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深圳近岸海域氮、磷营养盐变化趋势及其与赤潮发生的关系 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文阐述了深圳近岸海域(大鹏湾北部和东部沿岸、大亚湾西部沿岸、深圳湾西北部沿岸及珠江口东南部沿岸)四个海区氮磷营养盐近30 a变化趋势,统计了各海区历年赤潮发生次数和累计总面积,并对氮磷营养盐含量和赤潮发生次数、累计总面积进行了相关性分析。结果表明,深圳近岸海域氮磷营养盐污染状况为东优西劣的趋势,东部海域水体均未达到富营养化水平,而西部海域水体均表现出一定程度的富营养化(部分年份为磷限制潜在性富营养);赤潮发生次数以大鹏湾最高,深圳湾次之,累计总面积以深圳湾最大,珠江口次之;相关性分析结果表明,DIN、PO4-P与四个海区赤潮发生次数、累计总面积均无显著相关性,而NH4-N、NO3-N分别与大鹏湾和珠江口海域赤潮暴发次数、累计总面积呈显著相关性。 相似文献
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我国近岸海域富营养化形势分析与防治对策 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
我国近岸海域富营养化形势分析 近岸海域富营养化是我国沿海主要环境问题之一 适当的氮磷营养物输入对生物多样性和生态系统生产力有着积极的作用.但是过量的氮磷输入会导致水体无机营养盐浓度超标及水体富营养化.据2001-2007年中国近岸海域环境质量公报,近年来我国近岸海域无机营养盐(无机氮和活性磷酸盐)超标非常普遍. 相似文献
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有效选择重点监控区并对其进行长期监测是赤潮预警系统建立的关键。本文研究海南岛近岸海域赤潮发生历史记录,分析不同区域赤潮发生频次、规模、危害程度及原因种毒性,提取赤潮发生的综合信息,评价区域赤潮的严重程度;同时分析近岸海域的营养盐状况及水体的扩散能力,评价水体的富营养程度;利用GIS手段,判断海南岛近岸海域赤潮易发程度,即识别赤潮高发区、赤潮易发区及潜在赤潮发生区。再结合近岸海域环境功能区划,有效划定了赤潮重点监控区,赤潮防控区及赤潮预警区。进一步结合现场大面调查数据对重点监控区进行分级,提高了赤潮的有效监控和预警。 相似文献
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1985~2003年渤海湾水质氮磷生源要素的历史演变趋势分析 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
通过对渤海湾表层海水生源要素的现场调查以及相应历史数据的收集和分析,对渤海湾生源要素的现状、历史演变趋势以及富营养化状态等进行了分析和研究.结果表明,渤海湾表层海水处于较为严重的氮污染状态.北塘口、大沽口是渤海湾无机氮、磷的2大污染源.DIN、DIP的历史演变趋势与人海径流量息息相关,尤其是大沽口近岸海域,DIN、DIP与人海年径流量呈现显著正相关性,显示了渤海湾无机氮、磷污染的陆源输入性.受渤海湾天津近岸海域无机氮含量持续增长的影响,1985~2003年期间,渤海湾天津近岸海域氮、磷营养盐结构发生了很大变化,从1985年的"氮限制"状态转变为"磷限制"状态,这将对这一海域浮游植物群落结构的变化造成重要影响. 相似文献
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本研究采用2019年渤海四个季节表层的氮磷营养盐数据,对渤海氮磷营养盐浓度、N/P和富营养化状况的季节变化进行了分析和评价。结果表明:DIN和PO4-P的季节分布明显不同,DIN平均浓度表现为秋季最高、冬季和春季次之、夏季最低的季节分布特征,而PO4-P平均浓度最高值出现在秋季,其他季节浓度相近;空间分布上,DIN及各组分(NH4-N除外)均呈现近岸高、中部低的空间分布,受河流输入影响显著,虽然在近岸海域如辽河口出现PO4-P的高值区,但PO4-P各季节分布变化较大,并在秋、冬季节出现渤海中部浓度升高的情况,可能是受陆源输入和海洋中磷的内源循环的共同影响;同一季节近岸海域N/P远高于近海海域,渤海近岸海域呈现显著的磷限制,近海海域由于出现大片N/P小于16的区域,可能出现潜在氮限制的现象;富营养化指数(EI)结果显示,渤海富营养化区域主要集中在辽河口,该海域常年为中度富营养化区域,过量的DIN是富营养化的主要原因。 相似文献
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利用2006至2010年监测结果和统计资料,评价广西茅尾海近5年富营养化状况,分析富营养化变化与钦州市人口、地区生产总值(GDP)、入海污染物结构、河流入海污染物之间的关系,探讨近年来茅尾海富营养化不断加重的原因,并针对性的提出该海域富营养化的综合防治对策。结果表明近5年茅尾海富营养化程度显逐渐加重的趋势,到2010年茅尾海富营养化程度很严重,河口附近富营养化明显。近5年钦州市人口和经济急剧增长引起的入海污染物不断增加是茅尾海富营养化程度加重的主要原因,尤其以磷酸盐的增加对海湾富营养化及赤潮现象的影响最为显著。因而茅尾海富营养化的综合防治应注重对钦江和茅岭江流域的综合整治以及海湾周边入海污染源的管理,加强污水的脱磷处理等。 相似文献
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Water quality in rivers is vital to humans and to maintenance of biotic and ecological integrity. During the Four Major Rivers restoration of South Korea, remarkable attempts have been made to decrease external nutrient loads and moveable weirs were designed to discharge silt that may deposit in pools. However, recently eutrophication of the Nakdong River, which was limited to the lower reaches, is seen to be spreading upstream. The reduction of external nutrient loads to rivers is a long-term goal that is unlikely to lead to reductions in algal blooms for many years because of the time required to implement effective land management strategies. It would therefore be