铁合金电炉烟尘治理技术分析

本文在分析了半封闭铁合金电炉产生的烟气、烟尘的特性和各种除尘设备性能的基础上，提出了净化铁合金电炉烟尘的三种技术：袋式除尘、强化湿式除尘和文丘里除尘器。并对袋式除尘工艺和Calvert洗涤器除尘工艺作了介绍，分析了它们的经济技术指标。半封闭铁合金电炉烟尘只能采用布袋除尘器净化，只有那些建在环境空气质量三类区的铁合金电炉，当资金非常紧缺时，才可采用Cavlert洗涤器除尘。     

铁合金电炉烟尘的性质与低温固结研究

本文研究了硅铁电炉布袋除尘收集的烟尘性能，烟尘低温固结球团的性能和工艺方法。研究结果表明，硅铁电炉烟尘中ＳｉＯ２ 约占９０ － ９５ ％ ，其它组分含量较低，有利于进行回收利用。烟尘密度小、粒度细、表面活性差、成球性能差。采用添加粘结剂进行自然养护和低温固结处理，均能获得强度较好的固结球团，能够加入铁合金炉回收利用。     

正压袋式除尘系统在12500KVA硅铁电炉上的应用

文章介绍了某铁合金厂１２５００ＫＶＡ 硅铁电炉烟气净化改造采用正压袋式除尘系统，并获得成功，为铁合金行业治理有害烟气开辟了一条可行之路     

电炉炼锆烟气净化简介

介绍了电炉炼锆的烟尘数据，阐述了烟气冷却、净化的设计方案与实施。     

推行“八项”制度是实现环境治理的基本保证

我们吉林铁合金厂是“一五”期间建成投产的国家重点工程之一,也是全国最大的铁合金生产厂,现有职工8000余人,占地面积178万平方米,拥有电炉34台,铁合金年生产能力32万吨。因供电不足等原因,近年来只生产23万吨。由于我厂是老企业,设备陈旧,前些年每年排放烟气近百亿标立米,烟尘5千余吨,排放炉渣20万吨,对环境造成了严重的污染。     

铁合金电炉烟尘的性质与低温固结研究

本文研究了硅铁电炉布袋除尘收集的烟尘性能,烟尘低温固结球团的性能和工艺方法。研究结果表明,硅铁电炉烟尘中SiO     

长袋低压脉冲袋式除尘器净化炼钢电炉烟气技术原理及应用效果

我国现有炼钢电炉约1400座，其中一半为钢铁企业所拥有，电炉钢产量2000多万吨，连同大量的铸钢电炉，每年产生粉尘30万吨以上。随着“短流程”炼钢工艺的发展，电炉钢产量及产尘量正迅速增加，是一个不容忽视的污染源。治理工作虽已进行多年，取得很大成绩，但仍有相当数量的烟尘治理设施效果欠佳，有的甚至完全瘫痪，其原因多为除尘器选用不当。近年来，长袋低压脉冲袋式除尘器在炼钢电炉的应用取得良好的效果，包括超高功率电炉在内的一批新建电炉工程竞相采用脉冲袋式除尘器技术。本文就该项技术特点、清灰能力及应用效果等作了阐述。     

金属纤维毡滤袋在高温烟气除尘领域的优势

随着重化工工业的迅速发展,污染问题日益突出,烟尘颗粒污染物的排放控制越来越重要,在高温烟气除尘方面,金属纤维毡滤袋以其耐高温、防燃防爆、过滤精度稳定、排放浓度低、环境友好等优点,可应用在电厂燃煤锅炉、油田油气分离、煤气净化、电石炉、水泥制造、化工催化剂回收、垃圾焚烧、电炉炼钢等高温烟气除尘行业。     

大型烧结机头电除尘器提效改造探讨

本文针对320m^2烧结机头电除尘器烟气、烟尘的特点，以及该电除尘器存在的关键问题，着重介绍在改造上采用新的除尘技术和方法，使改造后的电除尘器能够满足机头工艺除尘的要求，达到提效净化烟气达标排放的目的。     

从沙依巴克区锅炉污染现状探讨烟尘控制区的建议

乌鲁木齐消依巴克区自１９８９年至１９９４年先后在其辖的区的７个街道办事处开展了烟尘控制区的创工作，天山区，水磨沟区，新市区以沙依巴克区的模式建设了辖区烟尘控制区。全市共建成６７．４ｋｍ＾２的烟尘控制区，但冬季大气污染严重并未得到遏制。据此通过分析锅炉污染现状，探讨了烟尘控制区建设存在的不足。     

