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垃圾焚烧发电技术能实现城市垃圾的减量化和无害化处理的目的,并可将其产生的能量用于发电或其它方面,而且占地面积少,具有明显的环境保护和资源利用方面的优势。城市垃圾焚烧技术也在我国经济较发达地区得到了一定的研究和应用。对垃圾焚烧发电的工程应用中垃圾焚烧炉的优选以及垃圾焚烧发电效率的影响因素等进行了阐述。 相似文献
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废塑料在垃圾资源化中的合理性应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文对废塑料在我国现行的三种垃圾处理主流技术(卫生填埋技术、焚烧发电技术、综合处理技术)中的资源化应用进行了介绍,发现废塑料在垃圾焚烧发电和综合处理中得到了资源化利用,而且在对废塑料的资源化利用上具有一定排斥性,通过对垃圾焚烧发电、垃圾综合处理的运营状态的对比,提出对废塑料在垃圾资源化处理的建议. 相似文献
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城市生活垃圾堆存量的日渐增多使得垃圾围城的现象有所回潮,如何做好城市生活垃圾处理,消除对生态环境和生活环境的威胁,成为城市健康发展面临的挑战。文章分析了我国城市生活垃圾产生及处理现状以及垃圾焚烧发电的发展困境,阐述了垃圾焚烧发电技术的优势和可行性,并从多个方面提出了推进垃圾焚烧发电技术科学发展的对策和政策配套措施。 相似文献
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清洁发展机制(CDM)项目的开发,既有利于发达国家温室气体减排任务的实现,又有利于发展中国家技术的进步。针对高浓度有机废水的特点,结合河北省石家庄市某酿酒厂废水处理沼气发电项目,对高浓度有机废水处理中的沼气发电CDM项目进行了分析,根据CDM方法学AMS-III-H计算该项目的减排量。结果表明,在CDM机制下该项目年减排量预计为39,378 tCO2,并可以获得可观的资金收益。大大减少了温室气体的排放量,具有良好的社会、经济和环境效益。 相似文献
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根据清洁发展机制(CDM)执行理事会(EB)公布的电力系统排放因子计算工具,结合文献调研数据,计算了全国7个电网的SO2和NOx基准线排放因子,比较了不同电网CDM项目的污染物减排效益以及不同类型CDM项目的减排效益.结果表明,华中电网的CDM项目单位供电量的SO2减排效益最高,东北电网的最低;而对于项目单位供电量的NOx减排效益,最高的是东北电网,最低的是南方电网和海南电网.目前,CDM项目在各电网的分布与其单位供电量的污染物减排效益存在着不平衡的状况.如南方电网开发CDM项目较多,其项目单位供电量的污染物减排效益并不高.对于不同类型的CDM项目,风电及太阳能发电项目的污染物减排效益相对较高. 相似文献
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Hiramatsu Ai Hanaki Keisuke Aramaki Toshiya 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2003,8(3):293-310
The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) was adopted in the Kyoto Protocol as a flexibility mechanism to reduce greenhouse gases
(GHGs) and has been started with such projects as improving efficiency of individual technology. Although applying various
countermeasures to urban areas has significant potentials for reducing GHGs, these countermeasures have not been proposed
as CDM projects in the practical stage. A CDM project needs to be validated that it will reduce GHGs additionally compared
with a baseline, that is, a predictive value of GHG emissions in the absence of the project. This study examined the introduction
of solid waste incineration with electricity generation into three different cities, A, B and C. The combination of main solid
waste treatment and fuel source are landfill and coal, respectively, in City A, incineration and natural gas in City B, and
landfill and hydro in City C. GHG emission reductions of each city under several baseline options assumed here were evaluated.
Even if the same technology is introduced, the emission reduction greatly varies according to the current condition and the
future plan of the city: 1043–1406 kg CO2/t of waste in City A, 198–580 kg CO2/t in City B, and wide range of zero to over 1000 kg CO2/tin City C. Baseline options also cause significant difference in the emission reduction even in the same city (City C).
