Catalyzed degradation of disperse dyes by calcium alginate-pectin entrapped bitter gourd （Momordica charantia） peroxidase

Calcium-alginate pectin entrapped bitter gourd peroxidase (BGP) has been employed for the treatment of disperse dyes: Disperse Brown 1 (DB 1) and Disperse Red 17 (DR 17). Peroxidase alone was unable to decolorize DR 17 and DB 1. However, the investigated dyes were decolorized maximally by BGP in the presence of 0.2 mmol/L redox mediator, violuric acid (VA). A slow decrease in percent decolorization was observed when VA concentration was higher than 0.2 mmol/L which could likely be due to the high reactivity of its aminoxyl radical (> N–O.) intermediate, that might undergo chemical reactions with aromatic amino acid side chains of the enzyme thereby inactivating it. Maximum decolorization of the dyes was observed at pH 3.0 and 40°C within 2 hr of incubation. Immobilized peroxidase decolorized 98% DR 17 and 71% DB 1 using 35 U of BGP in batch process in 90 min. Immobilized enzyme decolorized 85% DR 17 and 51% DB 1 whereas soluble enzyme decolorized DR 17 to 48% and DB 1 to 30% at 60°C. UV-visible spectral analysis was used to evaluate the degradation of these dyes and their toxicity was tested by Allium cepa test. The generally observed higher stability of the bioaffinity bound enzymes against various forms of inactivation may be related to the specific and strong binding of enzyme with bioaffinity support which prevents the unfolding/denaturation of enzyme. Thus entrapped peroxidase was found to be effective in the decolorization of the investigated dyes.     

Trametes sp.SQ01和Chaetomium sp.R01混合培养对四种染料的脱色

利用本实验室新构建的白腐菌Trametes sp.SQ01和毛壳菌Chaetomium sp.R01混合培养体系,对刚果红、酸性红、橙黄G和溴酚蓝4种染料进行了脱色研究.结果表明,SQ01与R01混合培养所产生的锰过氧化物酶(MnP)酶活比菌株SQ01单独培养时提高了约5.5倍.菌株R01的接种量、接种时间对混合培养中...     

真菌和细菌对染料的吸附脱色及再生能力的研究

进行了真菌和细菌共培养对染料的吸附脱色和吸附脱色能力再生的研究。结果表明，青霉菌G－1首先对偶氮染料S－119、蒽醌染料艳紫KN－B（C．I．Reactive violet 22）水溶液中染料进行快速吸附去除，菌丝对同种染料的吸附速度随菌丝培养液中葡萄糖浓度的增加而加快，吸附染料的G－1菌丝在与细菌的共培养中完成对染料的脱色降解，脱色速度受培养液中葡萄和氮源浓度影响较大，从吸附速率和完全脱色时间综合评价，以葡萄糖浓度为5g/L、酒石酸铵为20mmol/L的培养基中培养的菌丝对染料的吸附脱色效果最好，吸附在菌丝上的艳紫KN－B脱色后菌丝吸附脱色能力得到再生，菌丝对100mg/L的艳紫KN－B染料水溶液可重复处理4次。青霉菌G－1对酸性染料废水处理3h，色度去除率为75．9％，吸附染料的菌丝在与细菌共培养中完成对染料的脱色，对试验所用染料废水，菌丝的处理能力获得1次再生。     

亮蓝与日落黄染料的水中电晕放电脱色比较

利用一种能够产生大体积水下脉冲电晕放电的同轴棒-筒电极结构对亮蓝及日落黄染料溶液进行脱色降解,从耗时及耗能角度对脱色效果进行对比。实验发现溶液电导率增加对两种染料脱色速率影响都不大,但能耗增加,相同电导率下日落黄脱色速率大于亮蓝,而能耗低于亮蓝。pH值升高时两种染料脱色速率都减慢且能耗增加,酸性条件下日落黄脱色速率大于亮蓝、能耗低于亮蓝。     

