PO生产中高浓度有机氯化物废水处理及回收利用技术

采用物理、化学方法，研究了治理与综合利用环氧丙烷生产排放的高浓度有机氯化物废水的工艺，在小试、中试的基础上，确定生产的工艺条件，并投入实际运行，取得了令人满意的效果。有机氯化物回收利用率达到９５％以上，废水达到零排放，走出了一条综合利用废水的新途径。     

活性污泥法处理焦化废水COD不达标原因分析

采用GC/MS对国内某焦化厂的主要工艺废水及生化外排水中的有机污染物进行了系统检测,分析了各主要工艺废水及生化外排水中有机污染物的组成。结果表明,造成外排水COD不达标的主要原因是由于废水中含有难降解的含氮杂环类和多环芳烃类有机物。这两类有机物主要来自焦油和苯回收精制工艺过程中产生的废水,占生化外排水中所有有机物提供的总COD的72.64%。若对这几种废水进行单独处理则可保证生化外排废水COD达标。     

中和-络合萃取-双极膜电渗析处理金刚烷胺制药废水

采用中和沉淀-络合萃取-双极膜电渗析组合工艺协同处理金刚烷胺制药胺化废水与溴化废水.结果表明,通过胺化废水与溴化废水的中和反应,可以大幅消减废水中溶解性固体和有机污染物,避免后续萃取过程中的乳化现象.在pH值为8.0、油/水相比为1∶1的条件下,P204∶正辛醇=3∶2的复配萃取剂对废水中TOC和TN的萃取效率分别为56.9%和20.6%,金刚烷胺及其衍生物几乎被完全萃取.以2.0 mol·L-1的HCl溶液为反萃取剂,可以将47.5%的金刚烷胺从负载有机相中反萃分离,再生后的萃取剂可以多次重复使用.对萃余液采用双极膜电渗析进行处理,可以去除64.2%的无机盐和部分有机物,同时还能回收到较高浓度的酸,但由于氢离子的渗漏难以回收高浓度的碱.     

离子交换-膜法组合工艺处理镀镍废水的应用研究

镀镍漂洗废水水质单一,含有较高浓度的镍离子,具有较高的回收利用价值.本工程采用离子交换-超滤-反渗透组合工艺处理镀镍漂洗废水,利用离子交换系统浓缩回收废水中的镍离子,具有自动化程度高、回收利用有用金属、废水中水回用等特点.回收的Ni2+经进一步处理后可返回生产工序使用,处理后出水可回用到电镀生产漂洗工序中.镀镍漂洗废水中Ni2+质量浓度由424 mg/L降至1.0mg/L以下,CODcr由150 mg/L降至20 mg/L以下,SS由28 mg/L降至2mg/L以下.系统Ni2+的回收率能达到99％以上,废水回用率超过65％.     

酚醛树脂含酚废水综合治理工艺

长沙树脂厂在生产环氧树脂和酚醛树脂过程中,排放大量的废水。废水中含有高浓度的酚、醛、醇等有害物质,严重污染水源。该厂在环境保护部门的配合下,经过多种方法和工艺的试验,并结合该厂实际情况采用了预处理——中和沉淀——DA-201型树脂混合床吸附——氧化法回收和处理酚醛树脂生产废水。经一年多的生产运行,该工艺装置对酚醛树脂的生产废水净化率高,经处理后达到国家规定的排放标准,并能综合利用、回收废水中酚醛树脂和甲醇。一、治理的基本原理及工艺流程     

洗毛废水中提取羊毛脂的新工艺

在羊毛脱脂生产的过程中,排出大量含羊毛脂的废水.一般经过分离从废水中提取羊毛脂,由于颜色深,带有特殊的气味,并含有大量机械杂质,使其应用价值受到限制.经过几年的实践探索,采用新的提取工艺,代替原有工艺,使羊毛脂的纯度达到国家药典标准,为制药、化妆品生产提供宝贵的原料.     

PO生产高浓度有机氮化物废水处理及回收利用技术

采用物理，化学方法，研究了治理与综合利用环氧丙烷生产排放的高浓度机氯化物废水的工艺，在小试，中试的基础上，确定生产的工艺条件，并投入实际运行，取得了令人满意的效果。有机氯化物回收利用率达到９５％以上，废水达到零排放的高浓度机氯化物废水的走出一条综合利用废水的新途径。     

化学混凝/倒置A^2/O工艺处理猪场废水试验研究

猪场废水是一种高浓度有机废水,里面含有大量的有机物、氮、磷、悬浮物等污染物质,直接采用传统的工艺处理很难达到排放标准。本试验采用化学混凝/倒置A2/O工艺处理猪场废水,效果较好。通过比较,发现采用FeC l3为混凝剂1 400 mg/l时对废水的絮凝效果最好,而好氧区HRT为7 h回流比为200%时对有机物及氮的去除效果最好。     

