负载型钙钛矿催化剂对VOCs的催化燃烧性能研究

以γ-Al2O3为载体,采用等体积浸渍法制备负载型钙钛矿La0.8Ce0.2 Mn0.8 Co0.2 O3/γ-Al2O3催化剂,详细考察了温度、空速、甲苯浓度、水蒸汽等因素对催化剂催化燃烧VOCs(甲苯)性能的影响.结果表明,甲苯的转化率随反应温度的提高而上升;空速越低、水蒸汽含量越少,同一反应温度下甲苯的转化率越高;随甲苯浓度的增大,处理效果表现出先略有提高后降低的趋势;该催化剂随反应时间的增加始终保持了较高的甲苯去除率,稳定性良好.     

分子模拟技术用于ZSM-5吸附丙酮气体的机理研究

丙酮作为一种典型的挥发性有机物，易给环境空气带来不利的影响。文章以ZSM-5分子筛吸附材料作为吸附剂，丙酮分子作为吸附质，选用分子模拟技术，构建了铝原子分数分别为1at％，2at％，3at％， 4at％不同类型的ZSM-5分子筛分子结构模型，从分子层面阐释ZSM-5分子筛与丙酮之间的吸附机理。通过对吸附等温线、吸附热、孔隙率、径向分布函数、扩散系数等研究，结果分析表明，1at％Si/Al原子比改性的ZSM-5分子筛吸附效果优于其他Si/Al原子比改性的ZSM-5分子筛。     

5A分子筛基吸附剂制备及脱除H_2S性能研究

以价格低廉的5A型分子筛为基体,采用浸渍法负载一定量的活性物质制备成化学吸附剂材料,并通过气体穿透实验研究其脱除H_2S气体的性能。结果表明,负载20wt%、200℃下焙烧3h的ZnO/5A分子筛化学吸附剂对H_2S气体具有最佳的吸附性能,穿透时间达50min,穿透吸附量达到3.44mg/g。     

活性炭烟气脱硫中活性炭表面硫酸生成条件的实验

二氧化硫在活性炭表面的转化率直接影响着活性炭吸附量的大小，所以对此进行了研究．发现温度在60℃以上．水蒸气含量在6％以上，转化率达到95％以上。     

回收涂布生产废气中甲苯的新型装置

文章介绍了从涂布生产废气中回收甲苯的新型自动化回收工艺和装置。与传统的颗粒活性炭装置相比，该装置由于采用了性能优越的吸附材料和先进的工艺设计，使甲苯的回收率达95％以上，而且回收的甲苯品质好，可以直接作为原料使用，实现了清洁生产和废气资源化，收到了很好的环境效益和经济效益。     

电化学反应器吸附去除氟离子的研究

采用改性活性炭粉末对用纯净水加氟化钠配制而成的含氟水溶液进行动态电吸附去除实验.研究不同电压、电吸附时间,以及Cl-和SO2-4对氟离子去除的影响,并探讨吸附动力学和吸附方程.实验结果表明:活性炭对氟离子的吸附等温方程符合Freundlich方程,吸附动力学符合一级动力学方程;活性炭对氟离子去除与所施加的电位、吸附时间等因素有关,施加的电位越大,去除效果越好;随着吸附去除时间的延长,氟离子浓度下降趋缓;Cl-对氟离子去除影响很小,而SO2-4对氟离子去除有显著的不利影响.     

生物质炭与土壤的相互作用对BDE-47吸附行为的影响

本研究将人工制备的生物质炭以0%~2%范围的量添加到受试土壤中,通过比较生物质-土壤体系的理论吸附容量和实际吸附容量,初步阐明生物质炭与土壤的相互作用对BDE-47在土壤中的吸附行为的影响。当生物质炭的添加量为0.1%、0.5%、1.0%时,生物质炭与土壤的相互作用对BDE-47的吸附行为的影响不明显;当生物质炭添加量为2.0%,BDE-47的吸附平衡浓度Ce为0.95μg/L时,生物质炭与土壤的相互作用可以抑制土壤对BDE-47的吸附,使吸附能力降低了33%,而当Ce为9.5μg/L时,生物质炭与土壤的相互作用可以促进土壤对BDE-47的吸附,使吸附能力提高了146%。生物质炭与土壤的相互作用可以影响BDE-47在土壤中的吸附行为,影响程度的大小与生物质炭的添加量和吸附平衡浓度有关。     

