化学链燃烧分离CO2技术的研究进展

简要介绍了化学链燃烧分离CO2技术的原理和关键部分,接着以技术要点中的载氧体为重点,介绍了固体燃料（煤）化学链燃烧分离CO2技术中载氧体的研究进展,并就钙基载氧体能否适应化学链燃烧展开了讨论。     

加压酸浸法提取粉煤灰中的Al2O3和Fe2O3

采用加压酸浸法提取粉煤灰中的A12O3和Fe2O3.实验研究了粉煤灰粒径、硫酸质量分数、反应时间、反应温度对粉煤灰中Al2O3和Fe2O3浸取率的影响,并通过SEM对粉煤灰酸浸前后的形貌进行了分析.实验结果表明,当粉煤灰粒径为75μm、硫酸质量分数为50％、反应温度为180℃、反应时间为4h时,粉煤灰中的Al2O3浸取率可达82.4％,Fe2O3浸取率为76.1％,经酸浸后粉煤灰的剩余率为72.4％.     

BaO/γ-Al2O3同时吸附脱除一氧化氮和二氧化硫

利用固定床连续流动反应器研究了BaO／γ—Al2O，同时吸附模拟烟气中NO和SO2的工艺条件和再生循环使用性能，对BaO／γ—Al2O3进行了比表面积和程序升温表面反应（TPSR）等表征分析。结果表明，BaO／γ—Al2O3的适宜工艺条件是SO2与NO体积比为2．9～8．4、原料气中O2体积分数大于4．5％、吸附温度448～523K。BaO／γ—Al2O3在循环使用过程中吸附能力下降。与NOXSO吸附催化剂Na2CO3／γ—Al2O3相比，BaO／γ-Al2O3同时吸附SO2和NO的能力大、再生循环使用性能好、适宜的SO2与NO体积比范围宽、热稳定性好。将BaO／γ—Al2O3应用于NOXSO工艺可望提高该工艺的脱硫、脱氮效率。     

新型二氯甲烷催化燃烧催化剂的性能

采用浸渍法制备了陶瓷负载型V2O5／Al2O3和Cr2O3／Al2O3催化剂，考察了两种催化剂对CH2Cl2的催化燃烧性能。实验结果表明，在进气CH2Cl2质量浓度为800—2400mg／m^3时，V2O3／Al2O3催化剂在400℃时可使CH2Cl2去除率达到95％以上，Cr2O3／Al2O3催化剂在340℃时可使CH2Cl2的去除率达到99％以上。Cr2O3／Al2O3催化剂的活性高于V2O3／Al2O3催化剂。催化剂的活性随温度的升高而提高，随进气CH2Cl2质量浓度的增加而降低。100h稳定性实验结果表明，这两种催化剂均具有较好的稳定性。     

Ceo2/ACFP催化剂低温选择性催化还原NO

采用介质阻挡放电低温氧等离子体技术进行表面改性的活性碳纤维（ACFP）为载体，进行CeO2／ACFP催化剂低温选择性催化还原（SCR）NO的研究。实验结果表明，ACF先经过低温氧等离子体技术进行表面改性后再负载CeO2，能明显提高对NO的去除率。在NO体积分数为1×10^-3、NH3体积分数为2×10^-3、O2体积分数为5％、Ar作为平衡气、反应温度为120—240℃的条件下，较理想的CeO2负载量（质量分数）为9％；在180℃用9％CeO2／ACFP为催化剂时，NO去除率为86．01％。     

阳离子聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂的制备及其絮凝性能

研究了丙烯酰胺（AM）与丙烯酰氧乙基三甲皋氯化铵共聚反应制备阳离子聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂的工艺。实验结果表明，最佳聚合条件：pH6．0、（NH4）2S2O8和CH3NaO3S·2H2O总质量分数0．0125％、（NH4）：S2O8与CH3NaO3S·2H2O质量比1．0、偶氮类化合物质量分数0．0125％、单体质量分数（AM和阳离子单体总质量占整个反应体系的质量分数）35％、阳离子度（阳离子单体占AM和阳离子单体之和的质量分数）30％、反应温度25℃。在最佳条件下，所得阳离子聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂的特性黏数为13．8535dl／g，在其加入量为0．027％的条件下处理污泥，上层清液透光率达99．6％，污泥脱水率达90．5％。并用红外光谱对阳离子聚丙烯酰胺的结构进行了表征。     

钯离子液相催化氧化低浓度磷化氢

采用Pd^2＋液相催化氧化低浓度PH3，考察了Pd^2＋浓度、O2体积分数、PH3质量浓度、混合气流量、反应温度等因素对Pd^2＋吸收液去除低浓度PH3效果的影响。实验结果表明，采用10mL Pd^2＋浓度为0．112mol／L的水溶液作为吸收液净化含低浓度PH3的混合气，在反应温度22℃、O2体积分数5％、PH3质量浓度850mg／m^3、混合气流量190mL／min的条件下，印min之内PH3去除率保持在90％以上。Pd^2＋浓度越高、O2体积分数越大、反应温度越高，PH3去除率越高；混合气流量越大，PH3去除率越低；反应温度越低、O2体积分数越大，PH3去除率的下降速率越小。     

微波诱导催化剂Fe2O3-CeO2/γ-Al2O3的制备及其对甲基橙的催化降解性能

采用分层浸渍法制备了微波诱导催化剂Fe2O3-CeO2／γ—Al2O3。采用X射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电镜（SEM）等方法对所制备的催化剂进行了表征。以甲基橙为目标降解物，考察了该催化剂在微波诱导氧化工艺（MIOP）中的催化活性。实验结果表明，在微波输出功率为450W、催化剂加入量为10g/L的条件下，处理50mL质量浓度为25mg／L的甲基橙溶液，微波照射处理3min后，甲基橙溶液的脱色率达93．6％。     

