省域安全生产应急救援指挥平台框架体系研究

分析省级安全生产应急救援指挥的业务特点,认为它是一个平时模拟演练和事故现场应急指挥并重、平战结合的一体化过程,是一个广域多部门实时动态的联动过程;笔者提出安全生产应急救援的框架体系,并以网络为基础,以信息技术为手段,以智能设备为前端而构建一个实时直观的应急指挥有机体,包括基础支持系统、综合应用系统、数据库系统、移动指挥平台、前端展示系统,以及法律法规等体系、安全保障体系等,同时重点分析其中的网络结构、综合应用系统,以及与其他单位系统的接口。该框架体系通过广东省安全生产监督管理部门的验证,在实践中是可行的。     

城市道路交通安全智能化管理系统研究

应用现代交通安全管理理念以及先进的信息技术、控制技术、网络信息传输技术 ,建立城市道路交通安全智能化管理系统 ,是提高交通安全管理的重要手段。笔者提出道路交通安全智能化管理系统由安全管理层、基础设施层、共用信息层、增值服务层组成 ;研究了城市道路交通安全智能化管理系统的框架和总体配置 ;认为该系统应具有的 6个基本功能及工作流程     

基于JMF的视频监控系统研究

为了解决无纸化考试过程中的远程监控问题,在充分研究了Java媒体框架应用编程接口JMF的结构特点基础上,开发了Internet环境下基于IMF的视频监控系统,并详细介绍了系统的设计思想、硬件组成、工作过程和关键问题的解决方案.该系统与同类系统相比具有使用方便、费用低廉,能够跨越多种主流操作系统等优点,在实际应用中取得了良好的效果.     

Linux平台下煤矿安全信息管理系统的安全性实现

为有效保障煤矿安全信息在网络传输与实时交换中的安全性,保证数据信息的完整性与私密性,笔者建立了Linux平台下的煤矿安全信息管理系统,并为保障其安全性实现提出了解决方案,其主要内容涵盖了防火墙技术、Web服务器的安全性、远程管理的安全性、管理系统的安全性、数据库安全性、安全性分析与评测等各个方面,并就实现的有关方法与技术进行了详细分析与探讨;详细阐述了Netfilter/iptables框架下的包过滤防火墙体系构建,SSL协议通道下的数据信息的加密传输及系统的安全认证机制,为煤矿数据信息的安全传输提供了有效手段。Linux以系统的低成本、运行的安全可靠性,为煤矿企业提供了一条经济实用的信息化道路。     

面向民机综合化航电系统的安全例证法研究

为解决新一代综合模块化航电系统(IMA)的安全性评估问题,基于安全例证法,构建并论证IMA的安全例证。针对SAE ARP4761标准的不足,分析安全例证法的适用性和基本结构,从安全性需求、框架、实施3个层面分析安全例证法在民机IMA中的应用,讨论基于过程和产品的2种不同安全论证方式,以系统管理功能为例,利用目标结构化标记(GSN)语言,论证IMA的安全性。结果表明:安全例证法可与民机系统开发流程对应,有效地整合安全性分析过程中的安全证据资源,并在系统安全性需求与安全性证据间建立明确的关系。     

机场安全与危机管理

网络管理是一项很关键的技术,换句话说,为了能够满足新的无线电通讯基础结构中ATN和无线电通讯这两方面的要求,人们需要有一种新的网络管理模式。特别是新的网络管理模式必须结合ATN管理框架,此框架组成包括：相关的标准、电信管理框架,特别是国际电信联盟（ITU）制定的电信管理网络（TMN）标准。本文描述了一种新的公共空中交通情报控制与诊断系统,探讨了公共空中交通硬件和软件开发过程中的系统操作模式和诊断方法。为了提供安全的设备操作,能够快速指出错误并且评估有缺陷的系统、装置和构件至关重要。     

