城市森林游憩区质量管理研究——以南京紫金山森林游憩区为例

分析了城市森林游憩区的内涵,认为城市森林游憩区的质量构成包括环境质量、服务质量、景观质量和游憩者满意度等四个方面.其中,环境和服务质量的提升是游憩区景观质量和游憩者满意度提高的现实路径,因此环境和服务是实施质量管理的关键要素.城市森林游憩区质量管理的目标是在实现森林资源可持续发展的前提下,为游憩者提供更好的游憩体验.在此基础上,以南京紫金山森林游憩区为例,通过实地调查和访谈,结合游憩区质量构成的基本要素,分析在环境和服务质量管理实践中存在的问题,提出了相应的改进措施和管理对策.     

庐山森林生态系统服务功能探析

在借鉴国内外森林生态系统服务功能基本分析方法的基础上,对庐山自然保护区的森林生态系统的价值进行了评估,得出庐山森林生态系统的服务总价值约为114221.26万元/a.其中,直接经济价值70855万元/a,占总价值的62.03%;生态价值为43357.26万元/a,占总价值的37.97%.此外,庐山的景观游憩价值63600万元/a,占总价值的55.68%,在庐山森林生态系统服务价值中占主要地位.因此,庐山森林生态系统服务功能的保护开发,一方面体现在森林生态功能的保护开发,另一方面要促进生态系统保护和旅游资源开发的有机结合.     

乐山市森林生态系统服务价值评估

根据林业调查统计数据和有关文献资料,利用市场价格法、影子价值法、机会成本法和费用支出法等对乐山市森林生态系统2004~2012年的实物产品价值、水源涵养功能价值、土壤保持功能价值、生物多样性保护功能价值、积累营养物质价值及森林休憩价值进行了分别评估和综合评估。按照各类生态服务功能2004~2012年总价值比例从高到低排序为土壤保持价值(56.6%)生物多样性保护价值(22.05%)水源涵养价值(14.22%)实物产品价值(4.34%)森林游憩价值(2.41%)积累营养物质价值(0.39%);2012年乐山市森林生态系统服务功能总价值达163.61亿元,比2004年增长了6.21%。     

生态产品价值实现的理论研究与实践进展

生态产品价值实现是推动“绿水青山”向“金山银山”转化的关键路径，近年来成为研究习近平生态文明思想的热点领域。本文就生态产品价值的内涵理解、实现机理、主要路径及具体实践模式，梳理了近年来国内学者的研究成果，并在此基础上总结与分析，指出存在的问题、提出相关建议。对生态产品价值的理解，目前国内学者从早期的分歧已逐步形成统一的认识，即生态产品本质上是人类从自然生态系统中直接或间接获取的物质和服务的总称，其价值来自生态系统服务价值。生态产品价值实现则是其存在价值通过各种路径被人类消费或使用，最终转化为经济收益或是民生福祉的过程。生态产品价值实现的基本路径主要包括产业发展、市场交易、金融扶持、政府调控和社会参与5种方式，国内目前的实践案例则可以归类为15种模式。但各地在实践过程中也面临生态产品识别边界不清晰、生态产品价值实现机理认识不统一、配套机制不完善以及路径模式创新与实践不够等问题，后续应加快建立生态产品调查统计与评估核算方法体系、完善自然资源产权制度、加强实践模式创新与推广应用。     

少数民族地区大城市环城游憩带旅游资源分析——以乌鲁木齐市为例

随着我国城市居民以城市周边为目的地的近距离旅游需求日益增长,环城游憩带旅游发展迅速,作为新疆特大城市的乌鲁木齐市目前也已形成环城游憩带的雏形。乌鲁木齐市地处偏远,民族众多,近300万乌鲁木齐市民的休闲与旅游需求成为重要的民生问题,其研究意义重大。采用2003年国家制定的旅游资源分类和评价标准对乌鲁木齐市环城周边旅游资源进行分类及评价分析后发现,乌鲁木齐市环城游憩带旅游资源丰富、类型齐全、优质资源数量众多、分布较为均衡,可为乌鲁木齐市环城游憩带旅游发展提供较好的资源优势。研究结果既能够促进乌鲁木齐市环城游憩带旅游业的健康、持续发展,推动乌鲁木齐市乃至新疆社会的稳定与和谐,也可为类似少数民族地区大城市发展环城游憩带提供借鉴和参考。     

城市生态休闲绿地建设研究

城市生态休闲绿地不同于城市绿地,主要包括其中的城市公园绿地和其他绿地。结合市民平时主要在居住地附近散步、节假日喜欢到郊区游憩的休闲活动特点,把生态休闲绿地分为日常短时休闲绿地和节假日长时休闲绿地。在城市生态休闲绿地建设中,应重点建设日常短时休闲绿地,配套开发节假日长时休闲绿地,完善城市公共绿地的休闲设施,增强城市公共绿地的大众性,提高专有绿地的开放性。     

