煤层气开发环境影响浅析

在国际能源局势趋紧的情况下,作为一种优质高效清洁能源,煤层气具有广阔的开发前景。我国煤层气开发仍处于起步阶段,因此,煤层气开发对环境的影响应该引起关注。文章分析了煤层气开发对水环境、生态环境、大气环境及声环境的影响,对探索并形成系统有效的环保措施有一定参考价值。     

四川省煤层气开发利用的必要性与可行性分析

四川省拥有丰富的煤层气资源，预测资源量3481亿m^3。煤层气的开发利用有利于弥补常规能源的不足，有利于改善煤矿安全生产条件和减轻大气污染。目前国内外煤层气地面开采技术、井下瓦斯抽放技术均已成熟，四川煤层气开发利用是可行的。     

冷静面对“页岩气革命”

美国的“页岩气革命”对世界能源走势产生了重大影响，作为清洁、高效的非常规油气资源，其成为低碳经济背景下能源消费大国趋之若鹜的目标。对此局势的战略性跟进，中国需保持清醒与冷静。根据循环经济和资源综合开发的要求，目前宜优先发展煤层气（瓦斯）。对于页岩气产业，应补贴勘探和技术研发，先做好页岩气资源的战略性储备工作。     

典型大气环境玻璃钢天线罩聚氨酯涂层工艺老化行为研究

通过南海海洋大气环境、海南万宁湿热乡村大气环境、西藏拉萨高原大气环境户外大气暴露对玻璃钢基灭线罩聚氨酯涂层工艺进行了老化试验，运用光泽、颜色、粉化率、SEM等手段测试了涂层在户外大气暴露的性能变化和表面形貌，并进行对比分析。结果表明，在相同大气环境中，工艺玻璃钢板／雷达罩底漆／浅灰航天聚氨酯涂层耐候性能优于工艺玻璃钢板／环氧聚酰胺／弹性聚氨酯磁漆涂层的耐侯性能；对于同种工艺，西沙海洋大气环境对其耐侯性的影响最大，其次是万宁湿热乡村环境，拉萨高原环境影响较小；光照、温度、湿度是涂层老化的主要原因。     

成都市居民生活与第三产业污染源调查分析

居民生活与第三产业污染源是影响城市大气环境质量的重要因素之一。本文对居民生活与第三产业污染源进行了调查分析。了解其对成都市大气环境的影响程度，为成都市大气环境质量控制策略提供依据。     

峨眉山环境现状研究

峨眉山是世界名山，其主要风景林－－冷杉出现大面积衰败和死亡。本文概述了峨眉山的地理和气候特点，研究了土壤、植被、大气环境及旅游现状；为深入研究峨眉山冷杉衰亡的原因提供基础资料，为恢复和建设峨眉山的生态环境提供思路和参考。     

对大气污染防治立法的若干思考

《大气污染防治法》的实施有力地推动了中国的大气污染防治工作，但是城市大气污染和局部地区酸雨危害依然严重，大气质量总体上仍在恶化。为了适应市场经济体制和形势发展的需要，全国人大常委会决定修改现行《大气污染防治法》，下面笔者就这个问题谈几点看法。一、关于大气环境监督管理体制和制度工业烟尘、粉尘及SO2等的排放量约占全国排放总量的80％左右。政府不再直接经营管理企业，其主要职能在于对绿济、社会实行宏观调控，这决定了加强对大气环境的监督管理既必要又可能。（一）大气环境的监督管理体制大气环境监督管理体制应当是…     

京津冀城市群大气环境效率研究

基于超效率SBM和GML指数研究方法,利用京津冀13个城市的数据测度了京津冀城市群2006—2016年大气环境效率,结合全局莫兰指数考察了京津冀城市群的空间格局,并对影响因素进行分析。结果表明:①京津冀城市群大气环境效率总体不高,呈下降趋势,城市之间存在明显差异,北京大气环境效率表现突出。②大气环境全要素生产率出现小幅下滑,技术落后是其主要原因。③大气环境效率的空间格局表现出由高—高集聚区逐渐向低—高集聚区迁移的趋势。④经济水平、开放程度和新能源普及率对大气环境效率具有显著促进作用,而产业结构、人口密度对大气环境效率具有负向影响。     

