Response of antioxidase in viscera of Pagrosuma major larvae to water soluble fraction of hydrocarbons in No.0 diesel oil

Pagrosomus major larvae were to the water-soluble fraction of hydrocarbon in No.0 diesel oil(corresponding to No.2 fuel oil) at concentration of 0,0.17,1.22 and 8.82mg/L for up to 15 days.Larvae were sampled on days 9 and 15 of the experiment.Supernatants of viscera tissue extractions were assayed for biochemical response in terms of oxidative stress-superoxide dismutase(SOD),activity of selenium-dependant glutathione peroxidase(Se-GPx) and catalase(Ca),and the concentration of reduced glutathione(CSH).On day 9 of exposure ,statistically significant dose-related increases in Se-GPx and SOD activity,and GSH concentration were observed in all cases except for Se-GPx activity under the highest dosage of hydrocarbon.However,on day 15 of exposure, a similar dose-related in all cases except for Se-GPx activity under the highest dosage of hydrocarbon.However,on day 15 of exposure, a similar dose-related response was only observed for Se-GPx activity.GSH concentration decreased and SOD activity showed no statistical difference as compared to controls.However, a significant decrease in compared to day 9 Se-GPx activity and GSH concentration, in contrast to increase SOD activity at day 15 as indicates an accelerated accumulation of H2O2 and potential oxidative damage under long term exposure of larvae to hydrocarbons.No statistical changes were observed in Ca activity throughout the experiment, possibly owing to the high efficiency of Se-GPx.A recovery experiment was performed on indicating that the response of antioxidants measured tending to returm to return to their control levels.These results prove the function of the antioxidant defense system of the larvae to the water-soluble fraction of hydrocarbons in No.0 diesel oil.     

石油烃对虾夷马粪海胆胚胎发育及四种酶活力的影响

通过虾夷马粪海胆胚胎暴露实验,研究了常见石油烃零号柴油对海胆胚胎发育时间以及发育时期内海胆胚胎的SOD、CAT、GPx及谷胱甘肽转移酶(GST)四种酶活性的影响。结果表明,不同浓度的零号柴油水溶组分对海胆胚胎发育的各个时期具有不同程度的延迟效应,低浓度对海胆胚胎中的四种酶表现出不同程度的诱导效应;四种酶活性的变化程度比较,对GPx和GST酶活力的影响要明显大于对CAT和SOD的影响;随着浓度的不断增大,四种酶活性受到不同程度的抑制作用,高浓度对酶活性的抑制作用尤为显著;囊胚期对影响最为敏感,可作为生物标志物。     

短期暴露于城市污水处理厂尾水的文蛤抗氧化酶响应

为研究城市污水处理厂(STPs)尾水是否会引起海洋生物的氧化逆境,将取自青岛市李村河污水处理厂的尾水用海水稀释到不同浓度(0%、1%、5%、10%、20% V/V), 对文蛤(Meretrix meretrix)暴露培养15d, 分析其内脏中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)的活性. 结果表明:SOD活性随尾水暴露时间延长基本表现为“抛物线型”的响应特征,体积比10%、20%的尾水暴露6~12d期间,文蛤体内SOD活性均受到诱导,最大增幅为15.88%;CAT和GPx对尾水的主要响应特征是抑制效应,分别在暴露9d、12d时最为明显,最大抑制率分别为64.38%和52.39%;较高浓度(20%)的尾水能够持续抑制GR活性,而其他处理组中,GR对尾水表现为“抛物线型”的响应特征,即:暴露3d或6d时活性增加,而后显著降低.GR活性的最大诱导出现在暴露3d和6d时,分别比对照组上升81.47%和80.91%.研究结果进一步表明STPs不能有效降解有害化学物质以消除尾水的毒性, 文蛤内脏SOD、CAT、GPx和GR活性能够敏感指示尾水诱导的氧化逆境.     

