综合护理干预对消化性溃疡患者的效果评价

目的评价综合护理干预对消化性溃疡患者临床治疗效果.方法选取南华大学附属南华医院收治的168例消化性溃疡患者作为研究对象,将患者随机分为干预组和对照组,每组84例,干预组在对照组基础上,结合心理干预、认知干预、饮食干预、用药干预、健康教育等综合护理干预措施,对照组患者仅仅给予常规治疗与护理,比较两组临床疗效的差异.结果干预组总有效率90.5%,对照组总有效率76.2%,干预组明显优于对照组,经统计学处理差异有显著性(P0.05).结论对消化性溃疡患者实施积极地心理干预等综合护理干预措施,能够提高患者对疾病的认知水平,有效提高治疗效果.     

铋膜丝网印刷电极现场快速测定工业废水中Pb2+、Cd2+

采用丝网印刷电极,通过同位镀铋膜阳极溶出伏安法对工业废水中重金属Pb2+和Cd2+进行了快速测定,考察并优化了镀铋膜及测定金属离子的实验条件.实验结果表明,Pb2+和Cd2+在铋膜电极上可得到灵敏的溶出峰,在优化的实验条件下Pb2+和Cd2+在50—500μg.L-1范围内呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数分别为0.9947、0.9969,检测限分别为4.45μg.L-1和2.98μg.L-1.测定了工业废水中的Pb2+、Cd2+,结果与ICP-MS方法一致.     

纳洛酮抢救乙醇中毒146例临床观察

研究纳洛酮抢救乙醇中毒相关性,缩短中毒时间.对146例急性单纯乙醇中毒及胰岛素组98例比较纳洛酮常规治疗的临床疗效,结果表明纳洛酮可使急性乙醇中毒患者症状迅速缓解,并明显缩短中毒症状的恢复时间,其疗效优于对照组,治疗剂量0.4~0.8 mg,纳洛酮治疗急性乙醇中毒病人在临床上安全有效.表1,参6.     

溴氰菊酯对菲律宾蛤仔体内酶活性和组织损伤的初步探索

采用不同质量浓度的溴氰菊酯(0.0070 mg·L~(-1)、0.014 mg·L~(-1)、0.020 mg·L~(-1)、0.027 mg·L~(-1))对菲律宾蛤仔进行20 d半静置染毒,测定不同时间淋巴液中乙酰胆碱酯酶(ACh E)和钠离子-钾离子-三磷酸腺苷酶(Na~+-K~+-ATPase)活性、鳃和肝脏中谷胱甘肽转硫酶(GST)活性的变化,并观察染毒20 d后鳃丝组织和消化盲囊组织的损伤情况。酶活性分析结果显示,与对照组相比,低浓度组(0.0070 mg·L~(-1))试验期间酶活性均无显著差异(P0.05);中浓度组(0.014 mg·L~(-1)、0.020 mg·L~(-1))淋巴液中ACh E和Na~+-K~+-ATPase均呈先激活后抑制的变化规律(P0.05),鳃和肝脏中GST活性均呈上升趋势(P0.05);高浓度组(0.027mg·L~(-1))淋巴液中ACh E和Na~+-K~+-ATPase、肝脏中GST活性在试验期间持续下降(P0.01),而鳃中GST活性呈先抑制后升高的趋势(P0.05)。研究表明,低中浓度的溴氰菊酯对菲律宾蛤仔体内的酶活性表现为先诱导后抑制,具有明显的时间、剂量效应;高浓度的溴氰菊酯对菲律宾蛤仔体内酶活持续抑制,且染毒浓度越高,组织细胞变异越显著,表现为鳃丝上皮细胞纤毛层萎缩、纤毛脱落,消化盲囊上皮细胞膨胀,出现包涵体样结构。     

