采用Calvert 洗涤器净化铁合金电炉烟尘

采用Calvert洗涤器净化半封闭铁合金电炉烟尘，在达到相同的除尘效率的条件下，阻力降仅有高能文氏管的一半，运转费用也相应下降许多。因此在环境空气质量为二类区和三类区的区域，采用投资较省的Calvert洗涤器来净化铁合金电炉烟尘是可行的。     

正压袋式除尘系统在12500KVA硅铁电炉上的应用

文章介绍了某铁合金厂１２５００ＫＶＡ 硅铁电炉烟气净化改造采用正压袋式除尘系统，并获得成功，为铁合金行业治理有害烟气开辟了一条可行之路     

铁合金电炉烟尘的性质与低温固结研究

本文研究了硅铁电炉布袋除尘收集的烟尘性能，烟尘低温固结球团的性能和工艺方法。研究结果表明，硅铁电炉烟尘中ＳｉＯ２ 约占９０ － ９５ ％ ，其它组分含量较低，有利于进行回收利用。烟尘密度小、粒度细、表面活性差、成球性能差。采用添加粘结剂进行自然养护和低温固结处理，均能获得强度较好的固结球团，能够加入铁合金炉回收利用。     

铁合金电炉烟尘的性质与低温固结研究

本文研究了硅铁电炉布袋除尘收集的烟尘性能,烟尘低温固结球团的性能和工艺方法。研究结果表明,硅铁电炉烟尘中SiO     

我国袋式除尘设计水平的全面进步

介绍了我国袋式除尘设计在标准和规范、除尘器技术性能、设备大型化、产品系列化和新型结构等方面的进展情况;简述了计算机三维技术在袋式除尘设备设计和流体模拟试验上的应用;强调了袋式除尘设计在烟气多污染物协同净化工艺中的重要作用;我国袋式除尘设计总体上已步入国际先进水平。     

长袋低压脉冲袋式除尘器净化炼钢电炉烟气技术原理及应用效果

我国现有炼钢电炉约1400座，其中一半为钢铁企业所拥有，电炉钢产量2000多万吨，连同大量的铸钢电炉，每年产生粉尘30万吨以上。随着“短流程”炼钢工艺的发展，电炉钢产量及产尘量正迅速增加，是一个不容忽视的污染源。治理工作虽已进行多年，取得很大成绩，但仍有相当数量的烟尘治理设施效果欠佳，有的甚至完全瘫痪，其原因多为除尘器选用不当。近年来，长袋低压脉冲袋式除尘器在炼钢电炉的应用取得良好的效果，包括超高功率电炉在内的一批新建电炉工程竞相采用脉冲袋式除尘器技术。本文就该项技术特点、清灰能力及应用效果等作了阐述。     

硅铁生产中烟气治理技术发展近况与最佳选择

通过对国内外硅除炉除尘技术现状及发展趋势的论述与分析，认为分室停风脉冲喷吹袋式除尘器，以其独特的设计，解决了袋式除尘在清灰技术的关键和难点，具有清灰彻底，除尘效率高，投资及运行成本低等优点，是目前青海省硅铁炉烟尘治理技术的最佳选择。     

袋式除尘器在沥青混凝土搅拌设备上的应用

分析了沥青混凝土搅拌设备的构成以及生产沥青混凝土的工艺及烟尘特点;通过应用工程实例,指出袋式除尘器是沥青混凝土搅拌设备最理想的除尘系统之一。     

大型烧结机头电除尘器提效改造探讨

本文针对320m^2烧结机头电除尘器烟气、烟尘的特点，以及该电除尘器存在的关键问题，着重介绍在改造上采用新的除尘技术和方法，使改造后的电除尘器能够满足机头工艺除尘的要求，达到提效净化烟气达标排放的目的。     