含三乙胺催化剂废水活化萃取预处理工艺研究

研究了活化-萃取组合工艺预处理含三乙胺催化剂废水,并优化了萃取工艺参数。实验结果表明采用Poten-CFE-13作为萃取剂的最优萃取条件为:活化p H为10.02,萃取时间10 min,萃取温度30℃,有机相/水相体积比(O/A)为1:1。在最优萃取条件下对三乙胺废水进行萃取处理后,废水中剩余总有机碳(TOC)降至321 mg/L,去除率达95.9%;浊度降至1.51 NTU,去除率达97.4%;CODCr降至437.2 mg/L,去除率达96.9%;三乙胺含量降至80.3 mgl/L,去除率达到99.2%。活化-萃取工艺不仅去除三乙胺废水中大部分有机污染物和浊度,还资源化回收三乙胺,是一种低成本高效的三乙胺废水预处理技术。     

煤气化洗涤废水中酚、氨的回收利用

详细论述哈尔滨气化厂煤气化产生的废水中酚、氨的回收方法、工艺原理、回收率及处理废水的浓度等.结合哈尔滨气化厂采用的沉降一精溜一萃取联合工艺方法,说明煤气喷淋洗涤水中氨、酚回收利用的价值,以及作为生化处理预处理的必要性.     

过氧化物酶催化反应在工业废水处理中的应用

过氧化物酶能够催化过氧化氢与有机化合物如酚类、芳香胺类的氧化反应。结合过氧化物酶的催化氧化反应机理,对其在工业废水处理中的研究进行了综述。重点介绍其在含有酚类、芳香胺类和染料类物质的工业废水中的研究。     

络合萃取技术在苯胺-硝基苯废水处理中的应用研究

选用20％三烷基胺 80％加氢煤油作为萃取荆，进行四级萃取实验，探讨络合萃取技术处理苯胺-硝基苯废水工业化的可能性。实验结果表明，采用三烷基胺一加氢煤油混合溶剂对苯胺-硝基苯废水进行萃取，具有相当高的COD去除率。     

莱钢银前265m~2烧结机脱硫废水处理及综合利用

简述了烧结烟气有机胺脱硫及副产硫酸工艺,分析了废水来源、成分和水量,设计脱硫废水处理技术,实现了废水综合利用。每年利用废水6.8万t,降低烧结成本34万元。     

丁苯橡胶生产废水的生物降解特性

为研究丁苯橡胶生产废水的好氧生物降解特性,对某石化企业丁苯橡胶生产装置的生产废水进行好氧处理,并采用液液萃取-气相色谱/质谱、三维荧光光谱、紫外吸收光谱等手段对水质指标进行表征. 结果表明:经好氧生物降解后,丁苯橡胶废水中ρ(COD_Cr)和ρ(DOC)分别降至155和76 mg/L,COD_Cr和DOC去除率分别为76.07%和70.08%;废水中二苄胺、苯乙烯和十二烷基二甲基叔胺等9种主要特征有机物19 d内可被完全降解. 丁苯橡胶生产废水在λ_Ex/λ_Em(激发波长/发射波长)为225 nm/340 nm、215 nm/290 nm,275 nm/340 nm处有3个荧光峰,分别由二苄胺、十二烷基二甲基叔胺、苯乙烯、甲苯和苯甲醛等胺类、苯乙烯和芳香族化合物等有机物产生,好氧生物降解能去除废水中的绝大部分荧光物质,荧光峰强度的总去除率达到93.87%;废水中二苄胺、十二烷基二甲基叔胺、4-甲基环己酮、苯甲醛,苯乙烯、甲苯等有机物使丁苯橡胶生产废水分别在波长190~230、230~250、250~400 nm处有紫外吸收,好氧生物降解对UV₂₅₄的去除率达到52%. 研究显示,丁苯橡胶废水经单独好氧生物处理不能达到GB 31572—2015《合成树脂工业污染物排放标准》的要求,需结合其他方式进行联合处理.      

混凝法处理油墨废水色度的研究

对pH 4 .5～ 6 .5、COD 6 0 0 0～ 170 0 0 /mg·L-1、色度 10 0～ 35 0倍、SS 2 0 0～ 6 5 0 0 /mg·L-1、外观呈蓝紫色的油墨废水进行了混凝法脱色试验。对混凝剂种类及投药量、pH、助凝剂种类及投药量等工艺条件进行了优选。其中混凝剂为聚合氯化铁 ,投药量为 10 0 /mg·L-1,pH适用范围为 4 .8～ 5 .5。助凝剂为阳离子聚丙烯酰胺 ,分子量为 15 0 0万 ,离子度 4 0 % ,投药量 0 .4 /mg·L-1,处理后的废水脱色率达到 97.0 %以上     

Performance and fouling mechanism of direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) treating fermentation wastewater with high organic concentrations

