安徽省岳西县生态示范区评价指标体系和可持续发展度研究

经实地考察、典型调查和分析研究，构建了可持续发展为目标的岳西县生态示范区评价体系，由４个层次１８项指标组成。采用加权求和计量模型计算了岳西县规划基准年、近期和远景目标年的可持续发展度值。     

重庆市可持续发展指标体系的设计和评价

本文从可持续发展目标出发,建立反映重庆市可持续发展的存量,质量,结构与变动度指标体系,应用层次分析法,模糊综合评判法及功效系数法对重庆市可持续发展进行了定量分析,并确定了可持续发展的满意值和不允许值。力图为重庆市可持续发展指标体系的评价和理论研究提供一套可行的方法。     

珠港澳可持续发展协调度评估

可持续发展协调度是一个综合的概念,文章中主要从资源利用效率、社会环境协调系数、经济环境协调系数和环境治理能力4个方面构置了可持续发展协调度的指标体系,就我国香港、澳门和珠江三角洲9个地级市(广州、深圳、珠海、佛山、东莞、惠州、江门、肇庆和中山)的可持续发展协调度进行评价和对比分析,得出中山和珠海可持续发展协调度最高,肇庆、佛山、江门、惠州、广州、深圳、我国香港的可持续发展协调度较高,我国澳门的可持续发展协调度次之,最不协调的城市是东莞。最后,对东莞和我国澳门存在的问题进行了分析和探讨。     

生态示范区可持续发展评价

借鉴目前国内外区域可持续发展评价研究的成果 ,依据系统分析原理 ,从经济发展、社会发展、资源与生态安全、可持续发展能力、可持续发展度和系统协调度 6方面建立了综合测度生态示范区可持续发展水平的指标体系和计量模型。在实证研究中 ,对延安市宝塔区近 8a(1 992— 1 999年 )区域发展水平的量化评价结果表明 :宝塔区可持续发展水平呈逐步上升趋势 ,但目前仍处于弱可持续发展阶段 ,区域发展系统表现为低水平的协调状态     

生态示范区可持续发展评价

借鉴目前国内外区域可持续发展评价研究的成果，依据系统分析原理，从经济发展、社会发展、资源与生态安全、可持续发展能力、可持续发展度和系统协调度6方面建立了综合测度生态示范区可持续发展水平的指标体系和计量模型。在实证研究中，对延安市宝塔区近8a(1992—1999年)区域发展水平的量化评价结果表明：宝塔区可持续发展水平呈逐步上升趋势，但目前仍处于弱可持续发展阶段，区域发展系统表现为低水平的协调状态。     

化学物质和废物将是下次联合国可持续发展目标会议的焦点

<正>2013年12月20日化学物质和废物将是设立负责起草一组可持续发展目标的联合国工作组下次会议议程的主要议题,这些目标将于2015年取代目前的千年发展目标。这次会议将于1月6-10日在位于纽约的联合国总部举行,将讨论应当如何在更广泛的可持续发展背景下应对化学品和废物管理。特别是,这次会议将在可持续的消费和生产背景下讨论化学物质和废物。这些目标的细节正在讨论中,尽管预计不对完善的化学品和废物管理设定一项专门目标,不过,它们可能     

人口、资源环境与经济的协调度测定——以重庆市为例

人口、资源环境与经济的协调发展是实现城市可持续发展的有效途径。本文采用1996-2006年重庆市人口、环境与经济的数据,利用主成分分析法和模糊数学法,计算了重庆市1996年以来的综合评价指数和三个系统间的协调度值。并对结果进行了分析。     

序言

正2015年,联合国可持续发展峰会通过《2030年可持续发展议程》,其中目标12.4提出"到2020年,根据商定的国际框架,实现化学品和所有废物在整个存在周期的无害环境管理,并大幅减少它们排入大气以及渗漏到水和土壤的几率,尽可能降低它们对人类健康和环境造成的负面影响"。2019年,第四届联合国环境大会(UNEA4)强调,化学品健全管理是可持续发展的一个基本且不可分割的交叉要素。     