文丘里洗涤过滤型FCVS性能评价述评及建议

通过调研对国内外文丘里洗涤过滤型FCVS性能评价进展进行了阐述与比较,指出国内开展文丘里洗涤过滤型FCVS出厂性能评价不全面,需进一步开展相关性能评价技术研究;FCVS在现场的安装质量如何,随着时间的推移性能变化如何,并未开展试验验证,结合法规要求等,建议开展FCVS现场试验评价技术的研究。     

脉喷袋除尘器清灰机理及技术分析

分析了脉喷袋式除尘器的工作原理和清灰机理，分析比较了离线清灰技术和在线清灰技术、高压脉喷清灰和低压脉喷清灰技术，及喷吹机构使用文丘里管对除尘器性能的影响，介绍了通过喷吹孔的不同孔径分布达到均衡清灰动能的效果。     

Application of modeling and simulation tools in costs and pollution monitoring

This paper presents the development and application of process modeling and simulation tools to aid in the monitoring and measuring of pollution from industry, and investigate a plant's overall performance. A case study of a generic reduction plant is investigated, taking into account the underlying principles that determine the amount of fluoride emissions released from the plant's processes. The simulation study includes the investigation of the gas cleaning system within the plant, such as the system's operating relationships between the scrubbing efficiency, wear of the scrubber filter bags, maintenance costs and its response to the change of scrubbing circulation. Two sets of simulation runs are performed to seek a balance for the plant's overall system performance, taking into account environmental issues (fluoride emissions) and cost. The final simulation result demonstrates that cost savings can be achieved when the plant operates in a cleaner manner.     

Cold DeNOx development for oxyfuel power plants

Flue gas purification is a necessary method to avoid emission of sour gases like SO_x and NO_x into the environment. Another important aspect is the zero CO₂ emission from coal-fired power plants. Oxyfuel technology is one of the processes to reach this goal. LINDE KCA Dresden in cooperation with Vattenfall Europe is operating a pilot plant producing liquefied CO₂. Product specification and material requirements make flue gas purification for the removal of SO_x and NO_x unavoidable. The new oxyfuel technologies offer new process conditions for flue gas purification which are not available at atmospheric conditions.At Linde laboratories, catalytic and non-catalytic DeNOx and DeSOx processes have been screened for oxyfuel application. After first feasibility studies, laboratory experiments and economic evaluations, it was decided to develop a process based on wet scrubber systems to remove NO_x from flue gas, simultaneously producing ammonia nitrites which can be thermally decomposed into nitrogen in a second step. After demonstration of the single process steps on laboratory scale, a pilot scrubber was erected and commissioned in 2010 at Schwarze Pumpe Oxyfuel Pilot Plant. In September 2010, the successful completion of the pilot tests demonstrated the NO_x removal efficiency of this technology. The data from the pilot plant tests have been used to finalise a kinetic model describing the NO_x absorption behaviour regarding NO_x removal rate and nitrite selectivity for demonstration of plant scale up. This DeNOx-process is now marketed under the name “LICONOX”.     

Using markets for land preservation: Results of a TDR program

This paper reviews different approaches to using transferable development rights (TDRs) as a way to preserve rural lands in the face of development pressure. One TDR program is examined in detail, that of Calvert County, Maryland, which has had an active TDR market since the mid-1980s. This program uses TDRs as a key policy tool for achieving a total amount of preserved acreage in the county, and for providing incentives for preservation in some areas and development in others. The paper examines both the early difficulties in developing participation in the program, and the events that lead eventually to an active TDR market. It assesses the workings of the market including factors that influence the demand and supply of TDRs, the movement of prices over time, and the location of preserved areas and of additional developed areas. The study found that the program is achieving many of the county's land preservation goals because of the high level of activity in the TDR market. However, most of the additional density is being channeled into rural areas with underlying low-density zoning.     

Study of boron behaviour in two Spanish coal combustion power plants

A full-scale field study was carried out at two Spanish coal-fired power plants equipped with electrostatic precipitator (ESP) and wet flue gas desulfurisation (FGD) systems to investigate the distribution of boron in coals, solid by-products, wastewater streams and flue gases. The results were obtained from the simultaneous sampling of solid, liquid and gaseous streams and their subsequent analysis in two different laboratories for purposes of comparison. Although the final aim of this study was to evaluate the partitioning of boron in a (co-)combustion power plant, special attention was paid to the analytical procedure for boron determination. A sample preparation procedure was optimised for coal and combustion by-products to overcome some specific shortcomings of the currently used acid digestion methods. In addition boron mass balances and removal efficiencies in ESP and FGD devices were calculated. Mass balance closures between 83 and 149% were obtained. During coal combustion, 95% of the incoming boron was collected in the fly ashes. The use of petroleum coke as co-combustible produced a decrease in the removal efficiency of the ESP (87%). Nevertheless, more than 90% of the remaining gaseous boron was eliminated via the FGD in the wastewater discharged from the scrubber, thereby causing environmental problems.     