863计划“基于物联网的石化工业风险识别与安全应急系统研发及示范应用”课题通过了技术验收

<正>近日,863计划"基于物联网的石化工业风险识别与安全应急系统研发及示范应用"课题通过了技术验收。石化工业在生产过程中对生产流程状态实时监测、厂区生产风险识别、安全应急等方面有较高要求。随着石油化工行业的发展,各种重大危险源数量不断增加,其安全性已成为重大生产事故预防与环境安全重要影响因素,而不同类型危险源参数(开关量、模拟量、快变量、缓变量)等数据信息的采集、传输、整合、交互和分析就成为了石化行     

基于安全论证的民机机载系统安全性评估

为解决现有民机机载系统安全性评估中逻辑推理不明确、可读性不强等问题,首先基于安全论证法和目标结构化标记(GSN)语言,通过分析系统安全性要求的符合性验证思路,研究并给出系统安全性评估论证策略;然后从安全性目标满足和安全性需求管理2方面分别进行机载系统安全论证;最后通过实例分析,验证基于安全论证法在民机机载系统安全性评估中的有效性。结果表明:基于GSN的安全论证符合正向研制流程要求,在安全性目标和支撑证据之间建立明确的逻辑推理关系,可用于内部交流和适航审查。     

基于隐私保护的超高频移动无线射频识别(RFID)系统安全性研究

针对移动无线射频识别(RFID)技术应用的日益重要性及其服务的安全性现状,基于RFID和移动通信技术相关理论,从安全和隐私的角度阐述移动RFID技术及其应用服务,分析移动RFID服务所面临的主要安全问题和安全性要求;建立一种适用于超高频移动RFID系统的安全增强型服务架构,并提出一种基于原始标签身份隐藏的隐私保护方案,以期为解决移动RFID服务各种安全问题提供帮助。分析表明,采用具有透明传输方式的安全增强型服务架构,并定期修改标签ID可以有效地保护移动RFID用户的隐私。     

机场安全与危机管理

网络管理是一项很关键的技术,换句话说,为了能够满足新的无线电通讯基础结构中ATN和无线电通讯这两方面的要求,人们需要有一种新的网络管理模式。特别是新的网络管理模式必须结合ATN管理框架,此框架组成包括:相关的标准、电信管理框架,特别是国际电信联盟(ITU)制定的电信管理网络(TMN)标准。本文描述了一种新的公共空中交通情报控制与诊断系统,探讨了公共空中交通硬件和软件开发过程中的系统操作模式和诊断方法。为了提供安全的设备操作,能够快速指出错误并且评估有缺陷的系统、装置和构件至关重要。     

铁路车务系统安全保障体系研究

以分析铁路车务系统安全管理现状为出发点,提出了"红线"管理理论,运用系统安全理论,构建了铁路车务系统安全保障体系框架,具体包括安全预防体系和应急响应体系两部分,并且分别从理论、技术和"红线"管理理论三方面进行了分析。     

汽车道路试验安全管理体系建设研究

为了保障汽车道路试验安全、提高安全管理水平,设计提出汽车道路试验安全管理体系(SMS)总方案。根据OHSAS 18001和安全标准化规范的特点分析,论证了融合两种体系建立道路试验SMS的适用性。并从政策与目标、风险管理、安全保证和安全促进四个模块阐述了该体系的搭建思路、框架内容和搭建步骤。最后,以某自主品牌车企研发中心道路试验的应用情况为例进行效果评估,结果表明:汽车道路试验SMS能有效防控风险、提升试验安全管理水平。     

Where to focus? Insights from safety personnel and external safety consultants on lessons learned about safety climate interventions – A qualitative approach

