建立具有高职特色的计算机应用教学体系

高职教育人才培养模式和教学目标的独特性要求建立起具有高职特色的计算机应用教学体系.高职计算机应用教学应使学生掌握适度的基础理论,获取一定的综合应用能力和有效的学习方法;教学内容应适应社会发展需要,尊重学生,突出实用性和针对性,重视实践能力的培养,部分教学内容可以安排在学生深入企事业单位实践过程中实施,锻炼学生的实际操作能力.     

关于高职数学教育的一些思考

高职数学教育，无论是教材编写还是教学方法的实施都应有针对性．教材的编写要注意与中学的知识相联系，内容应增加实验课．在教学中要培养学生的数学意识和数学思维，激发学生的兴趣，采用非形式化教学。     

当前影响高职思想政治理论课教学的原因与对策

从教学对象、教学理念、社会影响、教师素质等方面,论述了当前影响高职院校思想政治理论课教学的主要原因,提出应该改革教学模式,重视互动式、案例教学、实践教学,改革考评制度,重视能力培养,调动学生的积极性.     

对高等数学教学改革的一点探讨

近些年来,随着各门学科知识间的相互渗透,自身加速更新的形势以及全面提高人才素质的需要,数学的作用日益重要,各种数学工具在各种实际研究中的运用也使得应用数学的观点越来越得到重视.从应用数学的使用日益广泛和深入这一现实情况出发,探讨高等学校非数学专业的数学教学改革的方向.     

当前就业形势下环境工程专业实践教学改革初探

环境工程专业的特色强调实践教学在人才培养中的地位和作用.为了给社会培养和输送具有较强实践能力的新型人才,通过对该专业就业现状的调查,分析了当前就业形势以及今后的需求趋势,然后结合笔者多年的教学实践,探讨环境工程专业实践教学改革之路.     

高职《Photoshop图形图像处理》课程教学方法探讨

通过笔者任教以来的教学实践,摒弃了传统的教学方法,提出了如何使用案例教学法和任务驱动法来培养学生实践能力和创新能力,并通过改善合理的教学考核办法,达到教学目的.参4.     

地理教学的创新素质教育

根据多年的教学实践，从教材改革，教学安排及教学经验等方面，论述了如何在地理教学中培养学生的创新意识和实践能力，探索了地理课堂教学中的素质教育．     

任务驱动教学法在高职《Asp动态网页设计》课程教学中的应用

从提出任务-分析任务-学生实践-课程设计-总结评价5个环节论述了任务驱动教学法在《Asp动态网页设计》课程教学中的应用.通过一年来的实践,该方式在学生实际应用能力的提高,工程意识的培养及学生获取知识、应用知识和创新知识的能力培养等方面取得了较好的教学效果.     

浅谈数学教学中的语言艺术

语言是教学思想的直接体现,是教师最广泛、最基本的信息载体,数学教学过程即数学知识的传递过程.在整个过程中,数学理论知识的传授、学生接受知识情况的反馈、师生之间的情感交流等等都有必须依靠数学语言.从五个方面谈数学中的语言艺术要求、特点,引经据典、生动而有趣,希望读者能从中受到一点点启发.     

浅谈中职信息技术课程如何实施素质教育

该文从教学手段、师资建设、课程结构、教学内容、教学方法等方面阐述了中职信息技术课程如何实施素质教育,提出要把培养学生自主意识、学习的兴趣和计算机应用能力放在信息技术课程教学的首位,优化师生双边关系,强化实践能力的培养.     

固氮菌与氮配施对生菜及油菜产量和品质的影响

采用盆栽试验研究了固氮菌(M)与氮(N)配施对生菜、油菜产量和品质的影响.结果表明:施加固氮菌(M2)后,生菜、油菜的鲜重和干重较之不加固氮菌(M1)有显著增加趋势,生菜、油菜的Vc含量分别提高4.2%~18.6%、17.6%~35.0%,还原糖含量分别提高17.6%~35.0%、6.7%~41.3%,硝酸盐含量分别降低40.5%~57.2%、22.8%~40.8%.在所有处理中,处理M2N3的两种蔬菜产量最高,品质最好.研究可为固氮菌肥的合理有效施用、氮肥的优化配比及叶菜类蔬菜高产优质的生物调控提供理论依据.图1表3参13     

