Impacts of foreign investment on sustainable development in a Chilean mining region

The desert mining region of Antofagasta, Chile, enjoyed spectacular economic growth in the 1990s as a result of foreign direct investment (FDI), mainly in the exploitation of the region's rich copper deposits. In a country considered by international financial institutions to be a good example of economic performance, Antofagasta has been termed a model region,and Chile's economic and social development in the 1990s has been considered a suitable model for other Latin American countries. However, development indices based on statistical data must be examined with caution, as human welfare does not necessarily keep pace with economic growth. This article analyses the Antofagasta Region in terms of problems that may occur in conjunction with accelerated economic growth, and how these can affect the environment, as well as the regional labour market. The article also examines a regional economic strategy for Antofagasta recently proposed by the local government, and suggests new alternatives for the sustainable economic development of the region.     

我国实施循环经济的制度初探

循环经济是在资源与环境约束下追求有效经济增长的一种新的经济发展模式。循环经济本质上是一种生态经济,以资源利用的生态性、技术基础的复杂性、经济运行的社会性等为根本特征。制度与循环经济相互依存、相互制约,发展循环经济离不开制度的规范和引导。论述了我国当前在市场经济条件下发展循环经济中遇到的制度障碍,如市场机制障碍、产权制度障碍和政策法规障碍等,并提出解决循环经济发展的制度障碍需要建立一个完整的、相互补充的制度体系。     

Indicators for sustainable energy development in Thailand

This article examines energy priorities for Thailand from the economic, social and environmental perspectives of sustainable development. The article uses a set of indicators devised by the International Atomic Energy Agency in partnership with other international agencies and research institutes in seven countries. Thailand's energy efficiency in the 1980s and 1990s are analysed using energy intensity indicators, and possible impacts on sustainable energy development are highlighted. The early 1990s in particular was an important period for Thailand, as the country was at the height of its economic growth, and a number of energy efficiency and conservation programmes were launched. Energy intensity indicators show continuing and faster growth in energy consumption relative to economic activity. The financial crisis in the late 1990s did halt growth in energy consumption, with positive consequences on environmental emissions, but only temporarily as Thailand's economy quickly started to recover in 2000. Notwithstanding the financial crisis, the other indicators show significant progress in economic and social dimensions.     

蚌埠市发展低碳经济的对策与建议

在全球气候变暖的大背景下,切实改变经济发展方式,积极推进低碳经济是遏制气候变暖、实现经济社会发展与生态环境保护双赢的一种经济发展模式。在重点分析蚌埠市工农业发展的碳源消耗、区域经济发展现状及存在的问题的基础上,结合蚌埠市经济发展与产业结构调整计划,从观念创新、优化结构、科技先导、碳汇农林、园区平台等不同层面提出适合蚌埠市低碳经济发展的对策与建议。     

辽宁省海洋经济主导产业分析——基于灰色关联法与波士顿模型法

海洋经济是辽宁经济新的增长点,在经济中占有越来越大的比例,是各地区经济竞争的重要领域.海洋产业是决定沿海城市和地区发展前途与命运的朝阳产业.辽宁省所处的独特区位条件决定了有条件加快发展海洋经济.确定主导产业能促进经济更快更好发展,采用灰色关联法、皮尔模型和波士顿矩阵法确定产业产值占经济总产值的比重与速度,进一步确定该地区的主导产业.     

宝鸡市生态城市建设评价

结合生态城市的相关理论和不同学者的研究,遵循生态城市评价指标选择的原则和研究区域的实际情况,从经济、社会和自然三方面建立了宝鸡市生态城市建设的评价指标体系。通过采用熵权法确定各评价指标的权值,对宝鸡市近几年的生态城市建设进行了简要评价。结果表明,2004—2008年宝鸡市的生态城市建设十分成功,但在集中力量建设生态环境的同时,忽略了对城市的经济建设,使宝鸡市的经济结构开始出现不合理现象。建议宝鸡市在大力建设生态城市的同时,要集中力量在经济建设方面,以达到自然、经济与社会和谐发展的目的。     

Development planning in Mexico: Case study of an oil-rich economy

The authors identify problems of political, economic and social development in Mexico, which has now become a net oil exporter. Aspects of Mexican society are analysed - possession of resources, population growth, agricultural and industrial sectors of the economy and development policy. The political and economic components of social change and policy limitations are considered. It is clear that the severity of Mexico's development problems present serious issues for the current administration.     

