屏蔽室环境工况对传导骚扰测量的影响

建立工况可调屏蔽室：安装恒温恒湿系统，实现温度在（10～35）℃连续可调、测量空间温度场均匀度和最大波动均〈10℃，湿度控制在（30～60）％范围。利用工况可调屏蔽室，研究温湿度对传导骚扰测试结果的影响：选取电动工具、空调（变频、定频）、除湿机等产品，研究不同产品传导骚扰电压与谐波随环境温湿度的变化规律，发现骚扰电压和谐波测量值随环境温度的变化有很大的不同，试验证明这些产品的传导骚扰电压和谐波测量值明显随着环境温度而变化。研究结果对提高，实验室电磁兼容测试水平具有良好的实用价值，对于相关标准的制修订具有参考价值。     

环境试验设备参数测量——温度和湿度试验设备

温度和湿度试验是环境试验中最重要的试验。对温度、湿度试验设备参数的测量,在考虑经济合理和满足规定测量不确定度的情况下,本文阐述测量中的一般要求、测量仪器的选择、提高测量准确度的方法等。     

制冷设备对人体舒适温度影响的研究

舒适的环境温度对人的工作学习有重要影响,本文将选取校园内研究生实验室作为研究环境,通过空调控制室内温度及湿度,以男女学生为研究对象通过问卷调查法研究人体热感觉舒适温度及对应湿度,由研究数据分析结果得出夏季炎热室内人体舒适温度为24℃,对应的人体舒适相对湿度为50%,舒适温度刚好处于人体常温37℃的黄金分割处。室内温度、湿度与人体舒适满意度关系可近似为二阶函数曲线。分析数据及结果对研究实验室、办公室等工作场所在炎热夏季的温度和湿度设置有理论指导意义;通过对比不同人群的人体舒适温度和湿度对研究身体健康状况有理论参考价值。     

成都地区集装箱内部温度-湿度条件研究

某些特殊货物对温度、湿度等环境条件有特殊的要求,特别是集装箱一般为密闭的箱体,其内部环境条件更加恶劣。成都地区具有高温高湿的气候特点,为了保证这些特殊货物在成都地区安全开展集装箱运输,作者在成都地区对集装箱内部温、湿度环境条件及其影响因素即大气环境温度进行了测试,最后运用统计分析方法建立了集装箱内部温度数学模型,得出了内部最恶劣温度范围,从而为特殊货物安全进箱提供理论依据。     

气候试验箱内部条件不确定度计算(上)

提供了对温度和湿度气候试验箱内部环境条件进行不确定度分析的方法。首先介绍了测量的不确定度概念,然后讨论容差的意义。考虑到湿度和温度测量是采用确定和合成不确定度。结合校准空载试验箱和有负载试验箱的条件测量的案例。最后,逐条整理成为范本用于分析结果以给出规范的不确定度评估依据。     

气候试验箱内部条件不确定度计算(下)

提供了对温度和湿度气候试验箱内部环境条件进行不确定度分析的方法。首先介绍了测量的不确定度概念,然后讨论容差的意义。考虑到湿度和温度测量是采用确定和合成不确定度。结合校准空载试验箱和有负载试验箱的条件测量的案例。最后,逐条整理成为范本用于分析结果以给出规范的不确定度评估依据。     

绝缘材料的环境老化

利用阿伦纽斯法(Arrhenius)作曲线,已可能预估有机材料的使用寿命。最近,已能够获得湿度和温度对湿敏材料老化性能综合影响的数据。这里提出了一种使用这些数据计算材料预估寿命的计算方法。这些材料是在置于已知环境温度和湿度的室内的(温暖的)密闭电气设备里工作的。     

测量环境试验箱内的湿度

试验工程师经常要测量环境试验箱内的湿度含量.由于许多产品受到湿度影响,所以这一测量和温度同等重要.什么是湿度?湿度是存在于空气或其它气体中的水.通常,我们根据达尔顿分压规律测量这一气体的分蒸气压.湿度是较难测量的一种参数.以下章节将介绍几种最普通的测量方法.     

