TiO2／Ni PECO体系降解DMP的动力学和光电协同作用研究

以采用微波辅助法制备的TiO2／Ni光电极为阳极，纤维状石墨毡材料（graphite felt，GF）为阴极，饱和甘汞电极（saturated calomel electrode，SCE）为参比电极建立TiO2／Ni光电催化氧化（PECO）体系。以邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（dimethy phthalate，DMP）为目标物，研究其光电催化降解反应动力学和光电协同作用。结果显示：DMP的降解符合拟一级动力学规律；当DMP初始浓度一定时，影响DMP光电催化降解速率的因素由强到弱依次为：催化剂有效面积，紫外光强度，曝氧速率，外加偏转电压等。实验证明本体系中光电之间具有协同作用。     

臭氧-生物活性炭工艺对饮用水中邻苯二甲酸酯类的去除中试研究

以嘉陵江源水的自来水厂滤后水为研究对象,在中试规模上研究了臭氧-生物活性炭工艺对饮用水中微量邻苯二甲酸酯（又称为酞酸酯,phthalate esters,PAEs）的去除效果。选择邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（DMP）、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）、邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯（DOP）为目标物质。研...     

粘土矿物材料吸附去除水中痕量邻苯二甲酸酯

研究了天然沸石、2种有机改性沸石及Mg/Al水滑石对水中痕量邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯和邻苯二甲酸二辛酯的等温吸附情况和吸附机理,并与活性炭的吸附性能进行了比较。结果表明,Freundlich和Langmuir吸附等温方程均可以很好地描述天然沸石和Mg/Al水滑石对邻苯二甲酸酯的吸附,2种有机改性沸石对邻苯二甲酸酯的吸附更符合Linear吸附等温方程。与活性炭相比,天然沸石对邻苯二甲酸酯的吸附效果较差;2种有机改性沸石和Mg/Al水滑石对分子尺寸较小的邻苯二甲酸酯物质邻苯二甲酸二甲酯的去除率较低,分别低31.8%、31.4%和19.8%,但对分子较大的邻苯二甲酸酯物质邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯和邻苯二甲酸二辛酯的去除效果相差不大。     

多孔镁铝复合氧化物对水溶液中Cr（VI）的吸附性能

摘要以镁盐、铝盐、纯碱和烧碱为原料制备了一种多孔镁铝复合氧化物（P—Mg3.1AlO4.6），其比表面积、平均孔径和总孔容分别为206．3m2／g、8．961nm和0．4208cm3／g。研究了这种多孑L材料对水溶液中cr（VI）的吸附性能，在25～45qC时，静态吸附量为82．32～141．7mg／g；当初始浓度100mg／L、流速5mL／min、床层高度10cm和pH=6时，半穿透时间、半穿透吸附量和饱和吸附量分别为406rain、49．28ing／g和51．30Ing／g；拟合参数及误差分析表明，cr（Ⅵ）在P—M敬。AIO4.6上的静态吸附过程符合Freundlich等温方程式和伪二级动力学方程，Yoon·Nelson模型能很好地预测cr（Ⅵ）在P—Mg3.1A104.6上的动态穿透曲线。     

天津市大气PM_(10)与降尘中邻苯二甲酸酯的污染特征及相关性分析

采集天津市4个采样点的大气 PM_(10)与降尘样品,利用CH_2Cl_2和超声对样品中的邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯(BBP)、邻苯二甲酸(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)和邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)等6种邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)进行提取分离,采用气相色谱/质谱联用仪(GC/MS)定量分析。结果表明,4个采样点大气 PM_(10)样品中6种PAEs总质量浓度为2.371~24.201ng/m3,降尘样品中6种PAEs总质量浓度为222.310~1 184.503ng/g。对于6种PAEs,夏季浓度均高于冬季浓度,且DBP与DEHP是大气 PM_(10)与降尘样品中的主要污染物。6种PAEs总浓度、DBP浓度、DEHP浓度在大气 PM_(10)与降尘样品中存在相关关系,斯皮尔曼相关系数分别为0.929、0.881、0.905(双尾检验,在显著性水平0.01下)。回归分析表明,大气 PM_(10)与降尘样品中6种PAEs总浓度、DBP浓度、DEHP浓度具有一定的共变趋势。     

南京某城市污水二级处理系统中酞酸酯类的分布及去除特征

以南京某城市污水厂污水和污泥中的酞酸酯类（PAEs）为研究对象，分别采用固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用（SPE—Gc．Ms）和超声提取．气相色谱．质谱联用（USE—GC—Ms）检测其中的优先控制污染物邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（DMP）、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（DEP）、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）和邻苯二甲酸单（2-乙基己基）酯（MEHP），研究其在厌氧／好氧（A／O）污泥处理过程中的分布特征及降解规律。研究结果表明，各类PAEs在该污水厂的污水和污泥中均有检出，二级处理出水中4种酞酸酯类物质的浓度在0．151—2．419μg／L。污水中4种酞酸酯的分布规律为MEHP〉DBP〉DMP〉DEP，污泥中4种酞酸酯的分布规律为MEHP〉DBP〉DEP〉DMP。该污水厂二级处理工艺对4种PAEs的去除效果较明显，去除效率DBP〉DEP〉DMP〉MEHP．     