景区感知形象与游憩满意度的相关性研究——以紫金山绿道骑行游憩者为例

以南京紫金山景区环山绿道的骑行游憩者为例,通过问卷调查和典型相关分析等方法对游憩者景区感知形象和游憩满意度之间的相关性进行了研究.结果表明,游憩者对景区形象的感知以游憩特色和森林形象最深刻,在游憩满意度方面对自然环境和游憩效益评价最高,景区整体形象对游憩满意度有显著的正向关系,景区形象中的骑行因素和形象因素对特定游憩体验的满意度评价分别产生正面和负面影响.在此基础上,提出了景区形象建设和绿道游憩活动发展的相关建议.     

遗产型城市游憩公园自导式解说系统规划初探

城市游憩公园是非赢利性的大众休闲场所,较少重视内部解说系统建设,使其中遗产型城市游憩公园面临文化被遗忘的境地.通过构建遗产型城市游憩公园自导式解说系统的动力模型,并在前人理论基础上,提出自导式解说系统内部要素构成分析和自导式解说系统的分类.行之有效的自导式解说系统是挽救遗产型公园的历史文化价值,内强素质,外塑形象的必要途径.     

福建：森林价超七千亿

福建省森林覆盖率63．1％,长期保持全国第一,有南方“绿色宝库”之称。福建省森林生态服务功能及其价值评估成果日前发布,结果表明,其价值超过7000亿元人民币。     

论以环境保护为价值取向的政策演变

未来十年。“自上而下行政力与制度优势＋自下而上的民众需求与倒逼压力”,将是建设美丽中国的有力保障。为此,需要在生态文明视角下,以解决损害群众健康的环境问题为目标,探索逆向战略环境评价新模式．推动环境政策超越传统的、部门性”环境保护”,将“是否有利于环境保护”作为公共政策价值取向或至少是公共政策核心价值的组成部分,实现环保从“末端”、“结点”治理转向“源头”、“各方面”和“全过程”控制。     

Forest value orientations and importance of forest recreation services

This study employs the notion of environmental value orientations as an approach to examine the relationships between forest value orientations and demand on services available in the National Forest Recreation Areas in Taiwan. Data for this investigation were collected from on-site, off-site, and online surveys (n = 1919). Statistical results suggest that the authorities should highlight the role of Taiwanese forest as public property with aesthetic, historic, and cultural values, and the use of more comprehensive dimensions of environmental value orientations is warranted when using value-related variables to address natural resource management issues. The correlation evidence of service demands of tourists with different forest value orientations indicates that the authorities should focus on maintaining and improving basic services available in the National Forest Recreation Areas.     

深圳市南山区碳平衡测算研究

运用《省级温室气体清单编制指南》、《IPCC国家温室气体清单指南》和相关文献推荐方法,利用南山区能源消费数据、工业产品量、废弃物处理量、森林面积和海洋面积等基础数据,对南山区能源利用过程、工业生产过程和产品使用、废弃物处理等3大类碳源温室气体排放量以及区域森林(包括湿地)、城市绿地和海域等3大类碳汇储存量进行了测算,计算表明南山区年碳排放总量达到756.17万t,该测算为南山区未来区域碳减排提供基础数据依据。     

Managing bog environments for recreational experiences

Bogs are of interest to outdoor recreationists, but little information exists concerning how recreation resource managers might manage these areas to enhance visitor benefits. This study evaluates bog visitor characteristics and experiences, visual preferences, and reasons for visiting. Implications for recreational resource management of bogs include the location and design of boardwalk trails and management of understory vegetation to meet the visual preferences and motives of bog visitors.     

生态补偿的价值目标：国际经验及对中国的启示

明晰生态补偿的价值目标,既是健全我国生态补偿政策体系、体现公共政策属性的关键,也是调动各方生态保护积极性、提升自然生态系统稳定性与生态产品供给能力的现实需要。本文首先评述了关于生态补偿价值目标的研究进展,认为国内对该领域的研究比较欠缺,亟须补充;其次对于国际上生态补偿的价值目标选择,从维护和提升生态系统服务功能、农民减贫脱贫、推动城乡生态公正以及提高农民生态参与意识等四个方面进行了介绍。反思国内生态补偿价值目标的问题,本文提出生态补偿机制完善与价值目标导向:①以“绿水青山就是金山银山”理念面向多元价值目标构建生态补偿机制;②通过生态补偿机制建设提升生态系统服务功能;③通过生态补偿机制接续推进全面脱贫与乡村振兴的有效衔接;④通过生态补偿机制建设促进城乡生态公正;⑤加强生态补偿政策宣传激发公民生态意识。     

