大庆市雾霾形成原因分析及其生态城市建设对策

以大庆市为研究对象,分析了2014—2016年大庆市环境空气质量特征及雾霾成因,并提出了生态城市建设对策。结果表明:2014—2016年大庆市SO2、NO2年均质量浓度均达到环境空气质量标准一级浓度限值,PM2.5浓度超过二级浓度限值3.8%~26.0%,2016年大庆市环境空气质量达标天数和重污染天数分别占全年的89.9%和1.9%。产业和能源结构不合理、大气氧化性强、外来源传输贡献等是造成大庆市雾霾的主要原因,因此建议从工业行业搬迁、推进节能技术进步等方面建设大庆生态城市。     

昌吉市空气质量现状及影响因素分析

2015年入冬以来,昌吉市及周边地区持续出现雾霾天气,引发公众担忧,针对这一情况,本文通过昌吉市2014-2015年的空气质量监测数据,分析昌吉市环境空气质量现状及变化情况,从污染源及气象条件两方面入手分析空气质量的影响因素,给出相应的对策建议,为改善环境空气质量、有效控制污染提供参考。     

乌鲁木齐黑碳气溶胶浓度时间变化特征及影响因素分析

利用乌鲁木齐市环境空气超级站中MAAP-5012型黑碳仪对乌鲁木齐市黑碳气溶胶进行连续一年的监测,并结合乌鲁木齐环境空气质量城市站小时数据和日数据及气象数据对黑碳气溶胶变化情况进行综合分析.结果 表明:2019年6月至2020年5月乌鲁木齐黑碳气溶胶浓度日均值为1 506(±1 096) ng/m3,本底值为575 n...     

将大气污染减排作为重中之重

今年年初,我国中东部地区深受雾霾天气困扰,诸多城市大部分时间笼罩在雾霾之中。为迎击雾霾、重现蓝天,持续稳定改善环境空气质量,各省(市、区)相继提出大气污染防治对策。     

修订《环境空气质量标准》对四川省城市环境空气质量评价结果的影响

根据"十一五"期间和2011年四川省省控城市环境空气质量监测数据,在比较新、旧环境空气质量标准不同的基础上,本文分析了修订后的《环境空气质量标准》对四川省城市环境空气质量评价结果的影响。     

西宁市环境空气质量评价新旧标准比较研究

根据2012年西宁市环境空气质量监测数据,在新、旧环境空气质量标准不同的基础上,文章分析了修订后的《环境空气质量标准》(GB3095-2012)对西宁市环境空气质量评价结果的影响。     

《环境空气监测技术规范》即将实施

国家环保总局颁布的《环境空气监测技术规范》将于2006年1月1日起执行。作为我国环境空气监测的技术法规文件，该规范将环境空气监测技术规范上升为国家标准，对环境空气监测系统的规划、建设、运行做了系统的规定，能满足我国现阶段对环境空气监测的管理要求，具有可操作性。该规范适用于国家和地方各级环境监测部门为确定环境空气质量状况、防治空气污染所进行的常规例行环境空气质量监测活动。     

沈阳市铁西区环境空气质量变化与分析

以沈阳市铁西区为研究区域,以环境空气污染物浓度为研究对象,对2012年沈阳市铁西区环境空气质量进行评价,并与2011年环境空气质量进行了对比分析,在此基础上研究了采暖期与非采暖期、不同季节不同月份间环境空气质量的变化规律。结果表明,2012年铁西区环境空气中SO_2,NO_2年均值浓度较2011年分别上升32.2%,18.4%,PM_(10)浓度同比下降18.3%;铁西区环境空气污染物浓度变化有明显季节性,且非采暖期空气质量优于采暖期。     

环境空气质量新标准发布

为落实国务院领导的指示精神,尽快出台新标准,满足人民群众了解环境空气质量的需求,2012年2月29日,环境保护部和国家质检总局联合发布了《环境空气质量标准》（GB3095-2012）。     

自然因素对环境空气质量的影响——以新疆昌吉市为例

本文以昌吉市为例,研究并分析了温度、风、气压三种自然因素对环境空气质量的影响.结果表明,影响环境空气质量的因素非常复杂,污染天气的形成与不利的自然气象因素密切相关.     

