氨水用量为理论量的2倍,碳酸氢铵用量为理论量的2倍,液固比4∶1,浸取时间2 h,氧化锌浸取率达99.9%。湿法制得的活性前驱体碱式碳酸锌,经煅烧得到纯度为98.4%的活性氧化锌产品,氧化锌的总回收率达95.3%。     

“球磨+浮选”联合工艺处理罐底油泥的效果

针对罐底油泥水洗过程中存在的油相与固相分离难度大、回收的油分中含固率与含水率较高2个关键问题,研究了以"球磨+浮选"为核心的联合工艺的处理效果。对球磨和浮选工艺参数进行优化后,确定球磨段的最优处理条件为球磨温度45℃,液固比3∶1,球磨处理时间30 min,球磨药剂用量0.8%;浮选段的最优处理条件为浮选温度55℃、液固比4∶1、浮选时间35 min、浮选药剂用量0.6%。结果表明:在最优条件下,处理后罐底油泥的固体出料含油率可降低到0.8%,达到了SY/T 7301-2016中规定的处理处置要求;处理过程中得到的原油经过油品纯化后,含水率与含固率均低于0.5%,可在炼厂进行回收利用。以"球磨+浮选"为核心的联合工艺较好地解决了罐底油泥在水洗过程中暴露出来的2个问题,为罐底油泥的无害化、资源化处理提供了参考。     

废弃印刷线路板碘化法浸金研究

针对碘化法从废弃印刷线路板中提取金的工艺设计，分别考察了碘的质量分数、n(I₂)/n(I^-)比值、固液比、双氧水的质量分数、pH值、浸出时间和浸出温度对金浸出率的影响。结合正交设计优化实验方法,提出了从废弃印刷线路板中碘化法浸取金的最佳工艺条件：碘的质量分数为1.1％，n(I₂)∶n(I^-)=1∶10，双氧水的质量分数为1.5％，浸出时间4 h，固液比为1∶10，浸出温度为常温（25℃），溶液pH值为中性，此时金浸出率可达97.5％。     

改性壳聚糖复合凹凸棒土絮凝油漆废水

将壳聚糖、阳离子淀粉和二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)进行三元接枝共聚,制备了三元接枝改性壳聚糖(CTS-DMDAAC-CS),通过红外光谱和扫描电镜对其结构进行了表征。并且将三元接枝改性壳聚糖与凹凸棒土进行优化复配,对油漆废水进行了絮凝实验,得出了当pH=12,沉降时间为20 min,复合絮凝剂投加量为0.2 g,三元接枝共聚物∶凹凸棒土=1∶10时,该复合絮凝剂对油漆去除率最佳能够达到89.3%,并且絮凝效果好,是一种新型绿色环保的有机-无机复合絮凝剂。     

多孔陶瓷滤料的亲油改性及其除油性能

研究了铝酸酯偶联剂对多孔陶瓷滤料的亲油改性及改性滤料的除油性能。用正交实验优化改性工艺,并对改性前后滤料用FTIR、SEM、密度、孔隙率及接触角等手段进行表征。结果表明:最佳改性工艺参数为铝酸酯偶联剂5%(改性液质量分数)、改性温度90℃、改性时间20 min和涂层次数1次。改性滤料FTIR图在2 920.95 cm-1和2 851.63cm-1处出现了CH3、CH2等特征吸收峰,其密度和孔隙率减小,而对水的接触角明显增大,表明多孔陶瓷滤料亲油改性成功。用改性滤料处理模拟油田采出水,控制滤速15 m/h,20 min后采样测出水中油的浓度,其去油率由预处理65.18%增加到96.46%;穿透曲线的研究表明,原始、预处理及改性滤料运行时间分别为48、85和149 min,可见改性滤料的运行时间更长,其较原始与预处理滤料分别延长了101 min和64 min,且其去油率能持续45 min维持在90%以上。可见经亲油改性的多孔陶瓷滤料是一种良好的聚结除油材料。     

盐泥吸附剂对直接染料的平衡吸附行为和热力学性质研究

以染料废水处理用盐泥吸附剂的开发为目的，在静态吸附条件下，研究了含镁盐泥对直接大红、直接深蓝和直接黑3种直接染料的吸附行为，并对吸附过程的热力学进行了分析。结果表明，吸附平衡数据都能够较好地符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温方程，但Langmuir方程能够更好地描述吸附等温线。在25～30℃范围内，3种直接染料在盐泥上的吸附是一个吸热过程，同时伴随着熵值的增加，反应的吉布斯自由能变小。吸附是物理和化学吸附并存的吸附过程，主要推动力为化学键力（化学吸附），同时可能存在范德华力（物理吸附），吸附焓变在74120～87332 kJ/mol之间。     

Competition between polyphosphate- and glycogen-accumulating organisms in enhanced-biological-phosphorus-removal systems: effect of temperature and sludge age.

