河北省畜禽养殖业污染防治对策建议

河北省畜禽养殖业纳入环境管控范围比例较低,且传统的养殖业排放量占比较高。结合国家和河北省有关畜禽养殖污染防治政策、法规和规划,从空间布局、常规环境管理、污染防治设施及资金方向、总量减排四个方面分析了河北省畜禽污染防治存在的主要问题,并提出了加快完成禁养区划定、优化空间布局,扩大环境管理范围、加大环境管理力度,加大资金保障、提高设施配备率,开展畜禽养殖污染防治技术示范和推广、切实保障减排等具体防治措施。     

滨海新区大港农业非点源污染状况研究

立足天津市滨海新区大港农业背景情况,采用适宜的方法,分别从种植业、畜禽养殖和水产养殖业三方面分析非点源污染物排放量。结果表明:2010年大港地区农业非点源主要污染物COD排放量为377.67 t,氨氮排放量为72.33 t,畜禽养殖排放的污染已占农业非点源污染的一半以上。在此基础上,分别从优化畜禽养殖的养殖模式、种植业科学施用化学品、水产养殖合理投放饲料等方面提出了大港地区农业非点源污染控制的对策。     

滨海新区大港农业非点源污染状况研究简

立足天津市滨海新区大港农业背景情况,采用适宜的方法,分别从种植业、畜禽养殖和水产养殖业三方面分析非点源污染物排放量。结果表明：2010年大港地区农业非点源主要污染物COD排放量为377.67 t,氨氮排放量为72.33 t,畜禽养殖排放的污染已占农业非点源污染的一半以上。在此基础上,分别从优化畜禽养殖的养殖模式、种植业科学施用化学品、水产养殖合理投放饲料等方面提出了大港地区农业非点源污染控制的对策。     

《畜禽规模养殖污染防治条例》正式生效实施

正依据国务院2013年11月11日第643号令,由环境保护部联合农业部起草的《畜禽规模养殖污染防治条例》(简称《条例》)2014年1月1日起正式生效实施。该《条例》是我国农业环境保护领域第一部国家级的法规,《条例》的颁布实施是我国农村环保领域法制建设和生态文明制度建设的一件大事,是我国农村环保事业的里程碑。《条例》将推动畜禽养殖业优化升级、保障畜禽养殖业可持续发展作为解决畜禽养殖环境问题的基本方针,     

改变生产模式,才能解决动物性食品安全问题

我国养殖业大力推广的西式工厂化、集约化养殖模式造成禽畜和水产动物疾病丛生、死亡率高,并造成动物性食品中兽药、重金属等残留严重。依靠完善法律、加强监管、制定标准等措施,只能缓解这种"造真型"食品安全问题,而不能从根本上予以解决。变集约化生产模式为注重动物福利的养殖模式,禁止使用各种有毒有害的兽药和添加剂,才是从根本上化解我国动物性食品问题的唯一途径。同时,生产模式的转变离不开消费者的积极选择:减少食用动物性食品,并尽可能选择有机养殖的食品。     

区域畜禽养殖废弃物循环利用模式研究

正随着畜禽养殖业的集约化和规模化发展,畜禽养殖废弃物在区域内引起的污染越来越严重,推进畜禽养殖废弃物处理及循环利用已经上升为国家导向。本文通过对我国区域畜禽养殖废弃物的排放现状和存在问题进行归纳分析,探究区域畜禽养殖废弃物循环利用模式,提出主体小循环、园区中循环和区域大循环相结合的循化利用方式,为畜禽养殖废弃物合理利用提供参考。一、畜禽养殖废弃物排放现状随着我国养殖业集约化和规模化发展,畜禽养殖废弃物的不合理处置直接影响到养殖业的正常发展和人类的健康,并对环境造成很大的破坏。     

我国南海海域渔业环境保护法律问题与对策

我国南海渔业活动及其以外的人类活动产生的环境问题,严重污染了南海海域的水质,威胁着南海渔业资源的可持续发展。我国南海海域渔业环境保护法律体系已形成,提供了较为合理的制度安排。但仍存在一些法律问题,其中以环境影响评价制度、海洋环境监测制度和海水养殖污染防治制度等方面的问题较为突出。因此本文提出以下法律对策:明确渔业部门在环境影响评价制度中的法律地位,加强渔业海域环境监测的协调机制和完善海水养殖污染防治制度,以期依靠法治的力量保护南海渔业资源的可持续发展。     