浅谈乌苏市环境空气质量变化趋势及因素分析

对乌苏市2007-2011年的大气环境质量监测数据进行统计分析,对其各类污染物的时间变化进行分析评价,结果表明：乌苏市空气质量良好,各类污染物浓度表现出采暖期高于非采暖期,属于比较典型的煤烟尘污染。虽然采取了集中供暖措施,但迅速的工业化对环境空气质量具有潜在威胁。     

Measuring neighbourhood air pollution: the case of Seattle's international district

Current US regulatory air quality monitoring networks measure ambient levels of pollutants and cannot capture the effects of mobile sources at the micro-scale. Despite the fact that overall air quality has been getting better, more vulnerable populations (children, the elderly, minorities and the poor) continue to suffer from traffic-related air pollution. As development intensifies in urban areas, more people are exposed to road-related air pollution. However, the only consideration given to air quality, if any, is based on ambient measures. This paper uses an inexpensive, portable Particle Soot Absorption Photometer (PSAP) to measure Black Carbon (BC) emissions, a surrogate for diesel fuels emissions, in Seattle's International District. With the aid of a GPS receiver, street-level BC data were geocoded in real space-time. It was found that pollution levels differed substantially across the study area. The results show the need for street-level air pollution monitoring, revisions in current land use and transportation policies, and air quality planning practice.     

Passive monitoring of nitrogen dioxide in urban air: a case study of Durban metropolis, South Africa

To devise and implement strategies to manage the quality of urban air, a metropolis needs air pollution data on which an air quality management plan can be formulated. Although air pollutants can come from several sources, many reports suggest that nitrogen dioxide from motor vehicle emissions is the major contributor to air pollution in cities. Since vehicles stop or move slowly through traffic intersections, concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) are expected to be relatively high at these sites. Inexpensive Ogawa passive samplers were placed at selected traffic intersections in the Durban Metropolis to trap the NO(2) which was then analysed by a sensitive laboratory-based method. The data obtained by this method was compared with data from sophisticated system comprising an active sampler cum on-line chemiluminescence detector. The sampling was done over a twelve month period to cover all seasons. Statistical analysis of the data showed that there was no significant difference between the means for the two methods. This study has established that an Ogawa passive sampler may be used as an economical and reliable collector for NO(2) in ambient air under varying climatic conditions. Further, the analysis method using a UV-Visible spectrophotometer was sensitive enough to detect NO(2) at the 10-20 ppb level. The cost of the method should be well within the budgets of most municipalities and it would motivate them to develop policies to alleviate traffic congestion.     

张掖市城区采暖期环境空气中污染物分布特征分析

以张掖市甘州区城区采暖期2008—2012年5年环境空气质量数据为主,对采暖期污染物变化状况及污染物分布情况进行分析。张掖市冬季采暖主要以燃煤为主,能源结构不合理、锅炉污染严重、工业企业结构不合理以及交通污染等原因,使得冬季采暖期间张掖市甘州区城区环境空气中主要污染物为二氧化硫、可吸入颗粒物、二氧化氮,采暖期间污染物浓度随时问呈正态分布特征。结合污染特点,提出调整能源结构、利用清洁能源、加大监管力度等建议,以期改善张掖市采暖期的环境空气质量。     

山东省辖城市空气自动监测网运行监控及信息管理系统

研制了山东省环境空气自动监测网络运行监控及信息管理系统,实现了山东省全部省辖市所有点位环境空气自动监测统一数据实时采集与多级多目标传输,全过程跟踪的质量控制与保证,全省统一数据确认、在线信息化管理。     