Introduction: Safety climate is important for promoting workplace safety and health. However, there is a dearth of empirical research on the effective ways of planning, designing, and implementing safety climate interventions, especially regarding what is going to be changed and improved. To address this gap, the present study sought to extract a comprehensive pool of compiled suggestions for safety climate intervention based on qualitative interviews with professionals in occupational safety and health management from potentially hazardous industries. Method: A series of systematic semi-structured interviews, guided by a comprehensive sociotechnical systems framework, were conducted with company safety personnel (n = 26) and external safety consultants (n = 15) of 21 companies from various industries. The taxonomy of five work system components of the sociotechnical systems approach served as overarching themes, representing different areas of improvement in an organization for occupational safety and health promotion, with an aim of enhancing safety climate. Results: Of the 36 codes identified, seven codes were based on the theme of external environment work system, four were based on the theme of internal environment work system, five were based on the theme of organizational and managerial structure work system, 14 codes were based on the theme of personnel subsystem, and six were based on the theme of technical subsystem. Conclusions: Safety climate intervention strategies might be most commonly based upon the principles of human resource management (i.e., codes based on the personnel subsystem theme and organizational and managerial structure work system theme). Meanwhile, numerous attributes of external/internal environment work system and technical subsystem can be jointly improved to bolster safety climate in a holistic way. Practical Applications: More systematic and organized management of safety climate would be available when various interrelated codes pertinent to a given context are carefully considered for a safety climate intervention.     

Incorporating organizational factors into probabilistic risk assessment of complex socio-technical systems: Principles and theoretical foundations

The current generation of Probabilistic Risk Analysis (PRA), particularly those for technical systems, does not include an explicit representation of the possible impacts of organization and management on the safety performance of equipment and personnel. There are a number of technical challenges in developing a predictive model of organizational safety performance. There is a need for a widely accepted and theoretically sound set of principles on which models of organizational influences could be developed and validated. As a result of a multidisciplinary effort, this paper explores the feasibility of developing such principles and proposes a set of principles for organizational safety risk analysis. Then, as a realization of the proposed modeling principles, a safety risk framework, named Socio-Technical Risk Analysis (SoTeRiA), is developed. SoTeRiA formally integrates the technical system risk models with the social (safety culture and safety climate) and structural (safety practices) aspects of safety prediction models, and provides a theoretical basis for the integration. A systematic view of safety culture and safety climate leaves an important gap in modeling complex system safety risk, and SoTeRiA, describing the relationship between these two concepts, bridges this gap. The framework explicitly recognizes the relationship among constructs at multiple levels of analysis, and extends the PRA framework to include the effects of organizational factors in a more comprehensive and defensible way.     

Ethics and fundamental principles of risk acceptance criteria

Ethics are concerned with distinguishing between what actions are “right” and “wrong” and what values are “good” and “bad”, etc. and there is a long academic tradition in discussing ethics and ethical theories. Risk acceptance criteria, on the other hand, distinguish between levels of risks that are acceptable and levels that are intolerable. In some sense, one may say that risk acceptance criteria distinguishes between “good” and “bad” systems and activities with regards to the risk they expose the society or elements of a society to and there is thus an obvious link between ethics and risk acceptance criteria or to risk management at large. However, there are few references in the literature that explores this link, and in this paper, the ethical foundation of fundamental principles of risk acceptance criteria will be elaborated upon.This paper considers some important principles for establishing risk acceptance criteria for safety critical systems and activities. The various principles and the philosophies behind them might at first sight seem contradictory and exclusive, but it is demonstrated how they may coexist in one and the same regulatory regime; They may complement each other in order to achieve the overall safety objectives of society. Then, some brief considerations of the ethical foundations for the principles will be given and some relevant examples of actual risk acceptance criteria will be given from the maritime industries. However, it is believed that the principles and discussions are of general interest and apply to all areas of technical risk and to safety regulations in a broader perspective.     