desirable to implement complementary strategies. Regulating the amount of water released is effective at preventing algae blooms in weir pools; so, the relationship between discharge, stratification and bloom formation should be understood in this regard. However, pollutants are likely to accumulate in the riverbed upstream from release points. Thus, to control phosphorus levels, total phosphorus density should be lowered by applying in-river techniques as well. As many ecosystem properties are controlled by multiple processes, simultaneous river bottom improvement techniques, such as combined dissolved oxygen supply and nutrient inactivation, are likely to be effective. The purpose of this review is to present a series of technological approaches that can be used to improve the river bottom area and hence sediment nutrient release, and to illustrate the application of these techniques to the Nakdong River. 相似文献
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Mini-review on river eutrophication and bottom improvement techniques, with special emphasis on the Nakdong River 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Water quality in rivers is vital to humans and to maintenance of biotic and ecological integrity.During the Four Major Rivers restoration of South Korea, remarkable attempts have been made to decrease external nutrient loads and moveable weirs were designed to discharge silt that may deposit in pools. However, recently eutrophication of the Nakdong River, which was limited to the lower reaches, is seen to be spreading upstream. The reduction of external nutrient loads to rivers is a long-term goal that is unlikely to lead to reductions in algal blooms for many years because of the time required to implement effective land management strategies. It would therefore be desirable to implement complementary strategies. Regulating the amount of water released is effective at preventing algae blooms in weir pools; so, the relationship between discharge, stratification and bloom formation should be understood in this regard. However, pollutants are likely to accumulate in the riverbed upstream from release points. Thus, to control phosphorus levels, total phosphorus density should be lowered by applying in-river techniques as well. As many ecosystem properties are controlled by multiple processes, simultaneous river bottom improvement techniques, such as combined dissolved oxygen supply and nutrient inactivation, are likely to be effective. The purpose of this review is to present a series of technological approaches that can be used to improve the river bottom area and hence sediment nutrient release, and to illustrate the application of these techniques to the Nakdong River. 相似文献