环境温度和进水温度对低温空气源热泵性能的影响

本文通过设置环境温度为7℃、0℃、-15℃和进水温度为9℃、30℃、50℃的9种不同组合工况实验，研究环境温度和进水温度对空气源热泵机组的制热量、耗电量、热泵能效比的影响，得到低温性能变差的原因，并给出优化建议。结果表明：环境温度是影响制热量的主要因素，进水温度是影响制热量的次要因素；进水温度是影响总功率的主要因素，环境温度是影响总功率的次要因素。热泵能效比COP随着环境温度的降低而降低，随着进水温度的升高而降低。此外，针对低温下空气源热泵效率变差的情况，提出可以采用喷气增焓系统或变频压缩机来提升补气量，或者采用再加热的方法提高蒸发器出口冷媒的吸气温度等方式来提高系统制热量和能效比COP。     

分流式内加湿型环境箱设计

本文针对现行混凝土温度-应力试验机存在的不足,结合国家"211工程"项目要求,设计了一种新型环境箱,可用于研究温度,湿度和风速变化对混凝土的影响.创新性的采用了管道分流和内置加湿结构,可实现高精度的温度、湿度和风速调节.     

THE IMPACT OF HIGH INTEREST RATES ON OPTIMUM MULTIPLE OBJECTIVE DESIGN OF SURFACE RUNOFF URBAN DRAINAGE SYSTEMS1

ABSTRACT. This research examines the impact of high rates of interest upon the least cost system design for urban drainage systems when water quality is a critical parameter. Results of examination of twelve alternative system designs in a case study watershed indicate the least cost study design is highly sensitive to the rate of interest, but not sensitive to the water quality parameters. When the high rates of interest currently prevalent are introduced into the model those systems which contain open channel collection components are selected as the least cost system. At low rates of interest pipeline collection components are selected as the least cost system. Holding pond components of system design are cost effective at several levels of water quality. They are neutral to the rate of interest so they are incorporated in least cost systems at all the levels of interest rates. The results of the study indicate that at the current high rates of interest open channel collection systems and holding ponds are cost effective system components to achieve selected levels of water quality in urban drainage system design.     

ECONOMIC DESIGN OF CENTRAL WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS FOR MEDIUM SIZED TOWNS1

ABSTRACT. Adequate and good-quality water supply for medium sized towns is costly when there are insufficient quantity and low quality of groundwater or surface water. In a central water supply system serving a number of towns, the economies of scale may permit a sufficient and good-quality supply at lesser rates. Such a system has the flexibility of supplying rural population through small service lines. The system may be an interbasin or intrabasin conveyance depending on the location of a suitable water source and the economics of the supply network. Seven cost elements are pertinent to the optimum or least-cost design of network consisting of pipelines and pumping stations. The relevant cost functions are based on the available data gathered from various sources. Water conveyance costs are calculated for various flow rates, pipeline diameters, flow variabilities, static heads, and interest rates, thus providing a measure of sensitivity of the conveyance cost to such variations. The economies of scale, the sensitivity of optimum unit conveyance costs, and variations in unit costs with change in cost functions are useful in making a feasibility study for a proposed conveyance system.     

基于LabVIEW的自动配料控制系统设计

针对传统工业生产过程配料系统精度差、效率低、维修量大、人机界面不友好、成本高等问题,将总线控制技术、分时复用技术和精确称重技术相结合,设计了一套基于Labview的自动混配料控制系统。给出了系统的通讯设计,软件设计及硬件设计。现场应用结果证明,该系统能够自动、快捷、友好、精确可靠的完成配料生产。     

对中小型电炉除尘的几点认识与探讨

对中、小型电炉除尘系统的设计进行一些探讨,并为设计出造价低廉、维护简便、操作简单、运行费用节约的电炉除尘系统提出几点认识与建议。     

CAPITAL COST OF RURAL WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS1

ABSTRACT: The cost of water service to rural residents is very high compared to urban areas. This is true even after subsidization by Farmers Home Administration (FmHA) loans and grants. Capital cost data on 44 projects financed by the Ohio office of the FmHA during the period August 1968 to January 1977 are used to derive cost equations for 26 components of rural water distribution systems. These components represent 92 percent of the capital cost of the pipeline distribution systems studied. The data can be used to economically design rural water supply systems from a capital cost viewpoint. More data are needed on operation and maintenance costs as well as central and cluster well costs before totally economic system designs can be undertaken.     