Production of laccase by Coriolus versicolor and its application in decolorization of dyestuffs: (Ⅱ) Decolorization of dyes by laccase containing fermentation broth with or without self-immobilized mycelia

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DTT对三苯基甲烷染料脱色的研究

研究了二硫苏糖醇(dithiothreitol,DTT)对三苯基甲烷染料的还原脱色作用.以孔雀石绿为代表,优化了反应体系中DTT的用量,目的是考察孔雀石绿和DTT之间的定量关系,并明确DTT对孔雀石绿的脱色能力.分析了反应体系pH值对DTT还原力的影响.结果表明,在pH值>5的反应体系中,平均每1 mol DTT可在1 min内脱色4 mol孔雀石绿,脱色率高达97%.脱色产物经HPLC分析表明,孔雀石绿被DTT还原脱色为隐色孔雀石绿.隐色孔雀石绿可继续与氧化态的DTT结合成为水不溶性的络合物,形成白色沉淀.DTT对结晶紫、灿烂绿及碱性品红的脱色作用均达到85%以上,以此确定DTT是一类广谱的三苯基甲烷类染料脱色剂.     

肠杆菌对偶氮染料活性黑5的脱色研究

从实验室处理印染废水的改良厌氧-缺氧-好氧系统的活性污泥中分离出对偶氮染料具有脱色活性的菌体,研究了不同pH值、脱色温度、接菌量以及装液量等条件对菌株降解活性黑5的影响,并设计正交实验,获得其降解模拟偶氮染料废水的最佳反应条件.研究结果表明,菌株Enterobacter sp.Gl在30℃、pH为6、装液量为100 m...     

青霉菌(Penicillium sp.)对三种活性染料的吸附和降解

通过14C标记底物的矿化实验发现青霉菌对多聚芳香族化合物有一定降解能力,本研究以3种偶氮和蒽醌型活性染料为作用底物,结果表明,青霉菌G-1 (Penicillium sp.)对染料进行吸附,吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型,最大理论吸附量(Q_max)可达169.5～243.9mg/g干重,被吸附染料最早在第4d完全脱色降解,有菌丝和去除菌丝的培养液中再次加入染料,均可在20～30h内使染料完全脱色降解.     

Production of laccase by Coriolus versicolor and its application in decolorization of dyestuffs: (Ⅱ) Decolorization of dyes by laccase containing fermentation broth with or without self-immobilized mycelia

The capability of decolorization for commercial dyes by Coriolus versicolur fermentation broth containing laccase with or without immobilized mycelium was evaluated.With cell-free fermentation broth containing laccase,high decolorization ratio was achieved for acid orange 7,but not for the other dyes concerned.The immobilized mycelium was proved to be more efficient than the cell-free system.All the four dyestuffs studied were found being decolourized with certain extent by immobilized mycelium.The repeated-batch decolorization was carried out with satisfactory results.The experimental data showed that the continuous decolorization of wastewater from a printing and dyeing industry was possible by using self-immobilized C.Versicolor.     

Comparison of decolorization of reactive microorganisms isolated from various sources

Azo dyes are among the oldest man-made chemicals and they are still widely used in the textile, printing and the food industries.About 10% - 15% of the total dyes used in the industry is released into the environment during the manufacturing and usage. Some dyes and some of their N-substituted aromatic bio-transformation products are toxic and/or carcinogenic and therefore these dyes are considered to beenvironmental pollutants and health hazards. These azo dyes are degraded by physico-chemical and biological methods. Of these, biological methods are considered to be the most economical and efficient. In this work, attempts were made to degrade these dyes aerobically. Theorganisms which were efficient in degrading the following azo dyes-Red RB, Remazol Red, Remazol Blue, Remazol Violet, Remazol Yellow,Golden Yellow, Remazol Orange, Remazol Black- were isolated from three different sources viz., wastewater treatment plant, paper milleffluent treatment plant and tannery was tewater treatment plant. The efficiency of azo dye degradation by mixed cultures from each source wasanalyzed. It was found that mixed cultures from tannery treatment plant worked efficiently in decolorizing Remazol Red, Remazol Orange,Remazol Blue and Remazol Violet, while mixed cultures from the paper mill effluent worked efficiently in decolorizing Red RB, Golden Yellow and Remazol Yellow. The mixed cultures from wastewater treatment plant efficiently decolorized Remazol Black.     