新疆油田盆5气田放空气回收技术应用

新疆油田盆5气田采用分子筛对天然气处理站的放空气进行回收,介绍了分子筛的吸附原理、回收技术原理及工艺流程、净化脱水压力稳定安全措施等。通过优化破乳剂类型及注入量,净化脱水后的放空气满足回收利用要求。此项回收技术的利用,每年可减排废气5209.2×104m3,回收天然气约360×104m3,增加经济效益360万元。     

低温微捕集-气相色谱法测定苯及烷基取代苯

文章采用低温微捕集浓缩系统与气相色谱仪连接,用铝箔气袋采集空气中的苯及烷基取代苯类,经低温微捕集浓缩系统对样品进行浓缩处理,并在线注入气相色谱仪进行测定。该低温微捕集浓缩系统可对样品进行100%测定,因此测定的灵敏度增加。该方法与溶剂解吸和热解吸前处理法相比,操作简便,不需要使用有机试剂和老化吸附管,进样量的增加,降低了检出限,可实现对低含量的苯及烷基取代苯类的准确定量。     

低温微捕集-气相色谱法测定空气中苯及烷基取代苯

文章采用低温微捕集浓缩系统与气相色谱仪连接,用铝箔气袋采集空气中的苯及烷基取代苯类,经低温微捕集浓缩系统对样品进行浓缩处理,并在线注入气相色谱仪进行测定。该低温微捕集浓缩系统可对样品进行100％测定,因此测定的灵敏度增加。该方法与溶剂解吸和热解吸前处理法相比,操作简便,不需要使用有机试剂和老化吸附管,进样量的增加,降低了检出限,可实现对低含量的苯及烷基取代苯类的准确定量。     

脉冲电晕法去除二甲苯废气的研究

对脉冲电晕等离子体技术净化有机污染物二甲苯进行了实验研究，考察了脉冲峰值电压、脉冲频率、气体流量、气体入口质量浓度等因素对净化效率的影响。结果表明：二甲苯去除率随脉冲峰值电压、脉冲频率的增大而升高，随气体流量、气体进口质量浓度的增大而降低。该方法对低浓度、大流量的二甲苯废气能达到较好的去除效果，最高去除率可达87．4％。     

二维与三维电解法处理含铜废水的试验研究

以含铜废水为处理对象,考察了二维电解法的电解电压、电解时间、pH值、极间距对铜去除率的影响。在此基础上为提高处理效率,两极间填充活性炭和玻璃珠形成三维电解,确定了三维电解的最佳运行条件是极间距4cm,pH值3～4,电解电压22 V,电解135min,铜离子的去除率为80.6%。     

甲苯废气的生物净化性能与动力学模拟研究

以轻质陶块为填料，探讨了生物膜填料塔净化处理高气体流量负荷下低浓度甲苯废气的生物降解性能。实验结果表明：生物膜填料塔对甲苯具有较强的降解能力，净化效率维持在40．6％～61．9％；随着气体流量负荷和入口气体甲苯浓度负荷的增加．甲苯的净化效率也随之下降。结合实验数据对“吸附-生物膜”理论的动力学模式进行模拟研究，对比验证结果表明：动力学模拟计算值和实验值之间均有很好的拟合性，从而验证了该模型的正确性。     

炼油污水深度处理回用工艺中阳离子树脂污染物脱除性能研究

实验考察了深度处理后的炼油污水用于锅炉时的性能状况,分析了污水化学需氧量(COD)、硬度对树脂吸附脱氨性能的影响。研究表明,在对炼油污水进行深度处理时,污水的COD、硬度严重影响树脂对氨、氮的吸附。树脂对硬度的吸附率高于对氨、氮的吸附率,稳态时树脂能使COD降低60%。树脂脱氨不适合于对炼油废水深度处理时作为脱氨的主要工艺,应置于深度处理的后段。氨、氮量及COD均被有效地降低后,再对水的硬度进行处理。     

Experimental Investigation on the Removal of Toner Particles from Laser-Printed Office Waste Papers

Abstract

In this work the deinking process was simulated in a small high speed blender of about 2 L capacity. The effects of polyethylene (PE) and wax-coated PE on the removal of toner particles in the pulper slurry has been experimentally investigated. The effect of one commercial surfactant (30% anionic, 5% nonionic) on the toner release efficiency was also studied. The average area of toner particles retained on filter papers were determined using an image analysis system that consists of a high-resolution video camera mounted on an optical polarizing microscope, an image software processor, a Pentium PC, and a high-resolution image monitor. The effect of low density PE on toner detachment from laser-printed standard paper was investigated over a concentration range of 0 –200% PE (relative to paper mass). It is found that PE has a certain capabilty of removing (adsorbing) toner particles. In the second phase of this research work, the effect of wax-coated PE was investigated. It was found that wax-coated PE enhances the removal of toner particles beyond that obtained using only PE. Finally, the effect of a commercial surfactant on the release of toner particles have been investigated over a range of surfactant mass percentage (relative to the paper mass).     