表面流人工湿地磷循环生态动力学模型及实现方法

人工湿地做为一种高效低耗的新型污水处理工艺日益为人们所关注,特别是表面流人工湿地所特有的区域生态效益和脱氮除磷效果,但其污染物去除的内在机制并不为人们所完全掌握。本文详细地介绍了表面流人工湿地磷循环生态动力学模型的设计思想、具体结构、数学模式和实现方法,并对生物生长、死亡和土壤作用模块的各种不同实现方法傲了深入细致地分析探讨。结果表明人工湿地生态动力学模型由于假设歧义、实现方法不统一、模型参数测定手段的缺乏等因素的影响,导致其模拟结果的误差偏大,在表面流人工湿地多介质环境条件下多形态磷循环机理和多学科交叉研究方面还需要进行更深入、细致的工作,来对模型不断完善以推动对人工湿地污水处理工艺的完全掌握和科学应用。     

高校人工湿地系统的规划设计——以福建工程学院新校区为例

人工湿地处理技术具有投资低、出水水质好、耗能低、抗冲击力强、操作简单和运行费用低等优点。本文阐述了人工湿地系统应用于高校生活污水回收利用的意义，以福建工程学院新校区的北校区为例，利用前期在福州大学模拟人工湿地系统处理生活污水的实验数据，规划设计人工湿地系统，计算确定相关设施的面积和尺寸，并对人工湿地系统进行平面布置，绘制出系统流程的剖面图。     

WATER QUALITY SAMPLING SCHEMES FOR VARIABLE FLOW CANALS AT REMOTE SITES1

ABSTRACT: Growing interest in water quality has resulted in the development of monitoring networks and intensive sampling for various constituents. Common purposes are regulatory, source and sink understanding, and trend observations. Water quality monitoring involves monitoring system design; sampling site instrumentation; and sampling, analysis, quality control, and assurance. Sampling is a process to gather information with the least cost and least error. Various water quality sampling schemes have been applied for different sampling objectives and time frames. In this study, a flow proportional composite sampling scheme is applied to variable flow remote canals where the flow rate is not known a priori. In this scheme, historical weekly flow data are analyzed to develop high flow and low flow sampling trigger volumes for auto‐samplers. The median flow is used to estimate low flow sampling trigger volume and the five percent exceedence probability flow is used for high flow sampling trigger volume. A computer simulation of high resolution sampling is used to demonstrate the comparative bias in load estimation and operational cost among four sampling schemes. Weekly flow proportional composite auto‐sampling resulted in the least bias in load estimation with competitive operational cost compared to daily grab, weekly grab sampling and time proportional auto‐sampling.     

新型太阳能小型无人值守水质实验站的开发和应用

本文介绍了上海浦东新区新型太阳能小型无人值守水质自动监测系统的特点与组成,同时对水质自动监测数据和实验室分析数据进行比较分析,表明两者之间有很好的相关性和对比性。说明了新型太阳能小型无人值守水质自动监测站具有体积小、功能强、投入少、维护量小、监测参数多等优点,适用于不同水体的长期连续在线监测。     

A COMPARISON OF SINGLE‐CELL AND MULTICELL CULVERTS FOR STREAM CROSSINGS1

ABSTRACT: Single‐barrel culverts are a common means of roadway crossings for smaller streams. While this culvert design provides an economical solution for a crossing, the adverse effects of conveying the stream through a single opening can be far reaching. The single‐barrel culvert is typically sized for a design storm much greater than the channel forming discharge. This oversizing causes an interruption of the normal flow patterns and sediment transport for the system. Shallow depths at low flow in the pipe and perching at the outlet can impede fish passage. Multicell culverts (where the main culvert at the channel invert is sized for bankfull discharge, and additional pipes are placed at the floodplain elevation to convey overbank flow up to the design discharge) have been recommended as a best management practice to minimize erosion and improve fish passage. This flume study scaled a prototype single‐barrel culvert to both a single‐cell model, and a multicell design to compare outlet scour and flow depths within the culvert. The results provide designers and planners with evidence of the benefits of multicell culverts to justify the higher cost of installation compared to single‐barrel culverts.