大气环境质量评价的物元分析法

本文应用物元分析法作大气环境质量评价，新都县的实例计算和分析表明，物元分析法用于大气环境质量评价，能客观，综合地划分各点位的大气环境质量级别，不失为大气环境质量评价的一种好方法，实例评价结果与实际情况相吻合。     

格尔木市冬季环境空气质量状况及影响因素探析

格尔木市地处高寒缺氧区，自然条件恶劣，随着格尔木市经济建设的迅速发展，近年来冬季大气环境已发生了很明显的变化，历而有必要对其冬季大气环境状况进行分析，并寻找出影响因素。     

焦炉煤气的净化和有效利用途径

随着我国钢铁工业的发展，焦化行业进入到一个大发展时期。大量焦炉煤气的产生，为焦炉煤气的合理开发利用提出了新的课题。焦炉煤气的有效利用可产生巨大的经济效益，并且可避免环境污染和二次能源的浪费。     

我国能源开发面临的问题与对策

分析了我国能源开发的现状,指出现行能源结构给能源开发和消费带来的三个主要问题:能源开发利用程度低、环境污染严重、现行能源战略不能满足社会可持续发展的需要.在此基础上,提出了调整现行能源结构、发展洁净煤技术、加大我国西部天然气开发的投入、发展核能和加大可再生能源的开发利用等发展战略.     

Characteristics of coal mine ventilation air flows

Coal mine methane (CMM) is not only a greenhouse gas but also a wasted energy resource if not utilised. Underground coal mining is by far the most important source of fugitive methane emissions, and approximately 70% of all coal mining related methane is emitted to the atmosphere through mine ventilation air. Therefore, research and development on mine methane mitigation and utilisation now focuses on methane emitted from underground coal mines, in particular ventilation air methane (VAM) capture and utilisation. To date, most work has focused on the oxidation of very low concentration methane. These processes may be classified based on their combustion kinetic mechanisms into thermal oxidation and catalytic oxidation. VAM mitigation/utilisation technologies are generally divided into two basic categories: ancillary uses and principal uses. However, it is possible that the characteristics of ventilation air flows, for example the variations in methane concentration and the presence of certain compounds, which have not been reported so far, could make some potential VAM mitigation and utilisation technologies unfeasible if they cannot cope with the characteristics of mine site ventilation air flows. Therefore, it is important to understand the characteristics of mine ventilation air flows. Moreover, dust, hydrogen sulphide, sulphur dioxide, and other possible compounds emitted through mine ventilation air into the atmosphere are also pollutants. Therefore, this paper presents mine-site experimental results on the characteristics of mine ventilation air flows, including methane concentration and its variations, dust loadings, particle size, mineral matter of the dust, and other compounds in the ventilation air flows. The paper also discusses possible correlations between ventilation air characteristics and underground mining activities.     

气田放空天然气减排技术探讨

随着低碳发展理念的不断深入,放空天然气带来的资源浪费与温室气体排放问题日益成为气田节能减排的关注重点之一。文章结合气田放空天然气排放特点,着重探讨国内外回收利用现状,在分析西南油气田减排技术需求的基础上提出适宜的减排技术建议,包括：开发井口放空气撬装式回收装置,开展增压机放空天然气减排技术研究,开展火炬气减排技术研究。通过对此类技术群的继续开发与应用,为气田下一步减排行动提供技术参考。     

