技术革新与清洁生产：可能性与局限性

许多技术和相关学科都可以促进清洁生产。以生命科学和生物技术为基础的技术在推动全球生产系统走向可持续性方面将发挥越来越大的作用。作为驱动者，科技的进步还不足以让工业采用清洁生产，还需要例如市场力量和政府政策。     

中小企业与可持续性：事实与数字

在大多数国家——大国和小国，发达国家和发展中国家——绝大多数企业都是中小企业(SMEs)．这些企业提供了至少一半的就业机会．     

技术革新与清洁生产：可能性与局限性

许多技术和相关学科都可以促进清洁生产.以生命科学和生物技术为基础的技术在推动全球生产系统走向可持续性方面将发挥越来越大的作用.作为驱动者，科技的进步还不足以让工业采用清洁生产.还需要例如市场力量和政府政策.     

水与工业：机遇与挑战

本文主要概述了提高工业用水效率的各种途径（例如：定价方法、财政激励、自愿协议、采用环境管理标准、清洁生产、“工业生态学”），水工业中预期的变化将是经济、环境和社会发展的反映、供水、废水的产生以及良好的商业行为被认为是推动这种变革的动力，本文强调了需要将城区及工业设施放在其所处的水环境中进行考虑。     

技术革新与清洁生产:可能性与局限性

许多技术和用关学科都可以促进清洁主产．以生命科学和生物技术为基础的技术在推动全球生产系统走向可持续性方面将发挥越来越大的作用．作为驱动者．科技的进步还不足以让工业采用清洁生产．还需要例如市场力量和政府政策．     

自然保护区与物种管理工作现状与设想

十年来,我国环境保护系统在自然保护区与物种保护方面主要进行了四部分工作:1.组织了一批自然保护区的科学考察;2.主持编写了中国动、植物红皮书;3.建立了一批由环境保护部门主管的自然保护区;4.建立了一批物种就地及迁地保存基地。近三年来,国家环境保护局自然保护区与物种管理处主要做了四项工作:1.加强了自然保护区管理的法规建设;2.抓紧了国家级自然保护区申报评审工作;3.深入基层,调查研究,促进地方自然保护区与物种管理工作;4.组织科研项目,为监督管理的科学决策服务。该处要求在今后的工作中,1.切实加强自然保护区的监督管理;2.以点带面推广典型,促进保护区产业发展;3.迎接全球环境热点,为保护生物多样性做贡献;4.进一步改进工作作风。     

《产业与环境》与清洁生产

《产业与环境》是联合国环境规划署技术、工业与经济司(UNEP DTIE)出版的《Industry and Environ-ment》的中文版,是国际上较有影响的刊物之一,英文版自1977年创刊起已在世界上180多个国家广泛发行,受联合国环境规划署的资助和委托,中国科学     

中小企业与可持续性:事实与数字

在大多数国家--大国和小国,发达国家和发展中国家--绝大多数企业都是中小企业(SMEs).这些企业提供了至少一半的就业机会.     

水与工业:机遇与挑战

本文主要概述了提高工业用水效率的各种途径(例如:定价方法、财政激励、自愿协议、采用环境管理标准、清洁生产、"工业生态学")水工业中预期的变化将是经济、环境和社会发展的反映.供水、废水的产生及良好的商业行为被认为是推动这种变革的动力.本文强调了需要将城区及工业设施放在其所处的水环境中进行考虑.     

香芋高产、优质栽培技术与产品分级及加工

香芋是多年生宿根草本植物,属天南星科(Araceae)一年生栽培,是我省重要的特种蔬菜之一,随着农业结构调整步伐的加快,香芋的种植面积也在不断扩大,为了提高香芋的产量和品质,达到绿色蔬菜的标准,该文提出了香芋高产、优质栽培技术与产品分级及加工.表3,参5.     

Nanosensors and nanobiosensors in food and agriculture

The food and agriculture sector controls the economic growth of a developing country. The food industries have practices of growing crops, raising livestock and sea foods, food processing and packaging, regulating production and distribution with quality and safety. The process control and monitoring quality are crucial steps. Here we review nanosensors and nanobiosensors as alternative of classical quantification methods. Nanoscale dimensions of metal nanoparticles, metal nanoclusters, metal oxide nanoparticles, metal and carbon quantum dots, graphene, carbon nanotubes, and nanocomposites expand the sensitivity by signal amplification and integrate several novel transduction principles such as enhanced electrochemical, optical, Raman, enhanced catalytic activity, and superparamagnetic properties into the nanosensors. The electrochemical nanosensors, optical nanosensors, electronic nose and electronic tongue, nanobarcode technology, and wireless nanosensors have revolutionized the sensing in food and agriculture sectors with multiplex and real-time sensing capabilities. Despite previous success stories of the remunerative health sector, the approaches are transferred subsequently to food and agriculture sector; with potential application in detection of food contaminants such as preservatives, antibiotics, heavy metal ions, toxins, microbial load, and pathogens along with the rapid monitoring of temperature, traceability, humidity, gas, and aroma of the food stuff.     