基于后向轨迹模式对北京市PM2.5来源的探讨

近年来中国经历了数次大范围雾霾天气,北京等多个城市更是遭遇连续雾霾。造成雾霾天气的主要污染物PM_2.5又称细颗粒物。为了进一步治理北京雾霾,为制定政策提供依据,须了解北京地区PM_2.5的来源。本文基于后向轨迹模式并结合PM_2.5浓度计算了2015年9月1日0：00至2016年8月31日23：00以北京为起始点,向后推算48小时的轨迹,并结合轨迹聚类分析法、潜在源贡献因子法（PSCF）、浓度权重轨迹分析法（CWT）等,探讨北京地区PM_2.5的来源。结果表明：模拟的后向轨迹经过聚类分析可分为6类,其中来自内蒙古西部的轨迹最多,来自西北、北西北方向的轨迹次之,来自西西北方向且在京津冀地区停留一段时间的轨迹占比最小,来自河北、山东、河南的交接地区及河北的沿海地区的轨迹占比也较小。其中来自内蒙古西部地区及河北、山东、河南交界地区的两类轨迹对北京的空气质量有较大的影响,是北京PM_2.5污染的主要潜在源区;来自北西北方向及河北的沿海地区两类轨迹的气团最为清洁,为北京带来良好的天气;来自西北及西西北方向的部分轨迹对应的PM_2.5浓度严重超标,说明来自此方向的气团对北京的空气质量也有一定的影响。     

Comparison of air quality in the UK and Russia

Summary A comparison is made of some of the key elements of ambient air quality in the UK and the Russian Federation. In each country air quality has recently moved towards the top of public environmental concerns. The legislative and regulatory framework for controlling/improving air quality is considered briefly. In the Russian Federation ambient air ground level standards exist for over 20 chemicals. In contrast, in the UK, to date, only four EEC (European Union) imposed standards are in operation. The Russian standards are considerably stricter than those of the UK, but compliance in many cities is very poor. In each country air quality has benefited more from economic recessionary forces than direct government action. In both countries the trend is to a reduction in sulphur dioxide levels. In contrast, nitrogen dioxide levels are increasing primarily because of growing road traffic levels. An attempt is made to compare air quality in Moscow with that in London. Constraints include the use of different methodologies and forms of data presentation. However, the overall impression is of substantial similarities in the air quality of the two capital cities.     

Using discrete choice experiments to value preferences for air quality improvement: the case of curbing haze in urban China

China's top legislature amended a law that “sets environmental protection as the country's basic policy”, which planned to force regulators to make improvements in air quality. Limited studies have attempted to estimate separate values for attributes of air quality improvements from the perspective of how residents value the reduction of haze and health benefits. We apply a discrete choice experiment to estimate the economic benefits involved in these changes. The analysis demonstrates that residents from urban areas are positively willing to pay for air quality improvement. We further employ a mixed logit model and a latent class model to investigate potential heterogeneity in preferences. The preference heterogeneity is significantly related to individuals' exposure to health risks relating to air quality, which is represented by whether the residence location of the respondent is covered by haze/smog on the interview day.     

基于GM（1,1）模型的秦皇岛市大气污染物SO2预测

根据2004—2009年大气中SO2污染物的监测数据,通过灰色GM(1,1)模型预测了未来6年秦皇岛市大气中SO2的变化趋势。结果显示,灰色系统GM(1,1)模型合理,精度较高,相对误差为-1.875%～1.228%,与环保部门公布的数据吻合程度较好。     

侯马市环境空气状况探析

根据2006年以来的环境空气质量监测数据,对侯马市空气质量状况进行了月际浓度趋势和年际浓度趋势分析评价,指出了燃料燃烧、交通运输、城市建设、气象因素、外来污染等大气污染物的来源及特征,提出了深入治理煤烟污染、积极推广新能源使用、控制机动车尾气污染、加大治理城市扬尘污染、强化工业污染源治理等改善大气环境质量的对策建议。