建设生态示范区促进区域可持续发展

走可持续发展的道路是中国发展道路的必然选择，生态示范区建设可持续发展战略作为指导思想和建设的最高目标，它是实施可持续发展战略的基本经济社会形式。文章论述了生态示范区的内涵、建设意义、基本模式及其组织实施。     

中国土壤科学战略发展研究的新思路——土壤学战略发展研究的顶层设计与路线图

土壤科学在国家农业可持续发展和生态环境建设中具有重要的战略地位。文章论述了当前新形势下,土壤科学战略发展的新思路和新目标,从科学目标和国家需求方面阐述了未来土壤科学战略发展的新方向,构建了土壤科学战略发展的顶层设计图,提出了我国2020-2050年土壤科学战略发展总思路,并对此进行了综合提示与深入思考。     

A sustainability assessment of a high-yield agroecosystem in Huantai County,China

Sustainable agricultural development is a perennial issue for agricultural researchers, government managers, and policy makers worldwide, but especially in developing countries. In China, farms in Shandong Province epitomize modern agriculture and play a vital role in providing food for the burgeoning population. However, Chinese agriculture is being challenged by declining resources and environmental deterioration resulting from modern farming practices. China must establish an efficient agricultural sustainability index (ASI) to evaluate agricultural conditions and offer recommendations for sustainable development. Here, we use Huantai County, Shandong Province to test a regionalscale ASI from social, economic and ecological factors that includes 11 sustainability indicators. To further evaluate the complex agroecosystem, we employed the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and AMOEBA methods to assess agricultural sustainability from 1982 to 2003. The results show that environmental problems, especially groundwater depletion, are limiting regional sustainable development.     

Sustainability of Nations

SUMMARY

A method is presented to interrelate the development of economy, environment and social quality in communities. Economy and environment, in initial development stages, oppose each other. Social welfare and economy generally develop simultaneously. To assess overall progress in sustainable development, an integrated and quantifiable framework is presented which defines five levels of sustainability. Increasing sustainability is characterized by growing responsibility for the impacts of man's actions in space and time. Through increased eco-efficiency and changed awareness, nations and companies arrive at a synergistic relationship between environment and economy. It is indicated that social security benefits expenditure increases by a factor 3.5 and carbon dioxide emissions per capita decreases by a factor 3 at each higher level of sustainability. Quantified differences in sustainability levels of 24 nations are shown. Priorities for improving and safeguarding sustainability are indicated.     

Community sustainability: a holistic approach to measuring the sustainability of rural communities in Scotland

ABSTRACT

Although sustainable development was defined in the Brundtland Report almost 30 years ago, the current usage of the concepts of sustainability and sustainable development remain highly equivocal. In the context of rural communities, multiple interpretations and weak definitions lead to confusion in understanding what comprises a sustainable rural community. Building on existing definitions (e.g. Baker’s, 2006, ‘Ladder of Sustainable Development’), models (principally, The Egan Review’s, 2004, ‘Components of Sustainable Communities’) and findings of this study, a sustainable community is defined and a holistic model of a sustainable place-based rural community is presented. This model, the sustainable community design (SCD) is used as the basis for analysing community sustainability, which is measured using mixed methods and scorecard assessment. Sensitivity of the method is demonstrated with inter- and intra-community variations in sustainability across three diverse Scottish rural communities. Intra-community variations illustrate heterogeneity in community sustainability, explain ambiguity in characterisations of an individual community’s sustainability, and highlight the importance of an interdisciplinary and holistic approach to community development. The SCD framework is presented as a useful tool for meso-level sustainability assessment and to facilitate the sustainable development of rural communities.     

