西安市高新技术产业开发区向生态工业园区的转变经验

生态工业园是继经济技术开发区和高新技术开发区后的第三代工业园区,是实施循环经济的三个领域之一。本文介绍了西安市高新技术产业开发区向生态工业园区转变模式与实施步骤,并总结实践经验。     

论生态工业园区的法制建设

生态工业园区是循环经济理论应用的重要层面，但部分工业区仍处在无序的“量”的扩张上，呈现重、轻工业交叉污染的现象。生态工业园区的发展和建设需健全的政策法制保障，依赖正确的法律法规贯彻执行，以促进和保障生态工业园区的发展。     

微观视角下家庭农场高质量发展水平评价研究——基于山东省320个家庭农场的调研数据北大核心

基于山东省320个家庭农场的调研数据,采用AHP-熵权法,从土地经营权特征、人力资本投资水平、收益水平、发展的可持续性、农业技术应用水平、农业社会化服务水平6个维度对家庭农场高质量发展水平进行了综合评价。结果表明:①就综合水平而言,山东省家庭农场高质量发展水平不高,优质家庭农场占比偏低,粮食生产型家庭农场高质量发展水平较低;②从分维度看,家庭农场的农业技术应用水平和农业社会化服务水平较高,土地经营权特征和发展可持续性情况处于中等水平,农场主的人力资本投资水平和家庭农场的收益水平较低,农业技术应用水平和发展可持续性家庭农场间差距较大。因此,家庭农场特别是粮食生产型家庭农场的高质量发展水平有待进一步提升,而促进家庭农场高质量发展政策的着力点主要在于提升家庭农场主的人力资本投资水平和家庭农场收入,培育更优质的家庭农场。     

坚持绿色招商和科学发展——马鞍山经济技术开发区积极创建国家级生态开发区纪实

开发区提出,要在“十二五”期间加快创建国家级生态工业园区步伐,以此促进经济发展方式加快转变,坚定不移地走经济发展、生态良好的可持续发展之路。     

协调的可持续工业化发展模式--生态工业与生态工业园区

本文介绍了国内外生态工业与生态工业园区理论与实践的发展,并提出我国发展生态工业和建设生态工业园区的政策措施。     

基于政策工具的中国夜间经济政策研究

夜间经济的可持续发展依赖于相关政策工具的合理选择、科学设计与有效实施。采用内容分析法对我国105份夜间经济政策文本进行了单元划分、条文编码和频数统计,进而从政策工具和发展系统两个维度对我国夜间经济政策进行了深入剖析。结果发现:①我国夜间经济供给型政策工具应用不足。②我国夜间经济环境型政策工具使用过溢。③我国夜间经济需求型政策工具内部结构不均。最后,从平衡政策工具应用、科学配套系统要素、精准匹配发展机制3个方面提出建议,以期为未来我国夜间经济政策的制定与完善提供理论参考。     

关于农业生态补偿的政策思考

为推动农业生态补偿在我国的实施,从政策的角度分析了实施农业生态补偿的政策背景、农业生态补偿的政策取向,提出应当从解决我国农业和农村突出问题以及我国农业支持政策的转型2个层面来深刻理解实施农业生态补偿的政策价值,农业生态补偿应定位于对农业的生态补偿,以激励农业生产方式的转变为目标,并对具体实施生态补偿中需要重点关注的几个方面提出建议。     

工业园区绿色低碳发展国际经验及其对中国的启示

国际工业园区绿色低碳发展为我国工业园区碳中和转型提供了大量的实践经验。本文在总结卡伦堡、蔚山、川崎等国外典型生态工业园区绿色化和低碳化发展模式和路径的基础上,分析了上述工业共生体系的碳减排措施,并总结国外生态工业园区的低碳发展经验和启示。结果显示：①国外生态工业园区低碳化具有显著的三阶段特征,即历经节能增效降碳、减污降碳协同、自发式降碳等阶段,最终进入碳中和导向阶段;②政府引领成为园区绿色发展和低碳化的重要特征,且政府主动介入时间与《京都议定书》的签署时间高度吻合;③合理使用政策手段是推动绿色发展和低碳化的主要手段;④推进系统性变革是绿色发展和低碳化的战略重点。最后,本文面向我国“双碳”目标的实现,给出了推进我国工业园区碳中和的4点建议：加速制定工业园区碳中和路线图、强化低碳指标、推进示范试点,以及建立碳中和政策框架。     