阴离子表面活性剂SDS和SDBS对紫贻贝生化指标的影响研究

以青岛胶州湾现场调查数据为依据,选择阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)作为污染物,以近海底栖生物紫贻贝为受试生物,研究了长期暴露后紫贻贝生化指标(SOD,CAT,GSH,GPx,GST,iNOS,AKP)的变化.结果表明,经过72 d不同浓度暴露后,SDBS实验组紫贻贝体内的SOD、CAT和iNOS活性均有显著下降（除CAT 0.1 mg/L组外）,GSH、GST和GPx在3.0　mg/L SDS和SDBS组较各自对照组均有显著升高.SDBS对紫贻贝生化指标影响的显著性水平大于SDS. 统计分析显示,SDBS暴露组下GST与GPx呈显著正相关关系,iNOS与SOD也表现出一定正相关,但GSH与CAT、GSH与SOD呈现显著负相关关系.此外,结果发现后闭壳肌中iNOS可能是一个具有应用前景的阴离子表面活性剂暴露生物标志物.     

石油烃污染对海胆胚胎及浮游幼虫生长发育的影响

为研究石油烃污染对海胆的毒性, 采用海胆胚胎发育技术, 观察0号柴油、船用轻质柴油和船用重质燃料油分散液对马粪海胆胚胎及浮游幼虫生长发育的影响.结果显示, 三种油品分散液使得胚胎发育至2-细胞期、4-细胞期、8-细胞期、16-细胞期、囊胚期的时间延后,这种延后的现象随着发育进程和油品分散液浓度升高而愈发明显.与对照组相比,染毒的海胆浮游幼虫生长速度明显减慢,二腕幼虫及四腕幼虫的体长均变短.三种油品对于海胆胚胎生长发育过程的毒性顺序为:0号柴油>船用轻质柴油>船用重质燃料油.     

重金属镉胁迫对尼罗罗非鱼抗氧化酶系统的影响

为评估重金属镉（Cd2+）对鱼类抗氧化酶活性的影响,本文采用静水生物测试的方法,将尼罗罗非鱼暴露于不同浓度水平（0、0.5、1.5、3.0和6.0mg/L）的Cd2+溶液中,21d后测定尼罗罗非鱼肌肉、肝脏、肾脏、脾脏和鳃5种组织中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性和谷胱甘肽（GSH）的含量。结果表明:重金属镉对尼罗罗非鱼抗氧化酶活性产生影响。尼罗罗非鱼肝脏组织的SOD、CAT活性和GSH含量显著高于其他4种组织,具有组织特异性。肝脏组织的SOD、CAT活性和GSH含量随着镉浓度的升高呈下降趋势,高浓度组（3.0mg/L）和极高浓度组（6.0mg/L）尼罗罗非鱼肝脏组织的SOD活性显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。肝脏组织中SOD、CAT活性和暴露水体中镉的浓度水平呈现明显的剂量-效应关系。与对照组相比,暴露组尼罗罗非鱼肾脏组织中SOD、CAT活性及GSH含量均处于诱导状态;对于鳃组织而言,SOD、CAT活性呈现低浓度（0.5mg/L）时被诱导,高浓度时被抑制。不同暴露组尼罗罗非鱼肌肉和脾脏组织中SOD、CAT活性与对照组没有显著性差异（P>0.05）。     

低浓度锌及其EDTA配合物长期暴露对鲫鱼肝脏锌富集及抗氧化系统的影响

选择幼龄鲫鱼为材料 ,研究锌(Zn²⁺)及其配合物(Zn-EDTA)低浓度长期暴露(40d)对鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)肝脏锌富集和抗氧化防御系统的影响 .结果表明 ,鲫鱼肝脏中锌的积累量随锌暴露浓度的升高而增加,且Zn²⁺处理明显高于Zn EDTA处理 .2种形态锌对鲫鱼肝脏超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、过氧化氢酶 (CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GPx)均表现出抑制作用 ,其中Zn²⁺暴露浓度与酶活性之间存在良好的剂量效应关系;Zn²⁺在低浓度时对谷胱甘肽转硫酶(GST)有诱导作用 ,高浓度时为抑制作用 .Zn EDTA对GST活性始终产生抑制作用 .CAT与GPx对锌暴露比GST和SOD更为敏感 ,适合作为水环境锌污染的早期监测指标 .     