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Three-dimensional unstructured-mesh eutrophication model and its application to the Xiangxi River, China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The Xiangxi River is one of the main tributaries in the Three Gorges reservoir, with the shortest distance to the Three Gorges Project Dam. Severe and frequent algal bloom events have occurred frequently in the Xiangxi River in recent years. Therefore, the current study develops a three-dimensional unstructured-mesh model to investigate the dynamic process of algal bloom. The developed model comprises three modules, namely, hydrodynamics, nutrient cycles, and phytoplankton ecological dynamics. A number of factors, including hydrodynamic condition, nutrient concentration, temperature, and light illumination, that would affect the evolution of phytoplankton were considered. Moreover, the wave equation was used to solve the free surface fluctuations and vertical Z-coordinates with adjustable layered thicknesses. These values, in turn, are suitable for solving the algal bloom problems that occurred in the river style reservoir that has a complex boundary and dramatically changing hydrodynamic conditions. The comparisons between the modeling results and field data of years 2007 and 2008 indicate that the developed model is capable of simulating the algal bloom process in the Xiangxi River with reasonable accuracy. However, hydrodynamic force and external pollution loads affect the concentrations of nutrients, which, along with the underwater light intensity, could consequently affect phytoplankton evolution. Thus, flow velocity cannot be ignored in the analysis of river algal bloom. Based on the modeling results, building an impounding reservoir and increasing the releasing discharge at appropriate times are effective ways for controlling algal bloom. 相似文献
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香溪河库湾底泥营养盐释放规律初探 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
受水库调度带来的扰动影响,河道型水库支流库湾河口底泥营养盐释放为水体富营养化和水华暴发增加了风险。文章通过在香溪河库湾河口采集底泥和水样,室内模拟扰动条件下,藻类外吸收源、扰动及底泥-水界面浓度梯度对底泥营养盐释放的影响。结果表明:扰动及外吸收源并存时,底泥氮磷释放量增大;扰动作用对磷释放影响较底泥-水界面浓度梯度弱,但对氮释放影响较底泥-水界面浓度梯度影响大;底泥释磷量随底泥-水界面浓度梯度升高而增大,释氮量则受其影响较小。三峡水库泄水和水华暴发、藻类大量繁殖将促进香溪河库湾底泥营养盐释放。 相似文献
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南水北调中线工程对汉江中下游水华的影响及对策研究(Ⅰ)——汉江水华发生的关键因子分析 总被引:14,自引:1,他引:14
为了评估南水北调中线工程对汉江中下游水华的影响,在广泛现场监测、资料收集、调查论证工作的基础上,应用水动力学模型和富营养化动力学模型对汉江水华发生的成因和关键因子进行了分析。汉江水华发生的主要原因有3个:汉江中游进入城区的排污量日趋增大,藻类等生物所需的氮、磷等营养物质严重过量(此乃根本原因);汉江水枯同时长江水位增高使汉江流速变缓,产生类似于湖泊的水流特性;春季气温偏高。在已满足藻类生长需求的营养条件下,流量和流速是制约汉江水华发生的关键(敏感)因子,南水北调中线工程对汉江中下游水华的影响将主要体现在水文因子上。 相似文献
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城市湖库蓝藻水华形成机理综合建模研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
蓝藻水华形成是诸多营养及环境因素相互作用的结果,因此,本文对城市湖库蓝藻水华形成(包括复苏、萌芽、生长、暴发阶段)这一复杂生态过程进行了综合建模研究.通过在阳光房中模拟湖库蓝藻水华形成过程,采用正交实验分析获得蓝藻生长的关键影响因素,并为蓝藻水华形成机理建模提供相应参量.在此基础上,构建了用于模拟湖库蓝藻水华形成过程的蓝藻生长机理模型,采用遗传算法对机理模型中涉及的参数进行优化率定;同时,考虑蓝藻水华暴发阶段具有突变特性,建立了描述蓝藻水华暴发状态的尖点突变模型,进而构建了城市湖库蓝藻水华形成各阶段的综合机理模型.实验仿真结果表明,该综合机理模型能较好地模拟城市湖库蓝藻从复苏到暴发整个过程的变化规律,且该模型结合了数学机理建模和智能方法的优势,克服了单一蓝藻水华机理模型的缺陷,为湖库蓝藻水华形成机理的深入研究提供了新思路. 相似文献
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近年来,渤、黄海海域呈现溶解氧浓度降低并导致季节性低氧的特征,对海洋生态环境形成潜在危害。在此背景下,本文基于2011年6月(低氧形成期)和2011年11-12月初(低氧消亡期)在渤、黄海的观测数据,通过分析水体表观耗氧量(AOU)、pH、溶解无机碳(DIC)及营养盐之间的相关关系,探讨了生源要素在低氧形成期与消亡期的变化特征及主要控制机制。结果表明,生物的光合作用与有机物的降解过程是调控低氧事件前后渤海生源要素变化的主要因素之一,而黄海底层水体有机物的降解过程是调控水体溶解氧浓度及营养盐浓度变化的主要原因之一。 相似文献