In this study,direct contact membrane distillation(DCMD)was used for treating fermentation wastewater with high organic concentrations.DCMD performance characteristics including permeate flux,permeate water quality as well as membrane fouling were investigated systematically.Experimental results showed that,after 12 hr DCMD,the feed wastewater was concentrated by about a factor of 3.7 on a volumetric basis,with the permeate flux decreasing from the initial 8.7 L/m~2/hr to the final 4.3 L/m~2/hr due to membrane fouling;the protein concentration in the feed wastewater was increased by about 3.5 times and achieved a value of 6178 mg/L,which is suitable for reutilization.Although COD and TOC in permeate water increased continuously due to the transfer of volatile components from wastewater,organic rejection of over 95%was achieved in wastewater.GC–MS results suggested that the fermentation wastewater contained 128kinds of organics,in which 14 organics dominated.After 12 hr DCMD,not only volatile organics including trimethyl pyrazine,2-acetyl pyrrole,phenethyl alcohol and phenylacetic acid,but also non-volatile dibutyl phthalate was detected in permeate water due to membrane wetting.FT-IR and SEM–EDS results indicated that the deposits formed on the membrane inner surface mainly consisted of Ca,Mg,and amine,carboxylic acid and aromatic groups.The fouled membrane could be recovered,as most of the deposits could be removed using a HCl/Na OH chemical cleaning method.     

用二氧化氯降解废水中的苯胺类化合物（2）──降解机理的探讨

本文在上文（１）的基础上，进一步研究了经二氧化氯处理前后ＢＯＤ＿５／ＣＯＤ的变化规律，其比值大于或接近０．３．其降解产物有醌及醌的氧化产物和ＮＨＩ．对苯胺及二氧化氯来说其．反应级数为１，整个反应为二级反应．     

Treatment of simulated wastewater containing Reactive Red 195 by zero-valent iron/activated carbon combined with microwave discharge electrodeless lamp/sodium hypochlorite

A comparative study of treatment of simulated wastewater containing Reactive Red 195 using zero-valent iron/activated carbon (ZVI/AC), microwave discharge electrodeless lamp/sodium hypochlorite (MDEL/NaClO) and the combination of ZVI/ACMDEL/ NaClO was conducted. The preliminary results showed the two steps method of ZVI/AC-MDEL/NaClO had much higher degradation e ciency than both single steps. The final color removal percentage was nearly up to 100% and the chemical oxygen demand reduction percentage was up to approximately 82%. The e ects of operational parameters, including initial pH value of simulated wastewater, ZVI/AC ratio and particle size of ZVI were also investigated. In addition, from the discussion of synergistic e ect between ZVI/AC and MEDL/NaClO, we found that in the ZVI/AC-MEDL/NaClO process, ZVI/AC could break the azo bond firstly and then MEDL/NaClO degraded the aromatic amine products e ectively. Reversing the order would reduce the degradation e ciency.     

A cleaner two-step synthesis of high purity diallyldimethylammonium chloride monomers for flocculant preparation

In order to improve the flocculation efficiency of polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride（PDADMAC）, high molecular weight PDADMAC should be prepared from high purity diallyldimethylammonium chloride（DADMAC） monomers. In this paper, a cleaner method with microwave irradiation and alkali solidification was proposed for preparing high pure DADMAC by selective heating under low temperature, and the prepared high purity DADMAC is characterized using FTIR and atomic absorption spectrometry. The new method provides a solution to the key technical problem of PDADMAC synthesis. Comparing with the conventional methods, the results showed that the advantages of the novel synthesis include： （a） high purity DADMAC is improved from 57% to 71% ; （b） reaction time of tertiary amine preparation is shortened from 6 h to 7 min; （c） water instead of acetone was used as reaction medium; （d） toxic by-products, wastewater and waste gas are eliminated. Flocculant made from the synthesized high purity DADMAC monomers was proved more efficient in flocculation tests.     

Effect of temperature switchover on the degradation of antibiotic chloramphenicol by biocathode bioelectrochemical system

Exposure to chloramphenicol(CAP),a chlorinated nitroaromatic antibiotic,can induce CAP-resistant bacteria/genes in diverse environments. A biocathode bioelectrochemical system(BES) was applied to reduce CAP under switched operational temperatures.When switching from 25 to 10°C,the CAP reduction rate(kCAP) and the maximum amount of the dechlorinated reduced amine product(AMCl,with no antibacterial activity) by the biocathode communities were both markedly decreased. The acetate and ethanol yield from cathodophilic microbial glucose fermentation(with release of electrons) was also reduced. Formation of the product AMCl was enhanced by the biocathode dechloridation reaction compared with that produced from pure electrochemical or microbial dechloridation processes. The electrochemical and morphological analyses of cathode biofilms demonstrated that some cathodophilic microbes could adapt to low temperature and play a key role in CAP degradation. The resilient biocathode BES has a potential for the treatment of CAP-containing wastewater in temperature fluctuating environments.