Incinerating solid waste after removing plastics by source separation in City B increased GHG emission reduction potential
up to 730–900 kg CO2/t, which enhances the effectiveness as a CDM project.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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固体废物焚烧处置及其清洁发展机制 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
包含化石碳(如塑料等)在内的废物焚烧处置和露天燃烧是废物部门中最重要的CO2排放来源之一. 在全国节能减排大背景下,废物焚烧发电成为温室气体减排的有效途径. 对我国固体废物焚烧处置现状及趋势进行了分析,同时研究了国内城市固体废物和危险废物焚烧的区域特征. 结果表明:随着经济发展和废物产生量的急剧增长,废物焚烧处置技术必将成为我国未来固体废物处置的主要方式;伴随着废物焚烧行业的发展,有大量项目可以注册CDM (清洁发展机制)项目,可为温室气体减排做出较大的贡献. 相似文献
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生物质发电是将废弃生物质变成可再生能源得以充分利用,这些工程将减少来自于生物质自然腐烂和无控燃烧产生的温室效应,这不仅节约了煤炭的同时也减少了二氧化碳的排放。本文中以某生物质项目发电为例,根据CDM方法学ACM0006计算了该项目的减排量。结果表明,该项目10年间共减少了二氧化碳排放量2,075,140 t,给我国带来了可观的经济效益和环境效益。 相似文献
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Flamos Alexandros Anagnostopoulos Konstantinos Askounis Dimitris Psarras John Butzengeiger Sonja van der Gaast Wytze 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2004,9(2):103-120
This paper presentse-SEREM (Smart Emission ReductionEstimation Manual), a cost-free, easilyaccessed and updated, web-based manual forestimating emission reductions from Joint Implementation (JI) andClean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects. e-SEREM's main functions arethe selection of a benchmark for a specificproject type in the power or heat sectorand the calculation of the annual andcumulative emission reductions accrued bythis project for its crediting lifetime.e-SEREM was developed in order to test itsapplicability and practicality in assistingproject developers and evaluators toelaborate baselines easily and calculatethe emission credits earned by candidate JIor CDM projects hosted in several countries. 相似文献
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当前,垃圾焚烧发电已成为生活垃圾处理的主流工艺。但随着生活垃圾分类制度逐步在全国范围内推行,势必会导致用于焚烧发电的垃圾原料发生明显改变。基于此,从不同角度分析了垃圾分类对垃圾焚烧发电产业发展的影响。为适应分类后焚烧垃圾物理化学性质的改变,现有垃圾焚烧发电工艺需相应调整,尤其是热值升高,将大幅提升吨垃圾发电量,显著提高项目的经济效益,有利于激发企业自主投资运营的积极性。政府可依据焚烧发电产业市场行情,灵活调整相关补贴和优惠政策。垃圾焚烧发电产业有望进一步实现完全市场化运行,其发展模式也有望呈现为“全民参与+EPC”模式。对于生活垃圾的处置,政府的“参与、监管”角色也将向单一“监管”角色转变。 相似文献
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生物质发电是将废弃生物质变成可再生能源得以充分利用,这些工程将减少来自于生物质自然腐烂和无控燃烧产生的温室效应,这不仅节约了煤炭,同时也减少了二氧化碳的排放。本文中以某生物质项目发电为例,根据CDM方法学ACM0006计算了该项目的减排量。结果表明,该项目10年间共减少了二氧化碳排放量2 075 140吨,给中国带来了可观的经济效益和环境效益。 相似文献
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Tran Minh Tuyen Axel Michaelowa 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2006,11(3):723-740
For projects under the UNFCCC Kyoto Protocol Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), a baseline has to be set to allow calculation
of the greenhouse gas emissions reductions achieved. An important obstacle to CDM project development is the lack of data
for baseline definition; often project developers do not have access to data and therefore incur high transaction costs to
collect them. The government of Vietnam has set up all necessary institutions for CDM, wants to promote CDM projects and thus
is interested to reduce transaction costs. We calculate emission factors of the Vietnam electricity grid according to the
rules defined by the CDM Executive Board for small scale projects and for large renewable electricity generation projects.
The emission factors lie between 365 and 899 g CO2/kWh depending on the specification. The weighted operating and build margin reaches 600 g for 2003, while grid average reaches
399 g. Using three-year averages, a combined build and operating margin of 705 g is calculated. We hope that these data facilitate
CDM project development in the electricity supply and energy efficiency improvement in Vietnam. 相似文献
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太阳能是国际社会公认的最理想的替代能源,中国太阳能资源丰富,由于欧美各国市场需求的增大,中国光伏产业取得了快速的发展。但目前中国光伏产业还处于起步阶段,仍面临着资金和技术等难题,而清洁发展机制(CDM)是一种基于市场的灵活履约机制,在中国光伏产业中引入清洁发展机制,不但有利于减少温室气体的排放,而且可大大缓解因资金和技术所带来的问题,并带来一系列环境和社会效益。其次,以锦州市一座10 MW光伏并网电站为例,计算了其年减排量,并对发电收益和CDM项目收益进行了比较及论证。 相似文献