秦皇岛市新能源利用发展对策研究

秦皇岛市在新能源的开发利用方面做了大量工作,但是在政策、产业和技术等方面仍需要进一步加强建设:调整新能源发展思路,制定新能源发展规划,围绕电价、税收等制定政策,并建立新能源基金,加强新能源利用技术产品的开发;做大做强新能源龙头企业,建设新能源示范工程和生态工业园区,开展技术创新,实施人才引进与培养工程,进行国际化运作。     

长江经济带城市环境可持续性政策的经济成效与适用性研究

基于文献梳理,城市环境可持续性政策的经济成效不能用单一的线性模型进行解释,可能受到政策属性和经济发展阶段的双重影响。通过对城市"十三五"规划文本进行开放性译码,实现了城市环境可持续性政策实施力度的定量化。以此为基础,建立了包含不同经济发展阶段和不同政策类型的门槛模型,定量分析了长江经济带地级及以上城市环境可持续性政策的经济成效。结果表明:不同类型的环境可持续性政策具有不同的经济成效,宜居环境政策、绿色经济政策的经济成效受到城市经济发展阶段的影响。总体上,处于经济发展初级阶段的城市应略微偏重于绿色经济政策和生态社会政策,处于经济发展高级阶段的城市应偏重于宜居环境政策和生态社会政策。     

成都市生活垃圾分类治理政策执行研究——基于史密斯的政策执行过程模型

以成都市生活垃圾分类治理政策为研究对象,以史密斯的政策执行过程模型为理论基础,从政策制定、执行机构、目标群体和政策环境四大要素出发,对成都市相关政策执行情况进行逐一分析.并结合成都市实际情况,从完善政策内容,增强政策执行机构的执行力,调动目标群体积极性和优化政策执行环境4个方面提出相应的意见和建议,以期为推动成都市生活...     

Perverse Incentive Structure and Policy Implementation Gap in China's Local Environmental Politics

The obvious paradox within China's environmental politics is the big gap between the central government's policy and its implementation outcomes at local levels. Despite concerns about implementation at the local level, much about the role of central governments in China's local environmental politics is still poorly understood. This article examines how the incentive structure set by the central authorities affects the policy implementation gap at the local level. Drawing on fieldwork and document analysis, this article argues that the incentives set by the central government regarding environmental policy implementation at local levels are perversely structured, meaning that the central government provides much more incentive for local governments' non-implementation or poor implementation of its environmental policies than it provides for full implementation. The central government's failure to encourage—politically, financially, as well as morally—local government officials to appropriately implement environmental policies can partly explain the production of the policy implementation gap at the local level. This implementation gap cannot be overcome by efforts at the local level unless the central government takes significant measures to address the perverse incentive structure embedded in the overall structure of China's local environmental politics.     

Competition,Sustainability and Packaging Policy in the UK

This paper examines the use of economic instruments in the implementation of environmental policy, based upon a recent study into the European Union Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive (94/62/EC). It explores the introduction of competitionbased models in the UK implementation of the Directive, and assesses their ability to achieve positive environmentaloutcomes in a cost-efficient manner. Several problems for the competition model are discussed, particularly the fear of profiteering within marketbased systems by some economic operators; the behaviour of economic operators towards non-profitable market segments; the ability of free-market models to engender public participation in recycling programmes; and the failure of private sector solutions to consider the full environmental costs of packaging. Neo-liberalist competitive models do not address such problems convincingly, and therefore continued government intervention is required if the UK is to meet its targets under the EU Directive. Whilst economic instruments and competition provide avenues for a more effective environmental policy, there is a continuing need for government regulation rather than unquestioning faith in the benefits of the free market.     

中国静脉产业园区发展模式与案例研究

本研究对静脉产业园区概念进行解析,梳理了我国静脉产业园的建设概况.从园区建设内容与流程、园区建设布局形式、园区投资建设主体、园区运营管理模式等4大要素研究了静脉产业因区的发展模式.最后以苏州和呼和浩特两地的静脉产业园区建设为例,介绍了综合类静脉产业园区的发展典范.     