Decolorization of reactive dyes by laccase immobilized in alginate/gelatin blent with PEG

To achieve effective decolorization of reactive dyes,laccase immobilization was investigated.Laccase 0.2%(m/V)(Denilite IIS) was trapped in beads of alginate/gelatin blent with polyethylene glycol(PEG),and then the supporters were activated by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde.The results of repeated batch decolorization showed that gelatin and appropriate concentration of glutaraldehyde accelerated the decolorization of Reactive Red B-3BF(RRB);PEG had a positive effect on enzyme stability and led to an inc...     

M—铁氧体对印染废水催化脱色试验研究

本文介绍了用含不同组分的铁氧体(M-铁氧体)作为催化剂,对印染废水进行催化空气氧化脱色的试验研究.实验发现Ni-铁氧体对不溶性还原染料废液有较好的催化脱色能力,脱色率通常可达90％以上.红外光谱分析结果表明,Ni-铁氧体参与的不溶性还原染料废液的催化脱色反应是通过将染液中的助剂保险粉彻底氧化,从而使染料转化为不溶性沉淀物被分离而完成的.     

变色栓菌对直接大红染料的脱色研究

从野外倒木上分离得到一株对直接染料具有高效脱色能力的白腐真菌CB1,采用形态学与分子生物学鉴定法对菌株CB1进行鉴定.结果表明,菌株CB1为变色栓菌(Trametes versicolor);在固体培养基上,利用T.versicolor CB1对5种直接染料进行脱色,结果显示,T.versicolor CB1对5种直接染料均可脱色,其中对直接大红的脱色效果最为明显;采用单因素分析方法对T.versicolor CB1脱色直接大红的培养条件进行优化,结果显示,以果糖为碳源、硝酸铵为氮源、p H=5、添加Cu SO_4和Ca Cl_2利于T.versicolor CB1对直接大红的脱色;通过正交试验优化T.versicolor CB1对直接大红的脱色条件,优化结果为:果糖10 g·L~(-1)、硝酸铵2 g·L~(-1)、Cu SO_41 mmol·L~(-1)、Ca Cl_23 mmol·L~(-1)、p H=5.优化条件下第7 d时的脱色率为78.23%,与优化前相比,脱色率提高了24.04%.     

粉煤灰对单体直接染料脱色效果的研究

就粉煤灰的投加量、染料的初始浓度、pH值及脱色时间等因素对单体直接染料脱色效果进行了研究，结果表明：在加灰量为0.006g/ml、gH值为2－10、脱色时间为20－30min时，粉煤灰对单体直接染料具有良好的脱色效果。     

酵母Candida krusei对合成染料的脱色

通过筛选实验,从土壤中新分离到1株对活性艳红K-2BP具有明显脱色效果的酵母菌株Y-G-I,经鉴定为克鲁斯假丝酵母Candida krusei．该菌株对含活性艳红K-2BP起始浓度为200mg／L的培养基,最大脱色率为99％,达到最大脱色率的时间是12h．克鲁斯假丝酵母的最佳接种量应不低于5％（体积分数）,培养基最适pH在4～9之间,氮源（NH4）2S04浓度不低于0．1％,相对应的碳源葡萄糖浓度不低于0．5％．对脱色机理的研究表明,该菌株对活性艳红K-2BP的去除属于降解脱色．此外,该菌株对另外9种染料（50mg／L）的脱色率在62％～96％之间．其中,对偶氮染料弱酸艳红B、活性黑KN-B和活性红M-3BE的脱色率都达到了90％以上,对三苯甲烷染料（酸性媒介漂蓝B）的脱色率达到了93％．表明克鲁斯假丝酵母在染料废水的处理上可能具有较好地应用潜能．     