高压电化学絮凝技术去除酿酒废水中总磷的研究

为了使酿酒废水中总磷有效去除并达标排放,通过对酿酒废水总磷的排放情况调查,有针对性的选用高压电化学絮凝技术,对酿酒废水中总磷的去除效果进行实验研究。从实验结果看,调节进水pH值为2.3、停留时间45分钟时总磷去除率可达到99%以上,在该条件下COD的去除率也能达到50%左右,废水总磷排放浓度能够达到1.0mg/L的排放要求。     

脉冲电晕等离子法烟气脱硫脱硝的研究

本文探讨了脉冲电晕等离子法脱硫脱硝的基本原理，较系统地研究了影响脉冲电晕等离子烟气脱硫脱硝的主要因素，进行了加ＮＨ３脱硝的探索试验。实验表明：该法能有效地去除烟气中的ＳＯ２，但脱硝效果不明显，加ＮＨ３后可大量提高脱硝的效率；湿度对脱硫影响较大，湿度越高，脱硫效率也越高，当相对湿度达８０％时，脱硫率基本达到最大，而湿度对脱硝的影响不如脱硫明显；脉冲电压越高，功率越大，脱硫脱硝效率越高；增加放电极长度     

The Design of a New Energy-conservation Type Solar-powered Lighting System Using a High‐pressure Sodium Lamp

This study designs and applies a new energy-conservation type solar-powered lighting system using a high-pressure sodium lamp to areas not having any utility company's electricity. The proposed system uses a zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) DC/DC converter in the batteries’ charge circuit to reduce the switching loss for a higher charging efficiency. Said system also adopts the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique to maximize the solar panels’ photovoltaic conversion capability. When dark, the batteries in the proposed system will discharge, with a raised voltage, through a push-pull DC/DC converter; said voltage, as the input voltage of the series-parallel resonant inverter, will be regulated to dim the lamp. To enable the efficient usage of the batteries’ stored energy capacity, this control scheme of the proposed system may adjust the night-time discharge time lengths, according to season difference, and compute the usable capacity for the load, according to the batteries’ charged voltage, so as to select a suitable pre-scheduled light-dimming curve for the lamp to achieve energy conservation for the batteries and continuity in lighting when dark.     

曝气式固定化生物活性炭深度处理滤池出水的净化效能研究

水厂常规处理对富营养化水源水中氨氮、亚硝氮及微污染有机物去除效果甚微.曝气式固定化生物活性炭对滤池出水的深度净化效果显著：高锰酸盐指数去除率在37%左右,氨氮及亚硝氮平均去除率在95%以上.GC/MS结果表明总有机物由进水的24种减至出水的6种.     

pH,dissolved oxygen,and adsorption effects on metal removal in anaerobic bioreactors

Anaerobic bioreactors were used to test the effect of the pH of influent on the removal efficiency of heavy metals from acid-rock drainage. Two studies used a near-neutral-pH, metal-laden influent to examine the heavy metal removal efficiency and hydraulic residence time requirements of the reactors. Another study used the more typical low-pH mine drainage influent. Experiments also were done to (i) test the effects of oxygen content of feed water on metal removal and (ii) the adsorptive capacity of the reactor organic substrate. Analysis of the results indicates that bacterial sulfate reduction may be a zero-order kinetic reaction relative to sulfate concentrations used in the experiments, and may be the factor that controls the metal mass removal efficiency in the anaerobic treatment systems. The sorptive capacities of the organic substrate used in the experiments had not been exhausted during the experiments as indicated by the loading rates of removal of metals exceeding the mass production rates of sulfide. Microbial sulfate reduction was less in the reactors receiving low-pH influent during experiments with short residence times. Sulfate-reducing bacteria may have been inhibited by high flows of low-pH water. Dissolved oxygen content of the feed waters had little effect on sulfate reduction and metal removal capacity.