海河沉积物对邻苯二甲酸二甲酯吸附行为研究

邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)是一种广泛使用的化工原料,也是一种环境内分泌干扰物.研究了海河沉积物和土壤对DMP的吸附解吸作用,以及颗粒物粒径、浓度和离子浓度对DMP在颗粒物上吸附的影响.研究发现DMP在土壤上的吸附符合Langmuir等温式,在海河沉积物上的吸附符合线性等温式,单位吸附量随着颗粒物浓度的增大而减小,离子浓度的增大而增大,粒径对DMP的吸附影响不明显.用DMP将海河沉积物污染并于室温老化1个月后进行解吸实验,被吸附DMP解吸速率前20 h较快,以后逐渐达到吸附平衡,解吸量较小.     

As（V）在金红石TiO2颗粒表面吸附特性及机理

通过静态动力学和热力学吸附实验，研究了温度、共存离子以及溶质的初始浓度对As（V）在金红石TiO2颗粒表面吸附的影响，探讨了As（V）在金红石TiO2颗粒表面吸附特性及机理。结果表明，在As（V）初始浓度为10mg／L，pH为7的条件下，25℃时的吸附量0．41mg／g高于30℃时的吸附量0．31mg／g，As（V）在金红石TiO，上的吸附为放热过程。CaCl2和MgCl2的添加对As（V）在金红石TiO2表面吸附起到明显的促进作用。T=25℃，Ca2＋或Mg2＋浓度为10mmol／L时，As（V）吸附量分别为0．64和0．56mg／g，Ca2＋比Mg2＋对As（V）吸附促进作用强。As（V）在金红石TiO2的吸附等温线符合Frendlich方程，Lagergren二级动力学方程能较好地描述As（V）在金红石TiO2颗粒表面吸附的动力学过程。     

TiO2/Ni PECO体系降解DMP的动力学和光电协同作用研究

以采用微波辅助法制备的TiO₂/Ni光电极为阳极，纤维状石墨毡材料(graphite felt,GF)为阴极，饱和甘汞电极(saturated calomel electrode, SCE)为参比电极建立TiO₂/Ni 光电催化氧化（PECO）体系。以邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（dimethy phthalate,DMP）为目标物，研究其光电催化降解反应动力学和光电协同作用。结果显示：DMP的降解符合拟一级动力学规律；当DMP初始浓度一定时，影响DMP光电催化降解速率的因素由强到弱依次为：催化剂有效面积，紫外光强度，曝氧速率，外加偏转电压等。实验证明本体系中光电之间具有协同作用。     

煤泥对水溶液中Ca^2＋的吸附性能研究

在静态条件下，研究了Ca^2＋在煤泥表面的吸附动力学。考察了不同Ca^2＋初始浓度的吸附实验，并对实验结果进行了动力学方程的拟合，结果表明，煤泥对Ca^2＋的吸附过程较好地符合准二级动力学方程。研究了初始Ca^2＋浓度、溶液pH值、振荡速度和煤泥质量对Ca^2＋吸附量的影响，实验结果表明：（1）煤泥对Ca^2＋吸附量随着Ca^2＋溶液浓度的增加而增大Ca^2＋浓度大于3．828mmol／L时，吸附量基本保持不变；（2）溶液pH〈9时煤泥颗粒对Ca^2＋的吸附主要是静电吸附，pH〉9时Ca^2＋在煤泥表面主要是沉淀吸附和一羟基吸附；（3）Ca^2＋在煤泥表面吸附的最佳振荡强度为150r／min。     

环境中的邻苯二甲酸酯

本文较为系统地评述了邻苯二甲酸酯的环境行为、生态效应、环境归趋、数学模型和处理技术。指出邻苯二甲酸酯是生产量大和应用面广的人工合成有机化学品,是目前世界上全球性的一类环境有机污染物。这类化合物的低水溶度和低挥发性导致了它们的高吸附亲和性,从而使得该类化合物在固体颗粒物表面的行为对于研究它们在环境中各种过程具有十分重要的作用。     

The interactions of phthalate esters with suspended particulate material in fresh and marine waters

The behaviour of six phthalate esters in the presence of particulate material suspended in fresh and saline water has been examined. The adsorption of all phthalates by the particulates is enhanced by the presence of salt. The adsorption process is fairly rapid ( <2-3 h) and the degree of adsorption depends on the characteristics of the particulates. Di-ethylhexyl phthalate is adsorbed most actively by material of a small particle size. The adsorption of other phthalates is more strongly influenced by the chemical composition of the particulates and is most closely correlated with their lipid content.     