Effect of Cd on GSH and GSH-related enzymes of Chlamydomonas sp. ICE-L existing in Antarctic ice

Glutathione(GSH) and GSH-related enzymes play a great role in protecting organisms from oxidative damage. The GSH level and GSH-related enzymes activities were investigated as well as the growth yield and malonyldialdehyde(MDA) content in the Antarctic ice microalga Chlamydomonas sp. ICE-L exposure to the different cadmium concentration in this paper. The results showed that the higher concentration Cd inhibited the growth of ICE-L significantly and Cd would induce formation of MDA. At the same time, it is clear that GSH level, glutathione peroxidases(GPx) activity and glutathione S-transferases(GST), activity were higher in ICE-L exposed to Cd than the control. But GR activity dropped notably when ICE-L were cultured in the medium containing Cd. Increase of GSH level, GPx and GST activities acclimate to oxidative stress induced by Cd and protect Antarctic ice microalga Chlamydomonas sp. ICE-L from toxicity caused by Cd exposure. These parameters may be used to assess the biological impact of Cd in the Antarctic pole region environment.     

潮间带原油污染对泥蚶(Tegillarca granosa)抗氧化酶活性影响与综合生物标志物响应研究

随着海洋石油开发及运输的不断发展,溢油事故时有发生,给潮间带生物带来不同程度的影响. 以泥蚶(Tegillarca granosa)为研究对象,采用潮间带原油污染生物暴露室内模拟试验及数据统计检验,结合综合生物标志物响应(IBR)星状图,探讨潮间带沉积物原油污染对泥蚶鳃和消化腺中不同抗氧化酶活性的影响,筛选最优生物标志物. 结果表明:①受低浓度原油污染时超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性总体表现为被诱导,受高浓度原油污染时总体表现为被抑制,且其在消化腺中的平均活性(132.29 U/mg)约为鳃中(69.34 U/mg)的2倍. ②过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性在时间-效应上与SOD活性变化规律相似,但其响应时间具有滞后性. ③鳃中谷胱甘肽转硫酶(GST)活性在受污染第1天总体表现为被抑制,而消化腺中GST活性在第3、12天时被抑制的效果更明显. ④鳃中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)活性在污染第3天较早被激发,且消化腺中GPx活性最大诱导率和抑制率都出现在低浓度(500 mg/kg)原油污染时. ⑤泥蚶鳃和消化腺的IBR值均随暴露时间的增加呈先降低后升高的趋势,且与4种酶活性变化趋势基本相同. 研究显示,4种主要抗氧化酶在消除活性氧自由基(ROS)上具有协同作用,GST可作为原油污染短期监测的生物标志物,而IBR可作为综合生物毒性评价的指标.      

Cd2+对长江华溪蟹谷胱甘肽系统的影响

摘要：本实验采用急性毒性方法,研究了镉（Cd2+）对长江华溪蟹（Sinopotamon yangtsekiense）肝胰腺和鳃谷胱甘肽系统的影响。Cd2+浓度设置为7.25、14.5、29、58和116 mg/L,同时设对照组。分别在24、48、72和96 h用分光光度法测定了还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）和氧化型谷胱甘肽（GSSG）含量,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）、谷胱甘肽硫转移酶（GST）和谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）活力以及GSH/GSSG比值。结果显示,随着Cd2+浓度的增加和处理时间的延长,肝胰腺中GSH含量呈现逐渐降低的趋势,在96 h、Cd2+浓度116 mg/L时GSH含量降至最低值[（28.805±2.239） mg/g];GPx活力先升后降;GSSG含量和GST与GR活力均无显著变化。鳃中GSH、GSSG含量和GPx活力的变化趋势与肝胰腺基本一致,GST和GR活力则随着Cd2+浓度的增大和处理时间的延长逐渐降低,在96 h、Cd2+浓度116 mg/L时GST和GR活力较对照组分别下降了44%和79%。肝胰腺和鳃中GSH/GSSG比值随着Cd2+浓度的增大和处理时间的延长逐渐降低。结果表明,Cd2+对GSH和GSSG含量,GPx、GST、GR活力均产生了不同程度的影响;GSH/GSSG比值的变化能灵敏反映Cd2+对水生动物的胁迫程度及毒性大小,可作为一种准确敏感的生物学指标用以指示镉污染。     

Antioxidant responses to benzo[a]pyrene, tributyltin and their mixture in the spleen of Sebasticus marmoratus