乡镇企业可持续发展与小城镇建设

通过对乡镇企业的经济效益、环境效益和社会效益以及小城镇发展的优越性分析可知，乡镇企业不宜在农村发展，应该在小城镇中发展。     

Characteristics of dispersions and water-soluble extracts of crude and refined oils and their toxicity to estuarine crustaceans and fish

The quantitative hydrocarbon composition and behavior in seawater of water-soluble fractions (WSF) and oil-in-water dispersions (OWD) of 4 oils was investigated. Two crude oils, South Louisiana crude and Kuwait crude, and two refined oils, No. 2 fuel oil and bunker C residual oil, were used in these investigations. The WSFs of the crude oils had higher total oil-hydrocarbon concentrations and were richer in light aliphatics and single-ring aromatics than were the WSFs of the refined oils. The WSFs of the refined oils contained significantly higher concentrations of naphthalenes than did those of the crudes. The hydrocarbon composition of the aqueous phase of OWDs closely resembled that of the parent oils. Gentle aeration of the OWDs resulted in a loss of 80 to 90% of the aqueous hydrocarbons in 24 h. Alkanes disappeared from the dispersions more rapidly than aromatics. The WSFs and OWDs of the refined oils were considerably more toxic to the 6 test species than were those of the crude oils. The test species can be ranked according to increasing sensitivity to oil as follows: Cyprinodon variegatus, Menidia beryllina, Fundulus similus, Penaeus aztecus postlarvae, Palaemonetes pugio and Mysidopsis almyra. The results of this investigation are discussed in relation to the potential impacts of oil spills on the marine and estuarine environments.     

恩诺沙星与Cu复合污染对白菜和西红柿根及芽伸长的抑制作用

抗生素恩诺沙星和重金属Cu是当今我国土壤中较常见的污染物。本研究考察了恩诺沙星与Cu复合污染对砖红壤中白菜和西红柿种子的根及芽伸长的影响,以评估恩诺沙星和Cu复合污染潜在的生态风险。结果表明,加入不同浓度的Cu时,土壤中的恩诺沙星浓度与2种作物的根伸长和芽伸长的抑制率均显著相关(P0.05);白菜的敏感性均大于西红柿;白菜和西红柿的根伸长对复合污染的生态毒性的敏感性均较芽伸长更高;与单一恩诺沙星胁迫相比,在恩诺沙星与Cu(100 mg·kg~(-1))或Cu(300 mg·kg~(-1))复合污染下,二者对白菜和西红柿的根及芽伸长抑制效应均表现为协同作用。试验结果在揭示恩诺沙星与Cu复合污染的生态毒性效应的同时,也为重金属和抗生素复合污染的生态风险评价提供科学依据。     

投喂频率和饵料种类对黄颡鱼仔稚鱼生长和存活的影响

研究了以浮游动物为饵料日饱食投喂3次(F3)、2次(F2)、1次(F1)等不同投喂频率对3～32日龄黄颡鱼仔稚鱼生长和存活的影响,并比较了单独投喂浮游动物(Ⅰ组)、水蚯蚓(Ⅱ组)及两者混合投喂(Ⅲ组)对4～34日龄黄颡鱼生长和存活的影响.结果表明:(1)投喂频率对黄颡鱼仔稚鱼生长具有显著影响,F3组个体平均全长、体重显著高于F2、F1组;3～29日龄全长和体重特定生长率(SGR)与投喂频率间直线正相关(SGR1=1.0366D+3.2347,R2=0.9025;SGRW=3.00t3D+9.4829,R2=0.8833),投喂越多则生长越快.(2)17-25日龄时Ⅱ组生长显著低于Ⅰ、Ⅲ组;28日龄Ⅱ组生长仍显著低于Ⅲ组,但与Ⅰ组问没有显著差异;到34日龄,Ⅲ组生长最快,Ⅱ组生长超过Ⅰ组,3组间生长差异显著(P<0.05),表明28日龄后水蚯蚓为黄颡鱼更合适的饵料.(3)饵料种类对34日龄内的仔稚鱼成活率没有影响.试验表明,日饱食3次更有利于黄颡鱼仔稚鱼的生长;28日龄后投喂饵料应增加水蚯蚓;充足的适口饵料是影响黄颡鱼苗种生长的重要因素.图2表2参18     

Individual and combined effect of mercury and manganese on phenol and proline content in leaf and stem of mungbean seedlings

Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczelk cv. Pusa Baisakhi seedlings were raised in individual (0, 1, 10, 100 and 1000 ppm) and combined solutions (1 : 1, 10: 1, 1: 0 ppm Hg : Mn) of mercury and manganese for 6 days. Phenol and proline were found to accumulate in leaves in response to treatment with heavy metals. The magnitude of accumulation correlated with concentration of metals. However, a reverse trend was noticed in stem for phenol. Accumulation of phenol in response to heavy metal treatment was organ specific and occurred at higher rate in plant parts, which faced the stress mostly. However, accumulation of proline helped the plant to survive stress situation. In combined solutions, amelioration of mercurial toxicity by manganese was recorded.     

磷酸盐和石灰对污染红壤与黄泥土中重金属铜锌的钝化作用

采用外源加入重金属铜锌硝酸盐的方法,制成铜、锌单一及复合的三级污染红壤和黄泥土(Cu 200 mg·kg-1、Zn 400 mg·kg-1),平衡2个月;分别施入磷酸盐、石灰,稳定4个月后测定土壤中有效态铜、锌的含量,以阐明磷酸盐和石灰对重金属污染土壤中铜锌的钝化作用.结果表明,施入磷酸盐稳定120 d后,两种土壤中有效锌含量都显著降低,红壤中有效铜含量降低了8.3.6%,而黄泥土中有效铜含量变化不明显;施入石灰后,红壤中铜锌有效性含量降低了87.6?.3%,黄泥土中有效锌含量降低了90%,而有效铜含量最大降低幅度为47.4%.由此可见,磷酸盐对红壤中铜锌的钝化作用较强,对黄泥土中铜的钝化作用弱;石灰对两种土壤中铜锌的钝化作用都很强;磷酸盐和石灰对单一污染土壤铜锌的钝化固定作用要强于复合污染.     

费氏中华根瘤菌ntrBC基因突变株的构建及其特性

从费氏中华根瘤菌(Sinorhizobium fredii)HN01基因文库的重组质粒pGXHN300上获得ntrB、ntrC基因完整序列.通过自杀质粒pK18mob同源单交换的方法,分别获得了HN01菌株的ntrB和ntrC基因的突变株GXHNB、GXHNC.功能检测证明GXHNB、GXHNC能以硝酸盐为唯一氮源进行正常生长,但不能以铵源作为唯一氮源进行正常生长.图4表2参15     

Plasmatic resistance and rate of respiration and photosynthesis of Zostera marina at different salinities and temperatures

Zostera marina L. was studied at the Izembek Lagoon, Alaska Peninsula. Two morphologically different forms, tidepool and subtidal, can be distinguished. Both show a high tolerance to different salinities and temperatures. The plasmatic resistance was found in a range of distilled H₂O up to 3.0 seawater (24 h) and between-6° and 34°C (12 h). Within these resistance limits, the photosynthesis, which has its maximum in normal (1.0) seawater, decreases nearly to zero not only in distilled H₂O but even in 2.0 seawater, and increases with the temperature in the tidepool form up to 35°C, but in the subtidal form up to 30°C only. At higher temperatures photosynthesis declines sharply in both forms. Respiration has its minimum in distilled H₂O and at 0°C and increases with increasing salinity and temperature.Dedicated to Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. mult. K. Mothes, Halle, Germany (DDR) on the occasion of his 70th birthday.     

Bacterial degradation of monocrotophos and phyto- and cyto-toxicological evaluation of metabolites

The bacterium Serratia marsescens strain JAS16 was isolated from agricultural soil which had prior exposure to monocrotophos for three years. The strain JAS16 tolerated up to 1200 mg L^–1 monocrotophos and degraded the insecticide (1000 mg L^–1) at a degradation rate constant of 136 d^?1 (DT₅₀ = 3.7 d). In soil, the degradation rate constant was 105 d^?1 (DT₅₀ = 4.8 d). A schematic pathway is being proposed from the degraded products derived from gas chromatography--mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The phytotoxicity of degradation products to Vigna radiata, Vigna unguiculata, and Macrotyloma uniflorum and the genotoxicity to Allium cepa roots were found to be low. A cost-effective powder-based formulation was achieved with the isolate. The isolate remained viable during the storage and also multiplied with a higher colony forming units (CFU) load g^–1 for over a period of seven weeks of storage.