电改袋技术在回转窑窑头烟气净化中的应用

在对水泥生产线篦冷机尾气除尘进行分析的基础上,提出了电除尘改袋式除尘的必要性,可有效控制新型干法窑烟尘和粉尘的排放浓度;针对具体案例的使用结果进行了阐述。     

Cadmium: Simulation of environmental control strategies to reduce exposure

The effects of selected environmental control strategies on human dietary and respiratory exposure to environmental cadmium (Cd) have been simulated. For each control strategy, mean Cd dietary and respiratory exposures are presented for a twenty-year simulation period.Human exposures related to cadmium are associated with both process waste disposal and product disposal. Dietary exposure is by far the dominant mechanism for Cd intake. Dietary exposure related to aqueous discharges is primarily a result of municipal sludge landspreading, whereas that associated with emissions to the atmosphere derives mainly from the deposition on cropland of airborne particulates from product incineration. Only relatively small dietary exposure reductions are possible through restrictions on anysingle Cd use. Combinations of waste management and environmental control measures promise greater reductions in dietary and respiratory exposure than those achievable through use restrictions.Work supported by Office of Toxic Substances U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.     

Air borne particulate distributions and their accumulation in tree canopies,Nottingham, UK

Summary The deposition of particulates emanating from the south of Nottingham, UK, where the coal-fired power station of Ratcliffe- on-Soar is an important industry was assessed using snow samples, dry deposition gauges, and precipitation gauges.Effects of leaf characteristics in terms of shape, surface area, presentation, and cuticular texture on particulate accumulation were examined. Leaves possessing a large surface area, rough cuticular surface and with a horizontal presentation, were particularly effective in the accumulation of particulates. The penetration of particulates through the foliar canopy is discussed.The senior author is Section Leader and Principal Lecturer in Ecology in the Department of Life Sciences at Trent Polytechnic.     

南充市"九五"期间大气中总悬浮颗粒物污染现状及防治对策

本文根据南充市1996－2000年环境空气质量监测结果，分析和评价了南充市大气中总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）的污染特征，变化规律及成因，提出了防治南充市大气中TSP污染的措施。     

Emissions from burning biofuels in metal cookstoves

Promoting stoves that burn wood and other biofuels more efficiently is one of the means to reduce fuel consumption, but such efficient stoves may also emit more carbon monoxide and total suspended particulates. In an earlier study, a standard chamber method was proposed to estimate emission factors from burning fuelwood (Acacia nilotica). Here that methodology is extended to measure emission factors from burning of dungcakes and crop residues (Brassica or mustard stalks)—common fuels in many developing countries. The amounts of carbon monoxide (CO) and total suspended particulates (TSP) emitted by four different models of stoves, when using each of the three biofuels, are measured.The CO emission factors range from 13–68 (g/kg) for fuelwood to 26–67 g/kg for dungcakes and 20–114 g/kg for crop residues, for particulates they range from 1.1–3.8 to 4.1–7.8 and 2.1–12.0 g/kg for the three fuels, respectively. On a per unit heat delivered basis, the emissions of CO and TSP from both dungcakes and crop residues are two to three times higher compared to those from fuelwood. While for some improved stove-fuel combinations, the increase in emission factors was offset by the increase in thermal efficiency, this was not always so and causes a dilemma. The more efficient stoves are found to have higher emission factors of both CO and TSP for all three fuels. Emissions per standard task (i.e, on a unit heat delivered basis) is proposed as a criterion to evaluate cookstoves.     

Removal of atmospheric particles by leaves and twigs of urban trees: Some preliminary observations and assessment of research needs

This paper reviews the various lines of evidence that support the hypothesis that above-ground plant parts remove particulates from the atmosphere. Some scanning electron microscope observations of the particulate burden on leaves of London planetree are discussed. The authors present an outline of the kinds of research required to support or reject the hypothesis that urban woody plants are important air filters.     

兰炭生产过程中固体废物的产生与利用现状分析

在对国内兰炭生产工艺流程应用及现状介绍的基础上,概括总结了旧式低温干馏阶段和现阶段兰炭生产过程中固体废物的产生节点、种类、性质和主要处置方式。结果表明,旧式低温干馏阶段,兰炭生产过程中产生的固体废物主要包括煤筛分破碎工序产生的末煤和煤矸石、筛焦工序产生的焦粉、焦油冷却收集系统产生的焦油渣等;现阶段,兰炭生产过程中产生的固体废物主要包括煤筛分破碎工序产生的末煤和煤矸石以及破碎过程中经除尘器收集的煤尘、筛焦工序产生的焦粉、废水处理污泥、焦油冷却收集系统产生的焦油渣、脱硫工序产生的脱硫残液等。其中末煤、煤矸石、煤尘、焦粉作为一般工业固废全部综合利用,废水污泥、焦油渣、脱硫残液主要掺入原料煤中自行消化处置。     