It has been reported that there is an interaction between Benzo[a]pyrene （BaP）, a widespread carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and tributyltin （TBT）, an organometal used as an antifouling biocide. This study was therefore designed to examine the potential in vivo influence of BaP, TBT and their mixture on splenic antioxidant defense systems of Sebastiscus marmoratus. The fish were exposed to water containing environmentally relevant concentrations of BaP, TBT and their mixture. Spleens were collected for biochemical analysis after exposure for 7, 25, 50 d and after recovery for 7, 20 d. Cotreatment with BaP and TBT for 7 d potentiated the induction of glutathione peroxidase （GPx） activity by BaP or TBT alone. The cotreatment for 25 and 50 d resulted in inhibition of GPx activity, which was similar to the effect of TBT. Splenic glutathione S-transferase （GST） activities were significantly elevated in S. marmoratus exposed to BaP starting from 7 d and remained high up to 25 d. However, no further activity change was found with prolonged exposure. Cotreatment of BaP and TBT primarily inhibited the GST activity, which was similar to the effect of TBT. Cotreatment with BaP and TBT for 25 or 50 d potentiated the depletion of GSH （glutathione） by BaP or TBT alone. MDA （malondialdehyde） contents in spleen of S. marmoratus were not significantly altered compared with the control during the test period. Spleen, as an immune organ, is sensitive to exposure of BaP or TBT. It should have an effective mechanism to counteract oxidative damage. Antioxidative defense systems in spleen of S. marmoratus should be considered as potential biomarkers. Short-term exposure of BaP or TBT could result in induction of antioxidant defense system. A significant decrease of these indices, such as GSH, GST, GPx might indicate more severe contamination.     

北部湾文蛤对石油烃和多氯联苯的氧化应激响应

为探讨海域现场双壳类动物对有机污染物积累的抗氧化响应,在北部湾潮间带11个采样点采集文蛤(Meretrix meretrix)样品,测定其软组织中w(TPHs)(TPHs为石油烃)、w(PCBs)(PCBs为多氯联苯)以及鳃、内脏中GSH(还原型谷胱甘肽),GSSG(氧化型谷胱甘肽)、SOD(超氧化物歧化酶)、CAT(过氧化氢酶)、GPx(谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶)、GST(谷胱甘肽转硫酶)、TBARS(硫代巴比妥酸反应物)7种氧化应激物的水平,分析其空间分布特征,并进行有机污染物含量与氧化应激物响应值之间的相关性分析. 结果表明:文蛤软组织中w(TPHs)和w(PCBs)分别为78.22~300.71μg/g和4.23~26.68ng/g,最大值均出现在S10采样点(防城港西湾);内脏中CAT活性较高,其他氧化应激物均在鳃中有较高水平. 与对照采样点S1(湛江流沙湾)相比,S2、S3、S6、S10、S11等5个采样点文蛤组织内SOD、CAT、GST、GPx、GSH水平较低;大多数采样点文蛤鳃中w(GSSG)较低,而S3、S4、S6、S7、S9、S11等6个采样点文蛤内脏中w(GSSG)较高;大多数采样点文蛤组织中TBARS含量较低,表明其抗氧化防御机能尚未丧失. TPHs显著抑制文蛤鳃中的w(GSSG) (R=-0.64,P<0.05),PCBs显著抑制文蛤鳃中的GPx(R=-0.72,P<0.05)和GST(R=-0.72,P<0.05)的活性,表明w(GSSG)及GPx和GST的活性可作为指示北部湾有机污染的生物标志物.      

Effects of phenanthrene on hepatic enzymatic activities in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus♂×O. aureus♀)

The effects of phenanthrene (Phe) on hepatosomatic index (HSI) and hepatic enzymatic activities in hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus ♀× O.aureus ♂) were investigated via the static freshwater exposure at dosage of 50,100 or 400 μg/L for 4-14 d.Compared with the control group,HSI was significantly decreased (P<0.05) at 400 μg/L at day 14.Increased enzymatic activities (P<0.05) were observed for catalase (CAT),glutathione peroxidase μgPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) at either 100 or 400 μg/L at day 8 and 14,as well as for CAT at 50 μg/L at day 14,except for GPx at 400 μg/L at day 8.Ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity was significantly increased (P<0.05) at all dosage at day 4 as well as at 50 μg/L at day 8,but significantly decreased at either 100 or 400 μg/L at day 14 (P<0.05).Glutathione-S-transferase μgST) activity was not affected.The results suggest that CAT,GPx,SOD and EROD,as well as HSI in tilapia may be used as the biomarkers or indexes for evaluating or monitoring the pollution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as Phe.     