Temperature and sludge age were found to be important factors in determining the outcome of competition between polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) and glycogen-accumulating non-polyphosphate organisms (GAOs) and the resultant stability of enhanced-biological-phosphorus removal (EBPR). At 20 degrees C and a 10-day sludge age, PAOs were dominant in an anaerobic/aerobic (A/O) sequencing-batch reactor (SBR), as a result of their higher anaerobic-acetate-uptake rate and aerobic-biomass yield than GAOs. However, at 30 degrees C and a 10-day sludge age, GAOs were able to outcompete PAOs in the A/O SBR because of their higher anaerobic-acetate-uptake rate than PAOs. At 30 degrees C and a 5-day sludge age, GAOs coexisted with PAOs in the A/O SBR, resulting in unstable EBPR performance. At 30 degrees C, reducing the sludge age from 5 to 3 days improved the EBPR efficiency drastically, and the EBPR performance was stable. The maximum specific-anaerobic-acetate-uptake rates of GAO-enriched sludge were affected by temperature with the Arrhenius temperature coefficient theta of 0.042 (degrees C(-1) between 10 and 30 degrees C. The effect of sludge age (5 and 10 days) on the maximum specific-anaerobic-acetate-uptake rates of GAO-enriched activated sludge, however, was not significant. For the PAO-enriched activated sludge, the maximum specific-anaerobic-acetate-uptake rate did not change significantly between 20 and 30 degrees C, but significantly increased from 0.38 to 0.52 mmol-C/ mmol-C/h as the sludge age decreased from 10 to 3 days at 30 degrees C.     

Toxicity of tributyltin to willow trees

BACKGROUND: Tributyltin is an organotin compound, used as an antifouling agent in ship paint, with heavy impact on the marine environment. Contaminated dredged harbor sludge is now dumped on land. The toxicity of tributyltin (TBT) to trees has not yet been quantified. Eventually, a vegetation cover on the dumped sludge could be established for the purpose of non-food cash crop production and phytoremediation. METHODS: The phytotoxicity of tributyltin chloride (TBTCl) and tributyltin hydride (TBTH) was measured at pH 4 and at pH 7 using the willow tree transpiration test. Different pH levels of the nutrient solutions were achieved by adding ammonium salt (low pH) or nitrate (high pH) as nitrogen source. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: At low pH (pH 4), all trees showed symptoms of poor health. Transpiration decreased at concentrations above or equal to 0.1 mg TBTCl/l and 1 mg TBTH/L. The TBT toxicity was more pronounced at pH 7. The trees survived even the highest dose of 10 mg/l TBTCl or TBTH, although their growth and transpiration was strongly reduced. CONCLUSION: In contrast to other organisms, TBTCl and TBTH were less toxic to higher plants. RECOMMENDATIONS AND OUTLOOK: The toxicity of TBT is no hindrance for establishing vegetation on TBT-contaminated sludge. Phytoremediation and cash crop production could be possible with suitable plants.     

新型改性聚丙烯酰胺的合成及对污泥调理效果的研究

采用原位聚合法,在聚丙烯酰胺的聚合过程中引入金属离子进行改性,合成了一种新型改性聚丙烯酰胺.通过正交实验确定了改性聚丙烯酰胺的最佳合成条件.红外图谱显示,该聚丙烯酰胺是一种具有特殊结构的有机高分子化合物.以污泥脱水率和污泥比阻为考察指标,研究了改性聚丙烯酰胺对污水处理厂剩余活性污泥脱水性能的影响,结果表明,在每1000...     

Preparation of biofilm electrode with Xanthomonas sp. and carbon nanotubes and the application to rapid biochemical oxygen demand analysis in high-salt condition

A Xanthomonas sp. was isolated from the sludge on the drain outlet of a pharmaceutical factory. Then, the bacterium and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were co-attached to an oxygen electrode for rapid analysis of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). The response current was linear with BOD values in the range 10 to 300 mg/L for standard BOD solution with a response time of 35 seconds (R = 0.9994) and 20 to 580 mg/L for pharmaceutical wastewater with a response time < or =200 seconds (R = 0.9985), which means that this modified electrode might be used for online BOD analysis of pharmaceutical wastewater. Further studies revealed that the modified electrode can be used for BOD measurement in a high-salt condition. Also, the bacterium/CNTs biofilm can maintain its activity and good performance, even after being sealed and stored at 4 degrees C for 50 days.     