A holistic approach to the development of sustainable agriculture: application of the ecosystem health model

Serious resource depletion has made sustainable agriculture an important and pressing issue for scientists, policy makers, and stakeholders worldwide, particularly in developing countries. Researchers have focused on methods to assess agriculture correctly, and to introduce sound solutions for sustainability, but have reached no agreement. In this paper, we introduce the theoretical framework of the agro-ecosystem health model, a new holistic approach, and apply it at a regional scale using four aspects (4S): sound structure, stable function, safe service, and sustainable development. We examine how 12 indicators of an agro-ecosystem health assessment (AHA) were selected using three dimensions based on this theoretical framework. In an AHA, we used an amoeba approach to examine a high-yield agro-ecosystem in Huantai County, Shandong Province, China. The results indicate that this model of ecosystem health can reflect the complex ecological, economic, and human conditions of an agro-ecosystem and evaluate these conditions using perspectives pertinent to system structure, function, and responses (services).     

Defining and achieving sustainable development

SUMMARY

This paper analyses the fundamental problems of defining and achieving sustainable development. A common core of the various definitions of sustainability circulating is identified. Economic and scientific approaches to operationalize sustainability generally lead to management rules, which — if obeyed — should guarantee sustainability. Since it is not possible to precisely predict the future, this scientific—technical—economic route to sustainability may fail. A second, ethical way, to sustainability which interprets sustainability as an ideal for fair play is introduced. How the two different ways may complement one another with a three-step hierarchy of political goals is elucidated.     

Beyond strong sustainability

Since the Brundtland Commission's delineation of the term sustainable development in 1987, virtually every country has incorporated the terms sustainability and sustainable development into their planning vocabulary and criteria for decision-making. However, many issues remain unresolved. Broad and sweeping references to sustainability and sustainable development do not necessarily translate into implementable policies to achieve these goals. In particular, unresolved issues include developing an understanding of how one sector of the economy can contribute to the sustainable development of the economy as a whole and the role of ecological resources in sustainable development. Our paper provides an initial conceptual examination of these questions by folding mining and ecological quality into the sustainability discussion. We use the Brazilian Amazon as an application of our sustainable development model.     

Nachhaltigkeit in der Pflanzenproduktion

Part I gives an overview on the origin and the development of the term “sustainability” in general and for agriculture in particular. This overview shows that the term “sustainability” is used widely in discussing ecological, social and economic aspects; however, there is no generally accepted definition for this term neither for the different aspects, nor for a concept including all the discussed aspects of “sustainability”. This makes a determination and practical implementation of the term “sustainability” difficult. Therefore a definition for a sustainable crop production from the ecological point of view is elaborated based on the discussion of the development of the term and on the identification of the most important applied aspects. This definition forms the basis for a methodological approach to the practical implementation of a sustainable crop production (»part II).     

Monitoring sustainable agriculture in Southeast Asia

Monitoring agricultural sustainability requires careful summarising of indicators collected over time into indices representing facets of sustainability. When the number of variables exceeds the number of observations, interpretation of components from ordinary principal component analysis is usually difficult because of minimal or absence of sparsity among the loadings. This is also true for time series indicators that exhibit non-stationarity. A framework for the assessment of agricultural sustainability in a regional context is proposed. Sparse principal component analysis is used in constructing indices of agricultural sustainability that are then used to characterise the state of agricultural development and the dynamics of agricultural growth in Southeast Asia.     

Sustainability analysis of Chinese transport policy

SUMMARY

Whilst the world economy is developed, the life and development of human beings have been threatened by the imbalance between environmental and ecological aspects. Thus, sustainability is becoming increasingly the focus of various social fields. For most developing countries, a strategy with good sustainability for social development is of long-term significance to keep the economy in expansion. This paper first reviews the conceptual framework and up-to-date development of sustainability. Second, it reviews the current transport situation of China and its future demands. Third, the paper analyses transport policy from the viewpoints of energy consumption and environment pollution caused by transportation. It finally summarises suggestions for transport policy that China should consider in the future.