Verdant vehicles via viscoelasticity

The combustion of hydrocarbon (HC) fuels in internal combustion (IC) engines is modified by the presence of a few parts per million of megadalton molecular weight elastomers. The viscoelasticity imparted provides: reduced fuel vaporization, lesser back pressure, larger average droplet sizes, and lower combustion chamber temperatures. These effects result in: a reduction of emissions of HC, CO and NO_x of more than 70%, a substantial decrease in the number of particulates from diesel engines, a drop in combustion temperatures of more than 30vv°C, increases in engine power of more than 10%, an improved fuel octane rating, and economies of fuel consumption of more than 20%. The results are magnified during transitions, especially in the lower gears, used more often in urban traffic, where normal fuels emit more pollutants. These effects have a positive public health impact due to reductions in ozone, acid rain, particulates and partially oxidized HC.     

Evaluation of Methods for Delineating Riparian Zones in a Semi‐Arid Montane Watershed

Riparian zones in semi‐arid, mountainous regions provide a disproportionate amount of the available wildlife habitat and ecosystem services. Despite their importance, there is little guidance on the best way to map riparian zones for broad spatial extents (e.g., large watersheds) when detailed maps from field data or high‐resolution imagery and terrain data are not available. Using well‐established accuracy metrics (e.g., kappa, precision, computational complexity), we evaluated eight methods commonly used to map riparian zones. Focusing on a semi‐arid, mountainous watershed, we found that the most accurate and robust method for mapping riparian zones combines data on upstream drainage area and valley topography. That method performed best regardless of stream order, and was most effective when implemented with fine resolution topographic and stream line data. Other commonly used methods to model riparian zones, such as those based on fixed‐width buffers, yielded inaccurate results. We recommend that until very‐high resolution (<1 m) elevation data are available at broad extents, models of riparian zones for semi‐arid mountainous regions should incorporate drainage area, valley topography, and quantify uncertainty.     

Method to Partition Between Attached and Unattached E. coli in Runoff From Agricultural Lands1

Abstract: Remediation of waters impaired by bacterial indicators is usually dictated by total maximum daily load plans, which are heavily dependent on fate and transport modeling of bacterial indicators. Nonpoint source pollution models are most frequently used to assess bacterial transport to surface waters and most models typically simulate bacterial transport as a dissolved pollutant. Previous studies have found that cells preferentially attach to sediments; however, a variety of techniques have been used to assess attachment including filtration, fractional filtration, and centrifugation. In addition, a variety of chemical and physical dispersion techniques are used to release attached and bioflocculated cells from particulates. Here we developed and validated an easy‐to‐replicate laboratory procedure for separation of unattached from attached E. coli which will also identify particle sizes to which E. coli preferentially attach. Physical and chemical dispersion techniques were evaluated and a combined hand shaker treatment for 10 min followed by dilutions in 1,000 mg/l of Tween 85 significantly increased total E. coli concentrations by 31% when compared with a control. In order to separate unattached from attached fractions, two commonly used techniques, fractional filtration, and centrifugation were combined. The filtration and centrifugation treatments did not reduce E. coli concentrations when compared with a control (p > 0.05), indicating that damage was not inflicted upon the E. coli cells during the separation procedure.     

Lead in particulate deposits and in leaves of roadside plants, Karachi, Pakistan

Lead concentrations were determined for particulates which were deposited during one year on the leaves of roadside plants in Karachi. The particulates were collected from the leaves at a height of one metre. The lead accumulated by the leaves of different species was also measured. A statistically significant correlation was found between the number of passing petrol driven vehicles and the lead concentration in the deposits at different designated sites. However, no significant correlation was found between the concentration in the deposits and the lead accumulated by the leaves. A lead concentration of 30.00±6.6 ppm was recorded as the highest concentration in the particulate deposits, while maximum lead accumulated by the leaves was noted as 3.12±1.09 ppm.