瑞典畜禽养殖许可制度研究及其启示

我国畜禽养殖行业中的规模化养殖单位,养殖畜禽品类繁多且污染产生量巨大,而现行的排污许可证申请制度却无法起到畜禽养殖污染防治的效果。为制定更加具体的最佳可行技术标准,完善畜禽养殖行业排污许可证的申请与核发程序,故而通过域外比较瑞典相关立法规定提供参考。瑞典自其环境保护事业开展半个世纪以来,已经形成了由畜禽养殖许可证申请人提交环境影响报告,郡行政议事会同时参考畜禽养殖业最佳可行技术标准,审核资质并发放许可证的畜禽养殖许可制度体系。借鉴瑞典的立法经验,我国畜禽养殖业污染防治应以预防为主,并快相关专项立法的制定进程,以建立畜禽养殖行业排污许可综合管理制度。     

加强海南水产养殖资源的开发利用

1海南水产养殖资源丰富海南地处北纬20°03′～23°45′，横跨亚热带、热带和赤道，年日照时数达2000h，年均温22～26℃，冬季温度在20℃以上，水温变幅较小，年均降雨量1600～2000mm。海岸线长达1528km，岛内有天然港湾68个、滩涂2．6万ha、河流154条，具有丰富的水资源以发展淡、海水养殖业。三亚、陵水的珍珠养殖周期比大陆沿海缩短6个月，越冬孵育的鱼苗比华东地区早2个月，是养殖螺旋藻的理想场所，许多优质水产品如鳖、鳗、鲍、蟹、鱼、虾、藻类均可养殖。2水产养殖业在海南经济发展中的地位在海南，水产养殖是“两高一优”农业中效益…     

我国环境管理的发展轨迹分析

在综合分析环境管理相关研究成果的基础上,梳理了我国环境管理的思想、理论、机构、法制建设、制度及其教育宣传六个方面的发展轨迹,探讨了当前环境管理各方面轨迹脉络和目前仍存在的问题。     

Toward Improved Environmental and Social Management of Indian Shrimp Farming*

In the last decade, Indian shrimp aquaculture production tripled from 30,000 tons (1990) to 102,000 tons (1999). This fast development, combined with a lack of adequate planning and regulation, caused a number of environmental problems and social conflicts, including conversion of mangroves, water pollution, and salinization of drinking water wells. Because of the significant investments made in shrimp culture and the size of the environmental and social impacts, the formulation of a regulatory framework for shrimp aquaculture has been subject to an intensive debate between the aquaculture and the environmental lobbies. Following an order from the Supreme Court (1996), the Aquaculture Authority was established and a regulatory and institutional framework for the shrimp aquaculture sector has been set up. However, implementation of the system is still defective, and there is an urgent need for improvement. Farmers are increasingly able to prevent the devastating white spot disease in shrimps, and in the absence of proper planning and regulation, further expansion of shrimp production could result in significant additional environmental and social costs. The environmental and social management of Indian shrimp farming can be improved through a mix of policy measures, including strengthening of the license system, more effective enforcement of regulations, the use of economic incentives, and increased monitoring of environmental and social impacts.     

秦皇岛市社区环境问题现状分析及对策建议

在简单介绍当前秦皇岛市部分社区存在的环境问题及环境管理方面出现的问题的基础上,分析其产生原因,并结合环境管理相关法律、法规、政策和制度,从多方面提出解决的对策及建议.     

我国环境审计面临的问题及解决对策

环境审计是规范企业环境行为、提高企业环境意识的重要手段。由于我国环境审计刚刚起步,在审计理论与实践中还存在参与主体不够全面,缺少法规、制度的支持,审计范围狭窄等不足之处。从环境审计的基本问题入手,通过分析和总结我国环境审计存在的问题,提出扩大环境审计主体、完善环境保护法规体系、拓宽环境审计的范围、建立环境审计后续跟踪制度等适合中国国情的环境审计策略。     

Environmental system management and governance needs in a developing country

Environmental governance in the twenty-first century in Bangladesh faces serious challenges in terms of improving service delivery. There are surfeits of laws, rules and regulations as well as institutions to manage and govern the environmental sector. The legal regime is quite comprehensive, yet little attempts have been made so far to iron out the contradictions and duplications among existing rules and regulations. Institutions continue to suffer because of a number of reasons. Coordination among different ministries and other agencies in the governmental and non-governmental sectors is poor. Inter-organizational meetings and other follow-up meetings are not regularly held and usually fail to achieve their intended objectives. Though attempts have been made to involve people at the formulation stage of action plans, seldom people are taken into confidence and consulted with when these plans are implemented. One of the consequences of such a situation is people’s lack of interest in government-sponsored environmental protection programs. The decision-making procedure/situation of different environmental development projects and policies did not follow the holistic or coordinated principles so that post-impacts of works appeared vast and diverse conflicts. This paper tries to search the history of environmental protection of Bangladesh, relevant environmental laws, rules, regulations and projects and major international conventions, treaties, and protocols signed or ratified by Bangladesh as well as investigates the current situation, mechanism and decision making regarding environment in the context of environmental governance, analyzing the problems and also explored the challenges for environmental management in Bangladesh and associated problems and risks of system and finally proposed some core guidelines of effective environmental governance and system management for Bangladesh.     