水环境中邻苯二甲酸酯的迁移转化研究

邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)是一类普遍使用的化学工业品,并广泛存在于环境中.已有研究表明,PAEs环境内分泌干扰物,对人类和自然环境有非常大的危害.总结了PAEs在地表水中的分布和在水体中迁移转化的主要途径,如水解、光降解、与颗粒物(沉积物或悬浮颗粒物)的作用以及生物转化作用,并指出对它们进一步研究的重要性和今后主要的研究方向.     

邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物土壤吸附系数的测定及相关性研究

研究测定了邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（ＤＭＰ）、二乙酯（ＤＥＰ）、二丙酯（ＤＰＰ）、二丁酯（ＤＢＰ）、丁基苄基酯（ＢＢＰ）和二异辛酯（ＤＥＨＰ）等６种化合物土壤吸附系数Ｋｏｃ，并研究了Ｋｏｃ与正辛醇一水分配系数Ｋｏｗ、水溶解度Ｓ之间的相关性，建立了相关方程式。     

Biodegradation of mono-alkyl phthalate esters in natural sediments

Mono-alkyl phthalate esters (MPEs) are primary metabolites of di-alkyl phthalate esters (DPEs), a family of industrial chemicals widely used in the production of soft polyvinyl chloride and a large range of other products. To better understand the long term fate of DPEs in the environment, we measured the biodegradation kinetics of eight MPEs (-ethyl, -n-butyl, -benzyl, -i-hexyl, -2-ethyl-hexyl, -n-octyl, -i-nonyl, and -i-decyl monoesters) in marine and freshwater sediments collected from three locations in the Greater Vancouver area. After a lag period in which no apparent biodegradation occurred, all MPEs tested showed degradation rates in both marine and freshwater sediments at 22 °C with half-lives ranging between 16 and 39 h. Half-lives increased approximately 8-fold in incubations performed at 5 °C. Biodegradation rates did not differ between marine and freshwater sediments. Half-lives did not show a relationship with increasing alkyl chain length. We conclude that MPEs can be quickly degraded in natural sediments and that the similarity in MPE degradation kinetics among sediment types suggests a wide occurrence of nonspecific esterases in microorganisms from various locations, as has been reported previously.     

Monitoring the sonochemical degradation of phthalate esters in water using solid-phase microextraction

The sonochemical degradation of aqueous solutions containing low concentrations of six phthalate esters at an ultrasonic frequency of 80 kHz has been investigated. Ultrasonic treatment was found capable of removing the four higher molecular mass phthalates (di-n-butyl phthalate, butylbenzyl phthalate, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and di-n-octyl phthalate) within 30-60 min of irradiation. The rest (dimethyl phthalate and diethyl phthalate) were more recalcitrant and nearly complete removal could be achieved only after prolonged irradiation times. The relative reactivity of phthalates was explained in terms of their hydrophobicity. Experiments were carried out at an overall initial phthalate concentration of 240 microg l(-1), values of electric power of 75 and 150 W, temperatures of 21 and 50 degrees C and in the presence of NaCl to study the effect of various operating conditions on degradation. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with GC-MS proved to be a powerful analytical tool to monitor the sonochemical degradation of phthalate esters at low microg l(-1) concentration levels, minimising the risk of secondary contamination during sample preparation, a major parameter to consider during phthalates analysis. The advantages as well as disadvantages of using SPME are also highlighted.     

东莞地下水邻苯二甲酸酯分布特征及来源探讨

在广东东莞地区采集了59组地下水水样和9组地表水水样,采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术进行测定,结果表明,地下水中邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)的检出率为39.0％,6种PAEs的质量浓度在未检出～6.70 μg/L.其中,邻苯二甲酸双(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)检出率最高,为22.O％,最大值为6.20 μg/L；邻苯二甲酸二...     

A study on emission of phthalate esters from plastic materials using a passive flux sampler

Phthalate esters are used as plasticizer in many plastics, and several studies have shown their toxicity. Phthalate esters are gradually emitted over time, and so it is conceivable that they pose a significant health risk. This study aims to investigate the temperature dependence of the emissions of various phthalate esters and to estimate the health risks of these emissions at various temperatures. A passive-type sampler was developed to measure the flux of phthalate esters from the surface of plastic materials. With this sampler, we examined three widely used plastic materials: synthetic leather, wallpaper and vinyl flooring. The observed maximum emissions of diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, and diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) from these materials at 20°C were 0.89, 0.77, and 14 μg m⁻² h⁻¹, respectively. Emissions at 80°C were 2.8, 4.5×10², and 1.5×10³ μg m⁻² h⁻¹, respectively. The results showed this temperature dependence is determined primarily by the type of phthalate ester and less so by the type of material. The estimation from the results of temperature dependence indicated the concentration of DEHP in a vehicle left out in the sunshine during the day can exceed the recommended levels of Japan Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare.     

环境内分泌干扰物--邻苯二甲酸酯的研究

介绍了环境内分泌干扰物的生殖毒性，综述了不同环境样品中邻苯二甲酸酯类内分泌干扰物的前处理技术和分析测试技术，并指出环境中邻苯二甲酸酯的污染状况。