页岩气开发过程中存在的环境问题及对策

我国正处于页岩气开发的试验期,页岩气开发会带来水资源紧缺、水和土壤污染及甲烷泄漏等环境污染问题,因此,分析页岩气开发带来的环境问题并制定应对措施十分必要。文章详细分析了页岩气开发过程中可能引起的一系列问题,并结合我国页岩气开发实际情况提出了解决对策,希望能为我国页岩气的开发提供一定的参考。     

我国天然气分布式能源产业政策发展及相关建议

天然气分布式能源具有能效高、清洁环保、安全性好、削峰填谷等诸多优点。发展天然气分布式能源是扩大天然气应用和实现资源就地转化的重要方向和选择,是我国能源发展战略的一部分,同时也能够提升天然气优化利用水平,提高能源利用效率,促进节能减排和绿色低碳发展,深化能源行业及电力行业供给侧结构性改革。对我国天然气分布式能源产业政策进行详细分析,对江苏、上海、浙江等重点地区天然气分布式能源项目调研基础上,系统提出当前天然气分布式能源存在的问题,并在合理布局、天然气价格市场化、经济政策、核心技术研发等多方面提出相关政策建议。     

Challenges to liberalism: The case of Australian energy policy

This paper considers liberal and nationalist economic policy approaches to the ownership and development of Australian energy resources (oil, gas, coal and uranium). In the two decades prior to 1983, Australia pursued economic policies in relation to its energy resources which could broadly be described as ‘nationalist’. Governments of the day intervened in development decisions in an effort to enhance the ‘national interest’. From 1983, along with the deregulation of the Australian economy as a whole, policy relating to energy resources was liberalised. Development of energy reserves henceforth occurred according to the dictates of the market. This paper argues that recent Australian energy policy initiatives reflect an increase in nationalist influences and a retreat from the liberalisation agenda that dominated energy policy making in the 1980s and 1990s. Three examples are discussed where policy has been influenced by a nationalist framework: (1) the domestic gas reservation policy in Western Australia; (2) Australian government efforts to promote a ‘value adding’ nuclear processing industry and (3) Australian Labor Party policy giving preferential financial incentives for gas to liquids projects. The re-emergence of nationalism in Australia is occurring either because policy makers now favour it as a path to energy security or in some cases because they believe that appeals to nationalism will generate political support.     

循环流化床锅炉掺烧高炉煤气的应用

介绍了高炉煤气的主要燃烧特性，分析了高炉煤气在循环流化床锅炉中掺烧时对炉膛换热、过热蒸汽温度、锅炉负荷、热效率、分离装置以及环境的影响，并提出了消除不良影响的相应措施。     

CH类有机废气焚烧工艺及设备的设计应用

结合某煤化工企业主装置配套的废气处理项目,设计一套有机废气焚烧处理工艺,处理企业产生的CH类废气,在保证安全可靠、焚烧产物达标排放的前提下,尽可能降低运行成本。同时利用系统产生的热量,产生副产蒸气,供厂区用气点使用,节能环保。     

Industrial waste to energy by circulating fluidized bed combustion

Industrial waste is a good resource from the viewpoint of efficient waste management. The vital need for energy utilization and environmental protection mean it is of interest to develop circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFBC) to burn solid wastes with low pollutant emissions. The paper presents some explanatory studies on waste-to-energy in a pilot scale CFCB facility. A series of combustion/incineration tests have been carried out for the industrial wastes: petroleum coke, waste tire and sludge cakes with various moisture contents. It seems that the CFBC has feed flexibility without modifying heat transfer equipments for energy recovery. In addition, the results of experimental tests demonstrate that gas emissions from waste incineration in CFBC can be well controlled under local regulation limits.At normal operation temperature in CFBC (approx. 800°C), the heat transfer coefficient between bulk bed and bed wall is on the order of 10² W/m^2° C, which is useful to estimate the energy recovery of waste combustion by CFBC. A practical and simple guide is proposed to estimate the energy recovery from waste combustion by CFBC, and to find maximum allowable moisture content of waste if there is to be any energy recovery without auxiliary fuel.