市场经济与土肥科技

土肥的基础地位是不随社会性质或社会经济类型的变化而变化的，它既具重要性，又具长久性．市场经济是仍然需要土肥科技的．土肥科技的教学、科研和推广的力度必须加大，局面必须改观，且宜快不宜迟．土肥科技工作者一定要将培肥地力作为中心工作．根据广东的实际，增施有机肥是培肥地力的主要措施，因而抓秸秆还田和发展冬绿肥是我们工作的重点．     

基因污染与生态环境安全

论述了基因污染可能对生态环境安全造成的影响。转基因作物有可能污染天然物种的基因库；有可能破坏传统农作物品种的遗传多样性，加速作物种植品种的单一化及基因资源的流失；使抗除草剂作物的基因向野生或半野生植物漂移的可能性加大，有可能创造出“超级杂草”；带有病毒型转基因作物的基因重组，有可能创造出新的植物病毒，导致新的病害；BT转基因抗虫作物分泌的毒素，在食物链中传递，很难加以控制，对非目标生物造成危害，并最终破坏自然生态系统的平衡。文章还从不同角度分析了基因污染的严重性。     

1株贫营养好氧反硝化菌的分离鉴定及其脱氮特性

从水库底泥样品中,以硝酸盐为唯一氮源进行驯化、分离筛选出1株能在贫营养及好氧条件下进行高效反硝化的菌株PY8,经过电镜形态学观察、生理生化和16S rDNA序列分析,并基于16SrDNA序列结果,构建了该菌株的系统发育树,最终确定菌株PY8为根瘤菌Rhizobiumsp.。考察了初始pH值、温度、C/N、初始硝酸钠质量浓度、投菌量对菌株PY8硝酸盐还原活性的影响,以及该菌株的异养硝化性能。结果表明,在pH6.0～10.0,温度25～30℃,C/N1.0～9.0,初始硝酸钠质量浓度0.01～0.50g·L-1,投菌量1%～15%时,菌株PY8培养72h后的硝氮去除率可达到95%以上。另外,该菌株具有同时硝化-反硝化作用,在培养过程中氨氮去除率可达到58%左右。实验结果表明,菌株PY8在微污染水体生物脱氮领域中具有很大的应用潜力。     

Indoor and outdoor air pollution and lung cancer in New Hampshire and Vermont

Indoor and outdoor air pollution is known to contribute to increased lung cancer incidence. This study is the first to address the contribution of home heating fuel and geographical course particulate matter (PM₁₀) concentrations to lung cancer rates in New Hampshire, USA. First, Pearson correlation analysis and geographically weighted regression were used to investigate spatial relationships between outdoor PM₁₀ and lung cancer rates. While the aforementioned analyses did not indicate a significant contribution of PM₁₀ to lung cancer in the state, there was a trend towards a significant association in the northern and southwestern regions of the state. Second, case-control data were used to estimate the contributions of indoor pollution and secondhand smoke to the risk of lung cancer with adjustment for confounders. Increased risk was found among those who used wood or coal to heat their homes for more than 10 winters before the age of 18, with a significant increase in risk per winter. Resulting data suggest that further investigation of the relationship between heating-related air pollution levels and lung cancer risk is needed.     

Characteristics of dispersions and water-soluble extracts of crude and refined oils and their toxicity to estuarine crustaceans and fish

The quantitative hydrocarbon composition and behavior in seawater of water-soluble fractions (WSF) and oil-in-water dispersions (OWD) of 4 oils was investigated. Two crude oils, South Louisiana crude and Kuwait crude, and two refined oils, No. 2 fuel oil and bunker C residual oil, were used in these investigations. The WSFs of the crude oils had higher total oil-hydrocarbon concentrations and were richer in light aliphatics and single-ring aromatics than were the WSFs of the refined oils. The WSFs of the refined oils contained significantly higher concentrations of naphthalenes than did those of the crudes. The hydrocarbon composition of the aqueous phase of OWDs closely resembled that of the parent oils. Gentle aeration of the OWDs resulted in a loss of 80 to 90% of the aqueous hydrocarbons in 24 h. Alkanes disappeared from the dispersions more rapidly than aromatics. The WSFs and OWDs of the refined oils were considerably more toxic to the 6 test species than were those of the crude oils. The test species can be ranked according to increasing sensitivity to oil as follows: Cyprinodon variegatus, Menidia beryllina, Fundulus similus, Penaeus aztecus postlarvae, Palaemonetes pugio and Mysidopsis almyra. The results of this investigation are discussed in relation to the potential impacts of oil spills on the marine and estuarine environments.