浅论生态环境立法的整合

我国生态环境立法一直受到非理性思路的影响,不同程度地存在着诸如体系不完善、法律规定操作性不强、法律条文之间相互冲突等问题.因此要注重环境法与自然资源法之间的融合及生态环境立法的现实性,消除现行生态环境立法中的法律规定互相矛盾冲突的现象.     

废弃产品回收处理企业环境绩效评价初探

近年来,废弃产品回收处理行业日益受到政府和社会各界的关注,而回收处理企业是实施回收处理活动的主体,相关法律、法规的出台对回收处理企业提出了更高的要求。本文在概括梳理相关法律、法规的基础上,初步建立了废弃产品回收处理企业环境绩效评价指标体系,为回收处理企业采用先进的技术工艺、降低环境负荷、加强职业健康监护和企业环境管理提供参考,以适应国家政策要求和行业发展的需要。     

国际环境法对我国环境保护的启示

介绍了国际环境法的内涵、基本原则和发展过程,报告了我国环境保护法律体系立法趋于逐渐完善但滞后性明显的现状,从立法和执法的角度分析了我国现阶段环境保护法存在执行不利的问题,建议以推进国际环境法的实施和完善为契机,制定明细的配套法规,强化执法力度;加强各行政机关间的交流与合作,统筹应对复杂的环保形势;发达地区扶持不发达地区发展环保事业,推进我国环保事业的进步。     

浅谈我国土壤问题特征及国外土壤环境管理经验借鉴

随着我国社会经济的发展,土壤污染问题逐渐显露。而且我国土壤环境问题及污染防治工作在相当长时间内没有得到应有的重视,土壤污染问题逐渐暴露。加强土壤环境管理是我国土壤环境保护的一项基础性工作,具有十分重要的意义。本文研究分析我国与国外土壤环境问题的差异,总结美国、荷兰、日本三个国家土壤环境管理的经验及其借鉴意义,综合考虑我国发展国情、土壤环境问题特征及土壤环境管理基础,确定我国土壤环境管理要依靠"行政推动和法律监管相结合",提出一个涵盖土壤环境法律法规、标准、技术和装备能力建设(监测、监管、监理、风险管控)、人员队伍建设的适应我国土壤环境问题特征的综合环境管理体系。     

秦皇岛市旅游管理体制现状与改革研究

秦皇岛市旅游管理体制存在法律、法规不健全,管理体制不明确等问题,因此有必要借鉴日本、英国、泰国先进的旅游管理经验,结合秦皇岛市实际,对秦皇岛市旅游管理体制进行改革,建立全新的"三级两线"旅游管理体制。     

Case study: Sonoco's materials reclamation improves environmental performance through quality-based management

Multinational corporations are facing increasing pressures and finding stronger incentives to integrate environmental management into their overall business strategies. National and local environmental regulations are becoming more stringent in Europe, Japan, East and Southeast Asia, Latin America, and many developing countries, and international voluntary standards of environmental management are being endorsed by a growing number of governments. Multinational firms are embracing these standards not only to assure the public of their concern for environmental protection, but also to enhance their competitiveness in international markets. The British Standard 7750, the European Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS), and the ISO 14000 series are setting new guidelines for effective corporate environmental management. Beyond complying with local and national laws, corporations now have wider latitude in how they adapt their business practices to these emerging environmental management standards. In order to capitalize on that creative latitude, companies must have corporate cultures and internal management systems that allow them to respond quickly and effectively to changing environmental requirements. Exemplary corporate environmental performance is usually related to strong and progressive leadership, a culture that recognizes the importance of environmental protection, and the willingness to operate by quality-based management principles. This article describes how one international corporation, Sonoco, in responding successfully to changing environmental pressures to reclaim and recycle its products in the wake of the solid waste crisis in the United States and more stringent environmental regulations in Europe, used its management competencies and corporate culture to turn what could have been serious barriers to expansion of its core businesses into new opportunities. By adopting a bold materials reclamation program, Sonoco was able to overcome potential limitations on its operations in the United States and abroad and to develop new business segments that benefited the company and the environment.