Improvement principles

Introduction: The improvement principles are a group of safety principles whose central message is that no risk level above zero is fully satisfactory, and that we should therefore always strive to improve safety. The major safety principles in this group are: as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA), best available technology (BAT), the substitution principle, vision zero, and continuous improvement. Method: This article investigates their similarities and differences, the ways in which they can incorporate compromises with objectives other than safety, and the difficulties that may arise in their application. A particular emphasis is put on comparisons with two major competing groups of principles, namely acceptance principles, which draw a sharp line between acceptable and unacceptable states of affairs, and weighing principles such as CBA that search for an optimized compromise between safety and other objectives. Results: In comparison to their main competitors, the improvement principles have the important advantage of consistently encouraging safety enhancements. However, some of the problems in their application can probably best be tackled by including them in a combined approach that also makes use of acceptance and/or weighing principles. Two such combined approaches are proposed. The choice between them should be based on the underlying value structure of the decision problem. Practical applications: Guidance is given for the choice of safety principles and for the combined use of more than one such principle.     

EMS与OSHMS的整合研究

近年来 ,在环境管理体系和职业安全健康管理体系的建立、认证和持续改进的实践中 ,企业、咨询与认证机构都发现 ,两体系独立建立、完善和持续改进 ,不断提升中 ,仍存在一些问题 ,人们提出 ,实现两大管理体系的整合 ,不仅有利于企业对环境管理和职业安全健康管理的资源共享 ,而且也是顺应国际认证发展的潮流。为此 ,笔者论述了两大管理体系整合的原因 ;讨论了整合的基本原则和难点 ;分析了两大管理体系整合的基本思路 ;研究了ESH整合型管理体系的实现过程。     

油气管道风险可接受标准与应用评述

为改善油气管道安全状况,基于风险可接受在安全管理中的重要性,介绍国内外风险可接受的研究与应用现状。阐述风险可接受的原则,分析和总结不同国家的风险可接受标准及其在油气管道中的应用,探讨国内外在上述领域的发展现状和差距,并针对我国相关研究与应用提出建议。结果表明:风险可接受体系应建立在风险可接受定量化的基础上,同时需要制定风险可接受标准和相应的油气管道行业规范,并将其应用于国家和行业的安全管理中。     

改进环境和职业健康安全管理整合体系适应GB/T24001-2004标准

建立与实施环境和职业健康安全管理整合体系有利于企业降低管理成本、提高管理效益。环境管理体系标准的改版加强了其与其他管理体系之间的协调性和兼容性,有利于进一步推动整合体系的建立与实施。在深入研究GB/T24001-2004版标准在结构框架、术语、要素名称及内容等方面变化情况的基础上,在环境和职业健康安全方针、目标、指标和方案的策划、资源,特别是基础设施的保障、合规性评价的完善、纠正措施和预防措施的实施以及一体化内部审核的开展等方面提出了建议对策,以供企业借鉴。改进环境和职业健康安全管理整合体系,以适应体系标准的发展变化,不断提高企业的现代安全健康管理水平是企业可持续发展的重要因素。     

Integrating safety,health and environmental management systems: A conceptual framework for achieving lean enterprise outcomes

IntroductionExpectations from external stakeholders for eco-safe products and production processes and internal stakeholders for transparent, stable, and robust environment, safety, and health operations have driven high technology organizations to adopt multipart management systems. Organizations can protect workers and the environment and simultaneously contribute to lean management principles by implementing integrated management systems. This research adds to the existing discourse and theory pertaining to the integration of environment, safety, and health management systems. Methods: The research was exploratory and inductive in nature and used mixed methods. Specifically, qualitative methods included use of an iterated Delphi method to elicit information from a panel of experts and detailed case studies conducted at four high technology performance manufacturing firms, while quantitative analysis of variance of correlated data investigated the within-firm and between-firm variability in motivating factors for adopting integrated systems and methods used for implementing integrated systems. Results: The results offer an integrated-lean management system framework and the strategies available and used by a sample of high technology performance organizations to simultaneously protect workers, the environment, and support lean enterprise outcomes. Practical applications: Organizations can protect workers, the environment, and simultaneously contribute to lean management principles by implementing integrated management systems requiring joint management that allow for the shared design, evaluation, and continuous improvement of environmental, safety, and health practices that are compatible with the lean enterprise movement in today’s high-performance driven organizations.