缢蛏对潮间带原油污染的氧化应激及IBR评价

通过研究不同浓度原油污染对缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)鳃和内脏团抗氧化酶活性、脂质过氧化及鳃结构的影响,结合综合生物标志物响应(IBR),探讨潮间带原油污染对生物的毒性效应.结果显示:在剂量-效应方面,2种组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和内脏团中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)总体上表现为低浓度诱导、高浓度抑制效应;SOD诱导与过氧化氢酶(CAT)抑制同时出现,规律大致相反.在时间-效应上,SOD活性呈升高-降低-升高的趋势, CAT与GPx呈先降低后升高的趋势;谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)在鳃中呈现先升高后降低的趋势,酶活性最高为371.663U/mgprot.暴露前期(6h)缢蛏2种组织中丙二醛(MDA)含量显著增加,鳃和内脏团中MDA含量最高值分别为5.030和10.705nmol/mgprot,后期逐渐平稳.IBR结果表明鳃中生物标志物对原油污染敏感度更高.原油暴露会使鳃丝结构发生变形或引起鳃丝脱离等现象.研究表明,缢蛏鳃更适宜作为潮间带原油暴露生物监测与评价的器官.     

沉积物中三丁基锡对铜锈环棱螺肝胰脏抗氧化防御系统的影响

以铜锈环棱螺(Bellamya aeruginosa)为试验对象,采用人工添加TBT的自然沉积物对铜锈环棱螺进行静态暴露实验,研究了沉积物中不同浓度TBT长期暴露(30 d)对铜锈环棱螺肝胰脏的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)的影响,以揭示TBT对它们影响的浓度效应关系。结果表明,沉积物中低浓度(100 ng/g)TBT对SOD、CAT和GSH没有影响。当TBT浓度为500～1000 ng/g时,SOD活性呈现浓度依耐性的升高。当TBT浓度为200～1000 ng/g时,CAT活性表现为浓度依耐性的升高。高浓度(2000 ng/g)TBT则导致SOD和CAT活性急剧下降,分别比对照下降了67.33%和54.87%。当TBT浓度为200～1000 ng/g时,GSH含量呈现浓度依耐性的下降,高浓度(2000 ng/g)TBT导致GSH含量急剧下降,比对照下降了76.87%。环境水平的TBT长期暴露对铜锈环棱螺肝胰脏产生了氧化胁迫,高浓度的TBT长期胁迫使肝胰脏受到了严重的氧化损伤。CAT和GSH可以用作环境水平TBT长期暴露的有效生物标志物。     

萘对斑马鱼（Danio rerio）内脏团抗氧化防御系统的胁迫与生物响应

经急性毒性实验,得到萘对成体斑马鱼96　h的半数致死浓度（LC₅₀）为11.8 mg·L^-1.在此基础上,设置5个浓度梯度：0、 1/6 LC₅₀、 1/4 LC₅₀、 1/3 LC₅₀、 1/2 LC₅₀,研究了在不同的暴露时间下（0.5、 1、 2、 4、 、 14d）,萘对斑马鱼抗氧化防御系统的影响.结果表明,还原型谷胱甘肽（glutathione, GSH）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（glutathione peroxidase, GPx）和谷胱甘肽硫转移酶（glutathione S-transferase, GST）对萘非常敏感,在暴露0.5　d时就受到抑制或诱导.0.5　d后GPx活性整体上被诱导,只在第14　d时高浓度组（1/3 LC₅₀和1/2 LC₅₀浓度组）GPx活性被抑制;GST和GSH则总体上是低于对照的.超氧化物岐化酶（superoxide dismutase, SOD）活性在2d后呈现先诱导后抑制;过氧化氢酶（catalase, CAT）活性在1　d后整体上受抑制.萘对斑马鱼内脏团抗氧化防御系统能产生影响,其变化可作为生物标志物,来评价暴露于多环芳烃有机污染的鱼类的生物学效应.     