Policy And Practice The Future Tenure of Rural Public Lands in Slovakia

The adoption of democracy and the market economy ideology in post-communist Central and Eastern Europe is encouraging changes in rural public land policy. A system of state public land is being partly dismantled, to be replaced by private ownership.This paper exploresthe present dynamics of the rural public land reprivatization process in Slovakia. In Slovakia approximately 40% of rural public land are being reprivatized. Evidence indicates that the reprivatization of public land is having a detrimental effect on the management of State Forests, National Parks and game management.The integrated, centrally planned public land system of the communist era is being fragmented by reprivatization. This paper argues that this process is creating barriers to the achievement of the sustainable management of the natural resources of rural Slovakia. Recent Governmentof Slovakia laws and policies on sustainable development and environmental management, and adherence to international environmental conventions may provide opportunities for enlightened change in the reprivatization process. A public land system in a democratic free market economy can be an effective mechanism to secure the protection and the sustainable managementof forests, farmland, game, outstanding landscapes and wildlife. This is an opportune time to debate the future of rural public land in Central and Eastern Europe in order that enlightened policy making may be fostered.     

生态工业园建设在循环经济中的战略意义—大连经济技术开发区生态工业园建设

本文对生态工业园的概念及其建设的重要作用作了介绍。以大连经济技术开发区生态工业园的建设为例,探讨了生态工业园的建设方法,并分析了生态工业园建设所带来的经济效益,从而阐明了生态工业园建设对于发展循环经济的重要战略意义。生态工业园建设是我国发展循环经济、实现经济社会可持续发展的战略选择。生态工业园建设应围绕主导产业构建生态工业产业链,实现区内资源循环利用并运用产业生态管理。     

Applying a TQM framework to the public policy process: Part I—the framework

In Part I of this article, a TQM framework is described that can be used to analyze as well as manage the public policy process. Key elements of the framework include leadership, issues analysis, goal and policy development, strategic vehicles, implementation, indicators and outcomes, and stakeholder review. The framework can be used to analyze public policy cycles, predict future issues and outcomes, and develop more sustainable approaches to manage linked economic, environmental, and societal issues. In Part II, the framework is used to examine the effectiveness of management of environmental issues in the Great Lakes region over the past three decades and to demonstrate the need for a more integrated approach to regional management.     

碳达峰政策体系建设的思路与重点任务

我国2030年前实现碳达峰面临巨大压力,需要系统研究构建碳达峰政策体系,为碳达峰提供政策动力。本文分析了我国碳达峰相关政策实施情况,探讨了碳达峰政策创新思路,提出了碳达峰政策体系建设的重点任务以及政策实施保障。以减污降碳为主线,推进低碳发展政策与生态环境保护政策的统筹融合,构建完善以碳排放总量控制为核心的,涵盖行业部门、重点区域地区、减排相关方的,多手段类型相结合的碳达峰政策体系,促进产业、能源、交通结构调整和低碳发展,有效推动重点行业和领域碳排放达峰路径与关键举措的顺利落地。从建立健全碳排放总量控制考评制度、加快构建排污许可证与碳排放管控协同制度、深化能源资源价格机制改革、全面推开碳排放权交易市场等方面提出重点政策建议。     

Lessons for PPGIS from the application of a decision-support tool in the Nova Forest Alliance of Nova Scotia, Canada

The effectiveness of a decision-support tool created to identify protected-area potential within the Nova Forest Alliance (NFA) of Nova Scotia, Canada is assessed from the perspective of a public participatory geographic information system (PPGIS) approach. The application sought to create an integrated GIS-based decision-support tool for community-focused communication and conservation assessment among NFA partners (including private woodland owners, government agencies, forest companies, and non-government organizations) and potential application within other model forests in Canada. The application illustrated that the GIS-based tool, once set up and populated with the necessary data, was able to generate effective visual alternatives to support decision making within the NFA community and elsewhere. However, from a PPGIS perspective, the application faced challenges that influenced the efficacy of its implementation: (1) limitations arose around data quality, use and sharing policies; (2) although opportunities for participation by the NFA partnership were initiated, these proved insufficient to achieve adequate engagement, buy in and support for the process and outcomes; and (3) the expert-grounded GIS-based tool requires a greater degree of expertise than may currently be present in the community. These challenges limit its ongoing use in the NFA and its potential utility in other model forests. For PPGIS-decision-support applications to be effective in the NFA and elsewhere, it is suggested that the following conditions be met: (1) implementation of geographically based data policies to allow for greater data accessibility, specifically with fewer bureaucratic and private sector barriers; (2) engagement of community partners in the initial project design, goal-setting and subsequent stages, even if this requires extensions to anticipated timelines; and (3) development of effective participatory technical systems that meet the needs of participants without being so complex as to constitute a barrier to their use.