膨润土负载纳米铁用于降解水体中阿莫西林

采用液相还原法合成膨润土负载纳米铁(B-nZVI)和纳米铁(nZVI)并用于降解水中的阿莫西林.实验结果表明,无论是单独nZVI还是B-nZVI都能有效降解阿莫西林.在25 mL浓度为20 mg.L-1的阿莫西林溶液中加入0.1 g的B-nZVI(其中nZVI的含量为0.05 g),溶液的初始pH值为6.65,摇床的振荡速率为250 r.min-1,反应温度为25℃,反应时间为120 min的条件下,B-nZVI对阿莫西林的降解效率高达93.1%,在此实验条件下,单独nZVI(0.05 g)对阿莫西林的降解效率只有82.3%,这是由于膨润土对nZVI起到分散作用,从而使B-nZVI的反应活性得到提高.降解动力学研究表明,B-nZVI对阿莫西林的降解过程符合表观一级反应动力学规律,相关系数R2均大于0.945.B-nZVI可多次重复用于降解阿莫西林.     

青海湖樊氏盐单胞菌QHL5四氢嘧啶合成影响因素分析

以青海湖野生菌株Halomonas ventosae QHL5为材料,初步探讨了多种因素对胞内相容溶质四氢嘧啶(Ectoine)合成的影响.通过设置OSM培养基(Oesterhelt-Stoeckenius medium)的不同单因素诱导条件(Na+、K+、Mg2+、p H和温度等),培养QHL5菌株,并采用80%乙醇抽提QHL5胞内四氢嘧啶,进行高效液相色谱(HPLC)定量检测.结果表明,QHL5胞内四氢嘧啶积聚的最佳单因素培养条件为Na+浓度为1.5 mol·L-1,K+浓度为0.75 mol·L-1,Mg2+浓度为0.2 mol·L-1,p H 8.0和35℃.在优化条件下,QHL5积聚的四氢嘧啶最大浓度为379.6±8.26 mg·L-1,达到167.1±3.64 mg·g-1细胞干重.QHL5胞内的四氢嘧啶合成受到Na+的渗透刺激作用,生物量却受到高浓度Na+的抑制,低浓度Mg2+(0.1—0.6 mol·L-1)和中浓度的K+(0.5—1.2 mol·L-1)对四氢嘧啶的生物合成具有重要的渗透刺激作用.与已报道的四氢嘧啶合成菌株相比,QHL5能合成单一的、高浓度的四氢嘧啶,具备潜在的商业制备和应用开发价值.     

水产养殖水、沉积物中抗生素检测方法优化及残留特征研究

抗生素作为疾病预防和促进生长的药物被广泛用于水产养殖业中,不可避免地造成了周围环境抗生素的残留,从而带来各种潜在风险。为了对水产养殖水和沉积物中的抗生素残留特征进行研究,建立了环境样品中抗生素的富集方法。对沉积物中抗生素的提取溶剂、HLB小柱活化溶剂和洗脱溶剂进行了筛选,利用高效液相色谱串联质谱仪对15种抗生素进行检测分析,并检测了上海市某水产养殖区7个养殖塘2018年9、12月抗生素的残留水平。结果表明,选用乙腈/磷酸盐缓冲溶液(V∶V=1∶1)作为提取溶剂,依此用甲基叔丁基醚、甲醇和超纯水作为活化溶剂,甲醇作为洗脱溶剂时目标抗生素的回收率最高;在养殖塘水体中共检测出10种抗生素,检出浓度中间值依次为:磺胺类>甲氧苄啶>阿莫西林>氟喹诺酮类>喹乙醇>四环素类和呋喃唑酮。养殖塘沉积物中共检测出13种抗生素,检出浓度中间值依次为:氟喹诺酮类>四环素类>磺胺类>甲氧苄啶>喹乙醇>阿莫西林和呋喃唑酮;不同品种的养殖塘中抗生素的检出种类均不相同,其中青鱼塘和白水鱼塘10种、虾塘9种、扣蟹塘仅5种。对比抗生素检出浓度发现:氟喹诺酮类抗生素在鱼类养殖塘中检出浓度最高,磺胺甲恶唑仅在蟹塘检出,喹乙醇在虾塘检出浓度达3 612.85 ng·L~(-1)。9月与12月抗生素的残留水平也存在差异,抗生素在9月的平均含量比12月高。     