环境资源价值分析

现代社会经济的发展离不开环境资源,但是人们在发展经济的过程中往往又忽视了人与环境的协调发展。在可持续发展战略普遍被各国人们所接爱今天,我们应该从最基本的问题入手来分析与环境的协调发展问题。本文从环境资源有无价值出发,进而分析、比较了商品与环境资源的价值问题。在此基础上通过分析社会经济发展与环境资源的关系提出了环境资源的正价值和负价值,然后又进一步分析了环境资源正价值和负价值社会经济的关系。最后文章提出了环境资源价值与持续发展战略及相关研究的关系。     

四川省环境污染经济损失与污染治理投资比例探讨

环境保护同经济建设和社会发展相协调,是我国环境保护的基本原则。本文从环境保护与经济发展的相互关系出发,比较实际地估计了我省各种污染排放物及造成的经济损失,探讨了环保治理资金社会投入的比例问题。     

珠海市社会经济发展与资源环境的协调度分析

经济与资源环境协调发展成为研究热点,众多学者运用不同的数学方法对区域经济和环境的协调度进行了分析。目前这方面的研究仅包括经济和环境两大系统,未将社会发展作为独立的系统,且指标的选取未能体现区域经济发展的特点。根据珠海市的实际,对原有的协调度计算方法进行适当调整,得出珠海市社会经济发展与资源环境协调度发展的状况属于良好协调发展类中的经济滞后型。     

试论低碳经济背景下的政府职能

伴随着经济与社会的进步,能源短缺与环境污染正愈演愈烈,迫切需要由高碳经济转向低碳经济。中国目前的发展模式与消费结构仍处于高碳状态,因此发展低碳经济势在必行。政府作为经济活动的有机组成部分,应当在发展低碳经济的过程中履行好其对外交流、对内调控的政府职能。     

辽宁省人口文化素质与社会经济关联度分析

在对国内外人口文化和社会经济发展关系文献研究的基础上,运用灰色关联分析法,以辽宁省为例,测度了2005--2010年人口文化素质和社会经济发展之间的关系,并按照较低、居中、较高三个层次的关联度格局进行分析。结果表明,辽宁省各市的人口文化素质与社会经济发展之间的关联度的总体趋势是逐年增加的,对社会经济的发展具有重要影响。辽宁省关联度高的地区,社会经济发展较快,反之社会经济发展较慢。因此,大力发展辽宁省的教育不仅可以提高人口文化素质,还将会促进辽宁省经济的飞速发展。     

西安市临潼区生态经济区域划分与分区建设的设想

根据对西安市临潼区自然状况与社会经济状况分析，在充分了解区域生态环境特征、地区差异及存在的主要生态问题的基础上，结合社会经济发展有利条件、制约因素，将该区划分为四个经济分区，对不同类型区域采取不同的社会经济发展和生态环境建设措施。     

基于SD模型评测区域低碳经济发展研究——以成渝经济区为例

区域低碳经济发展是可持续发展的重要选择,成渝经济区是中国经济增长的第四极,是拉动中国西部经济社会发展,缩小地区经济社会差异的重要地区。从SD模型的原理与方法人手,基于成渝经济区低碳经济发展现状,利用SD模型对成渝经济区的能源总量与能源缺口、能源消耗量构成、工业增加值能耗、废气废水废物排放量等方面进行模拟预测,并提出区域发展低碳经济的对策：发展低碳产业,走低碳经济发展道路;积极合理开发新技术利用新能源;鼓励促进优势特色产业的发展。     

中日农村环境管理对比及对中国的启示

日本与我国在历史上同属传统的东亚小农经济国家,在社会、经济、文化等方面的发展历程和存在的问题具有共通性。日本的农村生态环境管理随社会经济发展不断调整适应,政府也数次推动乡村振兴。对比研究中日两国农村环境管理及其背后的社会经济因素,虽然两国在农村环境管理上有相似性,但也有较大不同,我国不能完全照搬日本的农村环境管理体制机制,必须走一条适应我国国情的特色道路,循序渐进推进农业农村污染防治。在开展农村环保工作的具体举措上,日本也有较多可借鉴之处:一是以完善的法规政策体系保障农村环境管理;二是以精准的财政补贴支撑农村环境管理;三是以科学的规划和技术标准体系服务农村环境管理;四是以规范的行业和市场服务体系推动农村环境管理;五是以亲民务实的环境宣传教育助力农村环境管理。     