不同形态锌离子对鲫鱼谷胱甘肽系统的影响

研究了在室内模拟条件下,不同形态锌离子(Zn²⁺与Zn-EDTA)长期(40d)暴露对鲫鱼(Crucian curatus)肝脏谷胱甘肽系统的影响.结果表明,在试验剂量范围内,0.10mg/L的Zn²⁺暴露即能引起鲫鱼肝脏中锌显著积累,明显高于Zn-EDTA暴露试验中的积累量.鲫鱼肝脏中谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)的活性,在Zn²⁺及Zn-EDTA浓度为0.05mg/L(低于渔业水质标准0.10mg/L)时就受到了显著抑制,Zn-EDTA较高浓度(>0.1mg/L)暴露对GR活性的抑制率更大.Zn²⁺对谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)活性、氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量及GSH/GSSG均有抑制作用,且存在良好的剂量-效应关系.     

Effects of phenanthrene on hepatic enzymatic activities in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus♂×O. aureus♀)

The effects of phenanthrene (Phe) on hepatosomatic index (HSI) and hepatic enzymatic activities in hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus O. aureus ) were investigated via the static freshwater exposure at dosage of 50, 100, and 400 g/L for 4–14 d. Compared with the control group, HSI was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) at 400 g/L at day 14. Increased enzymatic activities (P < 0.05) were observed for catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) at either 100 or 400 g/L at day 8 and 14, as well as for CAT at 50 g/L at day 14, except for GPx at 400 g/L at day 8. Ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity was significantly increased (P < 0.05) at all dosage at day 4 as well as at 50 g/L at day 8, but significantly decreased at either 100 or 400 g/L at day 14 (P < 0.05). Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity was not a ected. The results suggest that CAT, GPx, SOD and EROD, as well as HSI in tilapia may be used as the biomarkers or indexes for evaluating or monitoring the pollution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as Phe.     

壬基酚对波纹巴非蛤(Paphia undulata)外套膜毒性效应研究

实验室条件下获得了壬基酚(Nonylphenol,NP)对波纹巴非蛤(Paphia undulata)的96 h LC50值为0.26 mg/L。同时研究了波纹巴非蛤外套膜中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量和丙二醛(MDA)含量在低、中、高(浓度分别为1、10和25 g/L)3个浓度NP曝毒以及清水释放下的胁迫响应。结果表明:胁迫1 d时波纹巴非蛤外套膜SOD活性只有低浓度组被轻度抑制,随后总体呈先诱导后抑制的变化趋势;POD活性在整个胁迫期间只有15 d的低、中浓度组被抑制,其他时间总体呈被诱导状态;GSH含量在胁迫1 d和7 d基本上均低于对照组,而15 d时3个浓度组GSH含量均极显著高于对照组(P 0.01);MDA含量随胁迫时间延长呈明显升高的变化趋势。清水释放后,低浓度组SOD活性、POD活性和GSH含量均恢复正常;中、高浓度组只有GSH含量恢复至对照水平。本研究表明NP对波纹巴非蛤外套膜有明显的氧化损伤,且随着NP浓度升高其受损程度增大,高浓度NP胁迫后外套膜SOD活性、POD活性和MDA含量释放实验结束后未能恢复至对照水平。     

基于综合生物标志物响应指数评价0~#柴油和平湖原油胁迫下的缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)毒性效应

选择0#柴油和平湖原油乳化液对缢蛏(Sinonovacula constricta)进行氧化胁迫实验,选取典型的抗氧化酶-超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷光甘肽硫转移酶(GST)及过氧化物酶(POD)用于衡量油类污染物对生物体造成的氧化压力大小.此外,结合综合生物标志物响应(Integrated Biomarker Responses,IBR)指标,对2种石油污染物对缢蛏的毒性响应进行定量化评价.结果表明,不同浓度的0#柴油和平湖原油对缢蛏消化腺中的4种酶表现出不同程度的诱导效应,各试验组在暴露前期均表现出诱导或抑制,但对4种酶的影响存在时间顺序性,SOD、CAT和GST的酶活性表现为升高-降低的过程,POD表现为降低-升高的过程,活性达到峰值的时间SOD和CAT要早于GST和POD.结合计算出的IBR数值来看,高浓度0#柴油能够引起最为显著的生物效应变化,显示该石油污染物高毒性的特征,0#柴油生物毒性大于平湖原油生物毒性.