单壁碳纳米管对斑马鱼生理生化特性的影响

采用半静水式慢性试验方法研究了单壁碳纳米管(SWCNTs)对斑马鱼生理生化特性的影响.将斑马鱼分别置于0、0.1、1、10 mg·L-1 SWCNTs悬浊液中暴露28 d,测定斑马鱼的脑、鳃和肝组织中谷胱甘肽(GSH)、丙二醛(MDA)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、钠-钾-腺苷三磷酸酶(Na+-K+-ATPase)活性,并考察SWCNTs纯度及分散剂(十二烷基硫酸钠,SDS)对SWCNTs生物毒性的影响.结果表明,所用SWCNTs分散方法及纯度并不是影响其生物毒性的主要因素,SWCNTs对斑马鱼各组织中GSH含量及SOD活性无显著影响,但能导致肝、鳃、脑组织中Na+-K+-ATPase活性显著增加,MDA含量明显下降.由此可见,SWCNTs悬浊液可能会刺激斑马鱼加强对氧自由基的清除,但未发现其他明显的毒性作用.     

不同用量钾硅钙微孔矿物肥对水稻生长及产量的影响

通过田间试验研究自主研制的钾硅钙微孔矿物肥在水稻上的应用效果,选择黑龙江虎林、内蒙古赤峰、山东济宁、贵州凤岗和广东增城5个试验点,设置不施肥、常规施肥、常规施肥+钾硅钙微孔矿物肥450 kg·hm-2、常规施肥+钾硅钙微孔矿物肥900 kg·hm-2、常规施肥+钾硅钙微孔矿物肥1 350 kg·hm-2 5个处理,结果表明,与当地常规施肥相比,加施钾硅钙微孔矿物肥能够增加水稻产量,平均增产幅度达到7.6%,增收为68～3 120元·hm-2.基于产量和效益的分析,以450 kg·hm-2钾硅钙微孔矿物肥为最佳经济施用量.     

超声强化铋掺杂氧化铟降解偶氮染料废水

本实验利用溶剂热法合成了铋掺杂氧化铟催化剂,利用XRD、EDS和SEM对催化剂的结构和形貌进行了表征.研究表明,铋离子已经掺杂进氧化铟的晶格中.掺杂后的催化剂粒径为纳米级,且具有良好的球形形貌.本文以偶氮染料直接大红废水为目标降解物,分别考察了不同催化剂对该染料废水的降解性能以及铋掺杂氧化铟催化剂的投加量、染料的浓度、溶液的p H、超声频率和超声功率对该染料的降解性能.在本实验条件下,催化剂投加量为7.5 mg、染料浓度为10 mg·L~(-1)、pH值为6、超声频率为45 kHz、功率为100 W时,对染料废水的去除效果最优,总去除率可达83.7%,比空白实验的去除率提高将近5倍.     

广州及周边地区森林土壤As、Se、Hg质量分数特征及污染评价

研究了广州及周边地区5处代表性森林土壤（鼎湖山、西樵山、华南植物园、黄埔和南昆山）As、Se、Hg质量分数特征及污染状况。结果表明,上述5地森林表层土壤As质量分数平均值分别为18.6、18.0、12.2、11.4、26.1 mg.kg-1,Se质量分数平均值分别为0.360、0.729、0.286、0.421、0.434 mg.kg-1,Hg质量分数平均值分别为0.201、0.270、0.139、0.224、0.087 mg.kg-1。除植物园土壤Se质量分数、南昆山土壤Hg质量分数较接近背景值外,5林地As、Se、Hg质量分数均超过背景值,可能存在外源As、Se、Hg输入。其中,南昆山As输入,西樵山Se、Hg输入,黄埔、鼎湖山Hg输入较明显。单因子污染指数分析结果表明在南昆山As为最严重的污染物,而在鼎湖山、植物园、西樵山和黄埔Hg为最严重的污染物。综合污染指数分析结果表明5林地土壤均受到不同程度的污染,其中西樵山土壤属重度污染,南昆山、黄埔、鼎湖山属中度污染,植物园污染较轻,属轻度污染。     