3株真菌对活性艳蓝KN-R的脱色条件

从受污染土壤中筛选出具有广谱脱色的优势菌17株,并进一步扩大染料范围,筛选出3株对偶氮、蒽醌、三苯甲烷染料均有较好脱色效果的优势菌株. 3株菌分别为青霉属(菌Ⅰ、菌Ⅱ)和头孢霉属(菌Ⅲ)的真菌;以染料配水为例,探讨了pH值、温度、碳源、氮源因素对菌株脱色的影响;并进行了实际废水的脱色实验,结果表明该菌在pH值5～9, 温度18～37℃的区间内,且外加葡萄糖提供0.5%碳源时对染料废水的脱色率可达70%. 因此对处理染料污染废水具有较好的应用前景.     

Decolorization of oxygen-delignified bleaching effluent and biobleaching of oxygen-delignified kraft pulp by non-white-rot fungus Geotrichum candidum Dec 1

Decolorization of oxygen-delignified bleaching effluent (abbreviated as OBE) and biobleaching of oxygen-delignified kraft pulp (OKP) were conducted using a non-white rot fungus Geotrichum candidum Dec 1 (abbreviated as Dec 1) which has ability to decolorize various synthetic dyes and molasses. Dec 1 decolorized up to 77% of OBE for 6 days. In addition, Dec 1 increased the brightness of OKP from 47.8% to 51.2% and decreased the kappa value of OKP from 12.4 to 10.4 points during a 6-day incubation period at a 25% of pulp-concentration. At 2% pulp-concentration, the brightness of OKP increased by 13% and the kappa value of OKP decreased by 4 points only for a 3-day incubation period. When the decolorized OBE was used for bleaching of OKP, the brightness of OKP increased to 62.7% under the shaking culture to a 2% pulp-concentration using culture fluid of decolorized OBE. It was revealed that Dec 1 is a potential to apply for decolorization of wastewater and biobleaching of pulp in paper-mills.     

反硝化菌的偶氮染料脱色研究

从活性污泥中分离到几株反硝化能力的偶氮染料脱色菌。它们在合成培养基吧有使大多数所试偶氮染料脱色,而在反硝化条件下很难使偶氮染料脱色,只有菌株１７在培养２０ｄ后才有较好的脱色效果。酵母粉等有机物作为生长因子时,对菌株１７反硝化条件下的偶氮染料脱色有非常明显的促进作用;     

蜜环菌漆酶对蒽醌类染料的脱色条件优化

利用蜜环菌发酵所得的漆酶,直接对印染工业中常见的两种蒽醌类染料活性艳蓝KN-R和活性艳蓝X-BR进行催化脱色实验,得出了最佳脱色条件.结果表明,活性艳蓝KN-R最适脱色温度为30℃,最适染料浓度为80 mg.L-1,最适酶量为0.25U.mL-1,最适pH值为5,在最优条件下活性艳蓝KN-R最高脱色率达90%以上.活性艳蓝X-BR的最适脱色温度为30℃,最适染料浓度为50 mg.L-1,最适酶量为0.5 U.mL-1,最适pH值为4,在最优条件下活性艳蓝X-BR最高脱色率达70%以上.本研究利用蜜环菌粗漆酶液直接对印染工业中常见蒽醌类染料进行脱色,结果表明蜜环菌粗漆酶液具有良好的脱色效果,蜜环菌漆酶在印染工业染料废水脱色方面具有潜在的应用价值.     

Decolorization of reactive brilliant red K-2BP by white rot fungus under sterile and non-sterile conditions

Introduction Synthetic dyestuffs are extensively used for textile dyeing as well as other industrial applications. According to chemical structure of the chromophoric group, dyestuffs are classified as azo dyes, anthra- quinone dyes, triarylmethine dyes, …