高稳定性污泥蛋白发泡剂的发泡特性及应用研究

以污泥蛋白为实验材料，通过加入不同量的稳定剂GP-1，配制成高稳定性污泥蛋白发泡剂，并对高稳定性污泥蛋白发泡剂的发泡特性和影响因素进行研究。结果表明，以污泥蛋白10 mL、水90 mL、GP-1 0.4 g配方组合为研究对象，所制备的泡沫初始体积为770 mL，泡沫泌水时间大于15 h，泡沫半衰期大于64 h，泡沫综合发泡能力为2.2×10⁶ mL·min，泡沫的最佳搅拌时间为5 min，泡沫的泌水时间和泡沫的半衰期都是随着温度的上升而下降，在pH为3～13时泡沫稳定。经过对高稳定性污泥蛋白发泡剂发泡特性研究以及对水泥的胶凝时间、特性进行比较，研制出污泥蛋白泡沫混凝土发泡剂，并制备污泥蛋白泡沫混凝土块；结果表明，当污泥蛋白泡沫混凝土发泡剂的用量分别为0、6、6.8、7.6、8.4和9.2 mL，水泥为200 g时，制备泡沫混凝土块，其密度由2.07 g/cm³下降到0.34 g/cm³，体积由130 cm³ 上升到755 cm³；在泡沫混凝土块脱模后的第1 d、第7 d、第28 d分别称量他们的重量变化情况，结果表明，泡沫混凝土块第1 d和第7 d无重量变化，第28 d的重量明显减轻。该研究为污泥蛋白研制成为泡沫混凝土发泡剂，并应用于屋面隔热、保温建立前期基础。     

Effects of lime amendment on availability of heavy metals and maturation in sewage sludge composting

A batch composting study was performed to evaluate the feasibility of co-composting sewage sludge with lime, aiming at reducing the availability of heavy metals in the sludge compost. Sewage sludge with sawdust as bulking agent was amended with lime at 0, 0.63, 1.0, and 1.63% w/w, and composted for 100 days in laboratory batch reactors. The changes in temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and extractable heavy metal contents were measured while compost maturity was determined by C/N(organic) and cress seed germination during the composting period. Liming raised pH of compost effectively at the initial stage of composting and caused a decrease in EC through precipitation of soluble ions. Lime amendment also significantly reduced water-soluble and Diethylene triamine pentracetic acid (DTPA)-extractable metal contents. The maximum reductions were 60 and 40% for Cu, 80 and 40% for Mn, 55 and 10% for Zn, and 20 and 25% for Ni at the end of the composting period for the lime-amended sludge as compared to the control. In spite of the inhibitory effect of lime amendment on the decomposition activity of sewage sludge, all treatments reached maturation after 63 days of composting as indicated by the results of C/N(organic) ratio and cress seed germination test results. A lime amendment of < or =1.0% is recommended to co-compost with sewage sludge.     

NaCl盐度对耐盐活性污泥沉降性能及脱氮的影响

针对海水冲厕工程的实施,采用序批式活性污泥反应器(SBR)处理实际含盐生活污水,考察了盐度对耐盐活性污泥沉降性能及脱氮效能的影响。研究发现,经过长期盐度驯化后的污泥系统也会出现丝状菌污泥膨胀。在经过10 g/L盐度长期驯化的污泥系统中,污泥容积指数(SVI)随着盐度的升高而降低,盐度升高使丝状菌减少,污泥絮体变小变密实。但是,盐度降低时会引发更严重的污泥膨胀,导致污泥流失。对脱氮性能的研究表明,硝化菌的耐盐能力较强。当盐度由10 g/L改变为0、5、15、20 g/L时,氨氮去除率依然可以维持在99%以上。但亚硝酸盐积累率无论是盐度升高或降低时都升高,这表明驯化后污泥中的亚硝酸氧化菌(NOB)对盐度变化的耐受能力比氨氧化菌(AOB)弱,无论盐度升高或降低都会对其产生较大的影响。     

颗粒污泥与絮状污泥处理垃圾渗滤液的耐盐性能比较

通过批次实验系统研究了好氧颗粒污泥和絮状污泥处理垃圾渗滤液时的耐盐性能。实验结果表明,进水含盐量小于10 000 mg/L时,实验所用好氧颗粒污泥和絮状污泥的有机物去除能力、沉降性能、污泥活性基本上不受进水含盐量变化的影响。当进水含盐量大于10 000 mg/L时,随着进水含盐量的增大,絮状污泥的污泥沉降指数(SVI)快速减小,污泥活性及去除有机物的能力下降;相比而言,好氧颗粒污泥沉降性能更为稳定,SVI基本维持在30 mL/g左右,污泥活性及去除有机物的能力缓慢下降。当进水含盐量重新降低时,好氧颗粒污泥沉降性能变化不大,污泥活性及去除有机物的能力恢复迅速;而絮状污泥沉降性能变差,污泥活性及去除有机物的能力仍受较大抑制。     

市政污泥深度脱水药剂优化研究简

污泥含水率高影响污泥后续处置。利用化学药剂对污泥进行深度脱水处理可使污泥减量化、稳定化。为提高深度脱水效果，对添加剂进行了种类和添加量的优化研究（石灰、工业石灰、粉煤灰、硅藻土、十二烷基磺酸钠和飞灰；5%、10%、15%、20%、25%和30%），另外，还进行了复合投加实验。研究结果表明，石灰、工业石灰、粉煤灰的深度脱水效果最好；复合添加中，25%石灰+5%粉煤灰，20%石灰+10%粉煤灰，10%石灰+20%粉煤灰的深度脱水效果最好。5%的石灰或者工业石灰的添加剂量使干化污泥pH值达到12.25，粉煤灰、硅藻土、十二烷基磺酸钠和飞灰的添加对干化污泥pH值影响相对要小。