Dechlorination of 2,2＇,4,4＇,5,5＇-hexachlorobiphenyl by thermal reaction with activated carbon-supported copper or zinc

Activated carbon （AC）-supported copper or zinc made from ion exchange resin （IRCu-C and IRZn-C） have an increased metal load of 557.3 mg·g^-1 and 502.8 mg·g^-1 compared to those prepared by the traditional method involving impregnation with AC and copper （II） citrate or zinc citrate solution （LaCu-C and LaZn-C） of 12.9 mg·g^-1 and 46.0 mg·g^-1 respectively. When applied to decompose 2,2＇,4,4＇,5,5＇-hexachlorobiphenyl at 250 ℃, IRCu-C achieved higher activity of 99.0% decomposition efficiency than LaCu-C of 84.7%, IRZn-C of 90.5% and LaZn-C of 62.7%. When the reaction temperature rose to 350 ℃, all the four kinds of reactants can decompose PCB- 153 with efficiency above 90%. Further, X-ray photoelec- tron spectroscopy characterization of IRCu-C before and after the reaction indicated transformation of 19.1% of Cu atoms into Cu^2＋, illustrating that Cu is the active ingredient or electron donor promoting the decomposition of PCB- 153. The mechanism underlying this process differs from a traditional H donor. However, there is no significant change on the surface of IRZn-C before and after the reaction, suggesting that Zn acts as catalyst during the process of PCB-153 decomposition.     

Removal of Zn2+ from aqueous solution by biomass of Agaricus bisporus

Biosorption of Zn²⁺ from aqueous solutions by biomass of Agaricus bisporus was investigated. The removal rates of Zn²⁺ by A. bisporus under different parameters (e.g., solution pH, bio-sorbent dosage and initial Zn²⁺ concentration) were studied. The inhibition of A. bisporus’s biosorption by anionic ligands EDTA (Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid), acetate and citrate) implied that EDTA and citrate might be used as eluting reagents. Regular and simultaneous solution pH change and light metal ions release after biosorption indicated that an ion exchange mechanism was involved. From FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared) spectroscopy, the main functional groups participated in biosorption were found. Biosorption of Zn²⁺ by A. bisporus could be well described by the Freundlich and Langmuir models. In conclusion, the biomass of A. bisporus showed high potential for the treatment of wastewater containing Zn²⁺.     

Effects of Cr(III) organic compounds on Lactobacillus plantarum

Biotransformation of Cr(VI) to less toxic Cr(III) has been known to produce insoluble Cr(III) compounds and soluble Cr(III) organic complexes. However, recent research reports have indicated that Cr(III) organic complexes are relatively stable in the environment. Little has been reported on the fate and toxic effects of Cr(III) organic compounds on organisms. In this study, the toxic effects of the soluble Cr(III) organic complexes [Cr(III) citrate, Cr(III) histidine, Cr(III) lactate and Cr(III) glutamate] to a local strain of Lactobacillus plantarum isolated from sauerkraut was investigated. Growth inhibition, viable cell count and lactic acid inhibition were measured to determine the toxicity potential of the test compounds. The EC₅₀ values of Cr(III) citrate, Cr(III) histidine, Cr(III) lactate, and Cr(III) glutamate, calculated from the percent growth inhibition were found to be 56 mg L^?1, 70 mg L^?1, 81 mg L^?1, and 85 mg L^?1, respectively. Similar trend was observed in the viable cell counts and lactic acid production. Cr(VI) was observed to be more toxic than the Cr(III) organic compounds, while inorganic Cr(III) was the least toxic. The severity seemed to increase with increase in chromium compounds’ concentration. The results showed that Cr(III) citrate was the most toxic Cr(III) organic compound, while Cr(III) glutamate was the least.     