2022冬奥背景下京北地区绿色发展战略研究初探

随着经济的快速发展,人们逐步意识到依靠不断增加生产要素投入的粗放型经济发展模式已难以为继,绿色发展遂成为全球共识。作为北京生态涵养区的京北地区,在冬奥会和京津冀协同发展的机遇下,制定绿色发展战略,保护生态涵养功能,加快产业转型升级,促进经济、社会、环境协调发展,具有十分重要的意义。本文归纳总结了国际上绿色发展的借鉴经验,通过对京北地区经济发展现状和绿色发展SWOT的分析,设计出京北地区绿色发展基本框架,包括一个目标、三大战略、五项重点任务和五项保障措施。通过落实经济系统、社会系统和环境系统的三大战略措施,突破资源环境约束和共享绿色经济,最终实现京北地区的绿色跨越式发展。     

Environmental and cultural changes under Chilean neoliberalism: an ethnography of forestry and the Mapuche in Valle Elicura

Dominant development discourses often proclaim promises of economic prosperity and global inclusion, while actually disenfranchising local cultures in the Global South from their traditional environments. In Latin America, and specifically Chile, development manifests itself through neoliberal economic policies implemented in the late twentieth century, while simultaneously creating political economies ripe for foreign and corporate exploitation. Using a political ecology framework, this ethnography presents a case study of the correlation between the development of Chilean neoliberalism and the lifeways of Mapuche indigenous peoples in the town of Valle Elicura, Chile. The findings reveal that natural resource extraction and ecological devastation to local forests by large, international logging companies result in environmental, cultural, and environmental-cultural transformations for this community. The local people who more closely rely on their surrounding environments to regulate and inform their transportation networks, basic life needs, and religion, among other applications, are forced to compete for resources with foreign corporations focused on profit. However, it is this short-term focus that threatens extinction for the traditional lifeways of the Mapuche peoples and many other marginalised communities of facing the demands of development.     

Evaluation of energy policy in Cuba using ISED

This article discusses the development of Cuba's energy sector in the last half century, especially the last 25 years, emphasizing social, economic, environmental and institutional aspects. Energy use is evaluated with the indicators for sustainable energy development (ISED) developed by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and applied by the authors, based on data series from Cuba's National Office of Statistics. Cuba's economy and energy sector have undergone important changes, particularly in the 1990s during the crisis that resulted from the termination of the country's special trade relations with former socialist countries. Based on an analysis of Cuba's economy and energy situation, a number of policies were selected for evaluation, including those aimed to reduce energy import dependence, increase the share of renewable energy sources and improve energy efficiency. The effects of these policies are evaluated in view of sustainable energy development. The article concludes with an evaluation of recent progress towards sustainable energy development in Cuba, and outlines future options for the country.     

Hybrid input-output analysis to evaluate economic impacts of biomass energy

ABSTRACT

The introduction of the new biomass industry exerts influences that change the interactions among economic sectors by drawing the resources for generating electricity, pricing alterations from the existing market and competitively selling electricity to the power grid. These influences should be described and identified to ensure the benefits to the local economy. In this article, we deem to test the potential of hybrid I-O analysis to analyze the economic impacts and address the change in characteristics of the economic impacts of the biomass power plant. The resource utilization data from the existing biomass power plant located in Kochi Prefecture (Japan) is collected and then analyzed by a hybrid input-output (I-O) analysis. We found that (1) the use of cutoff function could determine the new economy’s structure included the biomass power plant where the allocation of resource in the economy is changed according to the consumption and production of the biomass power plant, (2) The power plant increases the total production of Kochi prefecture’s economy, and this benefit overthrows the negative effect of the loss of resource demand of the existing economic sectors. The use of the hybrid I-O to forecast the economic impacts on the local economy could enhance the decision made by the policymaker.     

发展循环经济是农村城镇化环境保护的必然抉择

农村城镇化在给农村经济带来繁荣和发展的同时，也带来了外部不经济问题。伴随着农村城镇化进程的加快，农村及城镇环境污染越来越严重。要协调好城镇发展与环境保护问题就必须发展循环经济，在城镇建立起企业内部清洁生产、企业间生态工业园区、工农业的多级生态链接、社会循环利用四个层次的循环模式，实现经济效益、生态效益和社会效益的统一。