The role of corporations in ensuring biodiversity

Corporations own approximately 25% of all private land in the United States and, therefore, play an essential role in protecting biodiversity and maintaining natural habitats. The Wildlife Habitat Council (WHC) is a unique joint venture between conservation organizations and corporations to utilize corporate lands for ensuring biodiversity. The following case studies demonstrate how corporations have helped ensure healthy ecosystems and provided critical leadership in regional efforts. Amoco Chemical Company's Cooper River Plant has been instrumental in developing a cooperative project that involves numerous corporations, plantation owners, private citizens, nonprofit organizations, government agencies, and community groups to develop a comprehensive, ecosystem-based management plan for part of the Cooper River in Charleston, South Carolina, USA. The second case focuses on the Morie Company, a national sand quarry operator headquartered in southern New Jersey, USA. Morie Company is working with WHC, community groups, the Pinelands Commission, and other state regulatory agencies to explore sustainable development opportunities for companies within the Pinelands regulations. The third case takes us to DuPont Company's Asturias, Spain, site. A win—win success story of improved habitat and cost savings is the result of DuPont's concern for the environment, ability to work with a variety of groups, and willingness to consider innovative restoration techniques. The fourth case discusses Consumers Power Company's Campbell Plant in West Olive, Michigan, USA. In addition to implementing projects that contribute to biodiversity, Consumers Power has developed an environmental education field station to teach others about the importance of natural habitats. The final case highlights Baltimore Gas & Electric Company's efforts to maintain habitat for endangered species at their Calvert Cliffs site in Maryland.     

Strategies for Emission Reduction of Air Pollutants Produced from a Chemical Plant

Various air pollution control (APC) techniques were employed in order to reduce emissions of air pollutants produced from chemical plants, which have many different chemical production facilities. For an emission reduction of acid gases, this study employed a method to improve solubility of pollutants by decreasing the operating temperature of the scrubbers, increasing the surface area for effective contact of gas and liquid, and modifying processes in the acid scrubbers. To reduce emission of both amines and acid gases, pollutant gas components were first separated, then condensation and/or acid scrubbing, depending on the chemical and physical properties of pollutant components, were used. To reduce emission of solvents, condensation and activated carbon adsorption were employed. To reduce emission of a mixture gases containing acid gases and solvents, the mixed gases were passed into the first condenser, the acid scrubber, the second condenser, and the activated carbon adsorption tower in sequence. As a strategy to reduce emission of pollutants at the source, this study also employed the simple pollution prevention concept of modification of the previously operating APC control device. Finally, air emissions of pollutants produced from the chemical plants were much more reduced by applying proper APC methods, depending upon the types (physical or chemical properties) and the specific emission situations of pollutants.     

Chemical and physical properties of dry flue gas desulfurization products

Beneficial and environmentally safe recycling of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) products requires detailed knowledge of their chemical and physical properties. We analyzed 59 dry FGD samples collected from 13 locations representing four major FGD scrubbing technologies. The chemistry of all samples was dominated by Ca, S, Al, Fe, and Si and strong preferential partitioning into the acid insoluble residue (i.e., coal ash residue) was observed for Al, Ba, Be, Cr, Fe, Li, K, Pb, Si, and V. Sulfur, Ca, and Mg occurred primarily in water- or acid-soluble forms associated with the sorbents or scrubber reaction products. Deionized water leachates (American Society for Testing and Materials [ASTM] method) and dilute acetic acid leachates (toxicity characteristic leaching procedure [TCLP] method) had mean pH values of >11.2 and high mean concentrations of S primarily as SO(2-)4 and Ca. Concentrations of Ag, As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb, and Se (except for ASTM Se in two samples) were below drinking water standards in both ASTM and TCLP leachates. Total toxicity equivalents (TEQ) of dioxins, for two FGD products used for mine reclamation, were 0.48 and 0.53 ng kg(-1). This was similar to the background level of the mine spoil (0.57 ng kg(-1)). The FGD materials were mostly uniform in particle size. Specific surface area (m2 g(-1)) was related to particle size and varied from 1.3 for bed ash to 9.5 for spray dryer material. Many of the chemical and physical properties of these FGD samples were associated with the quality of the coal rather than the combustion and SO2 scrubbing processes used.