Toxicity and accumulation of lead and chromium in Hydrocotyle umbellata

The aquatic plant, Hydrocotyle umbellata, was studied for its toxicity and accumulation of lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr) in a synthetic solution. Plants were cultured in a modified Hoagland's nutrient solutions supplemented with 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mg Pb/l as lead nitrate [Pb(NO3)2] and 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mg Cr/l as potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7). They were separately harvested after 3, 6, 9, and 12 days. Plants exposed to Pb and Cr showed significant decreases in the biomass productivity and total chlorophyll content when the exposure time and metal concentration were increased. The accumulation of Pb and Cr in the plants was significantly increased, but it was not linear with the exposure time and metal concentration. Both metals were accumulated higher in the roots than in the shoots. The bioconcentration factor of Pb was higher than that of Cr at the same exposure time, indicating a higher accumulation potential of Pb than Cr in H. umbellata. Toxicity symptoms of both metals showed a reduction in the production of new plantlets, withering of petioles, and change in color of roots from light green to dark brown. Pb caused leaf chlorosis, whereas Cr caused leaf necrosis. The toxicity symptoms increased when the exposure time and metal concentration were increased.     

水分和氮素供应对菠菜硝酸盐累积和钾素吸收的影响

研究了水分和氮素供应对露地秋菠菜的硝酸盐累积和钾、氮吸收的影响。结果表明：与传统的水氮管理措施相比，采用水分平衡法和氮素专家系统进行的水氮供应并没有造成作物减产，但对钾、氮元素的吸收却有明显的影响，同氮素吸收相比，作物对钾素的吸收数量更高；并且作物对钾、氮的吸收比例随氮素供应水平的增加而降低，试验还动态监测了菠菜最新展开叶的叶柄汁液中的硝酸盐和K^ 浓度在一天内的变化情况。结果表明，不同水氮处理的菠菜叶柄汁液的硝酸盐浓度在白天均没有发生显著变化；叶柄汁液中的K^ 浓度和NO3^-／K^ 的浓度比在白天受氮素供应水平的影响很大，供氮量高，K^ 浓度和NO3^-／K^ 浓度比的变化也大，但受灌水量影响不大。图3表2参17。     

Removal of bisphenol a in soil by cyclodextrin derivatives

The apparent aqueous solubility of the endocrine disruptor in hydroxypropyl‐cyclodextrin (HP‐CD) solutions was investigated for evaluating the remediation of soil contamination and ground water pollution. The apparent solubility of bisphenol A (BPA) in water was significantly increased in HP‐CD solutions. The solubilization effect of HP‐CD's is caused by the formation of inclusion complexes of BPA and cyclodextrin. The relative aqueous‐phase concentration of BPA linearly increased with increasing HP‐CD concentration. The solubility of BPA increased in the order of the addition of HP‐a‐CD, HP‐7‐CD, and HP‐ß‐CD. However, it did not depend upon the degree of hydroxypropylation substitution. It is concluded that HP‐CD may be utilized for the remediation of soil contamination.     

卡马西平片致严重药疹2例

2例男性患者（年龄35、33岁）,分别因面神经性麻木、睡眠型癫痫给予卡马西平片对症治疗,服药后均出现了严重药疹.例1服药后出现口腔大面积溃疡伴脓血分泌物,眼结膜稍红,无渗出,躯干及四肢可见多形性红色斑疹;例2服药后出现面颈部及躯干四肢弥漫的紫红色斑疹,面颈部有不规则松弛性水疱,表皮松弛,眼角、口唇、口腔糜烂,伴有肝功能、胰腺受损.均予以停用卡马西平片,予甲强龙、左西替利嗪抗过敏等对症治疗后药疹症状好转.参5.