Recreation conflict potential and management implications in the northern/central Black Forest Nature Park

This study explores conflict in recreational use of the Black Forest Nature Park (BFNP) by six different nature sports groups as a function of infrastructure, forest management and other users. A multi-step, methodological triangulation conflict model from US recreation management was applied and tested in the Park. Results from two groups, hikers and mountain bikers, are analysed in depth. The main conflict potentials were due to infrastructure and value conflicts. These were influenced by various visitor characteristics such as resource attachment, experiences, activity-style, expectations and motives. Results of quantitative data analysis were further interpreted by interviews with agency and group leaders. This methodological combination reveals a robust understanding of recreation conflict and management in the BFNP.     

A METHODOLOGY FOR OUTDOOR RECREATION ANALYSIS IN A STATE WATER RESOURCES PLANNING STUDY1

ABSTRACT: The paper presents a methodology for outdoor recreation analysis in a comprehensive State water resources planning study. This methodology applies to determination of recreation participation desires among the population, allocation of those desires to areas of potential resources within which they must be satisfied, comparison of the areal potential resources against the allocated desires to identify areas having recreational resource deficits or needs, and exploration of alternative solutions to the identified needs. Major elements discussed are: market area, inflow-outflow, resource desire determination and projection, resource desire allocation, facility inventory, resource desire-resource analysis and alternative solutions to identified needs of water-oriented outdoor recreation.     

Forest Value Orientations in Australia: An Application of Computer Content Analysis

This article explores the expression of three forest value orientations that emerged from an analysis of Australian news media discourse about the management of Australian native forests from August 1, 1997 through December 31, 2004. Computer-coded content analysis was used to measure and track the relative importance of commodity, ecological and moral/spiritual/aesthetic forest value orientations. The number of expressions of these forest value orientations followed major events in forest management and policy, with peaks corresponding to finalization of Regional Forest Agreements and conflicts over forest management. Over the time period analyzed, the relative share of commodity value orientation decreased and the shares of the ecological and moral/spiritual/aesthetic value orientations increased. The shifts in forest value orientations highlight the need for native forests to be managed for multiple values and the need for continued monitoring of forest values. Research carried out while employed by the Bureau of Rural Sciences, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries, Forestry, Canberra, Australia.     

Heterogeneous preferences for recreation-oriented management in commercial forests: the role of citizens’ socioeconomic characteristics and recreational profiles

The management of forests for multiple benefits, such as recreational services alongside timber production, can greatly benefit from the knowledge of public preferences for management-related forest attributes. This paper investigates citizens’ recreational use and preferences for recreation-oriented management in the case of state-owned commercial forests in Finland using data from a choice experiment study. We focus on attributes related to the typical management practices applied to enhance recreation: scenic buffer zones along waters, game bird habitats, and the quality of scenery along hiking trails. Recreational use and its frequency were found to be related to citizens’ background and specific outdoor activities. The scenic buffer zones were the most important attribute to the citizens. While the recreation-enhancing practices were generally valued, respondent segments with distinct preferences were found. Preference heterogeneity was related to citizens’ socioeconomic characteristics and recreational profiles.     

MEASURING IMPACTS OF URBAN WATER DEVELOPMENT1

ABSTRACT The role of water resources in the urban economic and social environment, particularly in the inner city, has never been established to the degree necessary for making informed decisions on investments in urban waterway and shoreline improvements. The basic tools for measuring psychological and social impacts of waterway and shoreline developments in the inner city have not been fully developed and utilized to date. However, through a detailed analysis of the water resources in the urban core area of Cleveland, it appears that deliberate development of water-based recreation and other environmental resources can lead to improvement in some of the social problems of the inner city. In recreation analysis, there is currently a great gap between methodologies that are conceptually sound and those that have been applied by urban and water-resources planning agencies. New tools and methodologies can only be used successfully when public agencies are given the institutional and policy means for using them equitably in light of social needs. Present urban-water planning practices have been found to be biased against the inner city, often unintentionally.     

A decade of recreation ratings for six silviculture treatments in Western Oregon

Managed forests are increasingly being used for recreation. As a result, foresters may be expected to tailor silvicultural treatments to accommodate specific recreation preferences. To better understand changes in hiking and camping quality in the years following a harvest, six sites on the Oregon State University's research forest were evaluated annually for 11 years. Multiple comparison and regression analyses were used to describe the data. Results show that recreation ratings generally improved over time; recreation ratings were related to but different from scenic ratings; and there were differences among recreation activities. Although several studies have previously examined recreation quality after harvest, we know of no other study that has tracked the ratings of individual harvest units through the early stages of stand regeneration.