亚甲基蓝褪色催化动力学光度法测定痕量Cu^2＋

研究了在聚乙二醇-200（PEG-200）活化下，Cu^2＋催化H2O2氧化亚甲基蓝的褪色反应，建立了亚甲基蓝褪色催化动力学光度法测定痕量Cu^2＋的方法。在25mL容量瓶中，加入1．00mL pH为11．68的氨水溶液、2．00mLH2O2溶液（质量分数15％）、1．00mL亚甲基蓝溶液（质量浓度0．20mg／mL）、3．00mL PEG～200溶液，76℃恒温反应5min后冷却，测定吸光度，根据加Cu^2＋溶液和不加Cu^2＋溶液的吸光度差值与Cu^2＋质量浓度绘制了工作曲线，并由试样的吸光度差值确定痕量Cu^＋含量。该法的测定波长为664nm，检出限为5．4×10^-6 g／L，最大相对标准偏差为2．58％，回收率为97．5％～104．5％。     

聚合硅酸硫酸铝铁的制备与应用

在n(Fe A1)／n(Si)为0．5～1．0、n(Al)／n(Fe)为2．5～3．0、SiO2质量分数为2．3％、硅酸钠溶液的活化pH为5．5、硅酸钠溶液的活化时间为12min或SiO2的质量分数为2．0％、硅酸钠溶液的活化pH为6．0、硅酸钠溶液的活化时间为3min的条件下，制备出的聚合硅酸硫酸铝铁对废水的除浊效果最佳，除浊率大于98％。     

Chemical looping combustion (CLC) of municipal solid waste (MSW)

Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) has been found to be a better alternative in converting Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) to energy and has the potential to reduce the generation of dioxins due to the inhibition of the de-novo synthesis of dioxins. This study comprehensively reviews the experimental studies of CLC of MSW, the oxygen carriers, reactor types, performance evaluation, and ash interaction studies. Modeling and simulation studies of CLC of MSW were also critically presented. Plastic waste is MSW’s most studied non-biomass component in MSW under CLC conditions. This is because CLC has been shown to reduce the emission of dioxins and furans, which are normally emitted during the conventional combustion of plastics. From the several oxygen carriers tested with MSW’s CLC, alkaline earth metals (AEM) modified iron ore was the most effective for reducing dioxin emissions, improving combustion efficiency and carbon conversion. Also, oxygen carriers with supports were more reactive than single carriers and CaSO₄/Fe₂O₃ and CaSO₄ in silica sol had the highest oxygen transport ability. Though XRD analysis and thermodynamic calculations of the reacted oxygen carriers yielded diverse results due to software computation constraints, modified iron ore produced less HCl and heavy metal chlorides compared to iron ore and ilmenite. However, alkali silicates, a significant cause of fouling, were observed instead. The best reactor configuration for the CLC of MSW is the fluidized bed reactor, because it is easy to obtain high and homogeneous solid–gas mass transfer. Future research should focus on the development of improved oxygen carriers that can sustain reactivity after several cycles, as well as the system’s techno-economic feasibility.

     

NiO-CuO/ZSM-5催化剂对催化裂化烟气的脱硫脱硝性能

采用浸渍法制备了不同NiO和CuO质量分数的NiO-CuO/ZSM-5催化剂，并以CH4为还原剂研究了NiO-CuO/ZSM-5催化剂对催化裂化烟气的脱硫脱硝活性。XRD分析结果表明，NiO质量分数为4%、CuO质量分数为6%的催化剂4%NiO-6%CuO/ZSM-5中的ZSM-5结构完好，CuO和NiO高度分散在ZSM-5骨架中，表明具有较好的催化活性。4%NiO-6%CuO/ZSM-5的脱硫脱硝起活温度均较低，无氧条件下最高NO转化率和SO2转化率分别为94.7%和95.9%，O2体积分数为1.0%时的NO转化率和SO2转化率分别为97.7%和89.0%。     

从含铬铝泥中回收铝的新工艺

采用"打浆水洗除Cr(Ⅵ)—电渗析除Cr(Ⅵ)—碱浸提铝—碳酸化分解法精制Al_2O_3"的新工艺处理含铬铝泥(以下简称铝泥),并回收Al_2O_3。实验结果表明:铝泥在70℃下经3次打浆水洗后,w(Na_2CrO_4)(以干铝泥计)降至5.0%;采用电渗析除Cr(Ⅵ)工艺可有效去除铝泥中以结合态和结晶态形式存在的Na_2CrO_4,在55 V直流电压下电渗析6h后铝泥中的w(Na_2CrO_4)降至0.98%;在碱浸温度为100℃、碱浸时间为3 h、NaOH质量浓度为150 g/L的优化碱浸条件下,铝浸出率(以Al_2O_3计)高达90.0%;经3次碳酸化分解处理后,Al_2O_3产品的纯度达98.65%,满足GB/T 24487-2009《氧化铝》中的一级标准,Al_2O_3回收率为96.37%。     

用Fe3+掺杂锐钛矿型TiO2光催化剂降解孔雀石绿

以硫酸钛为原料,用水热法制备了Fe3+掺杂锐钛矿型TiO2(Fe3+ - TiO2)粉末,用扫描电子显微镜测定了试样的形貌.研究了自制的Fe3+ - TiO,光催化剂对孔雀石绿的光催化降解作用.实验结果表明,在孔雀石绿溶液质量浓度为2 mg/L、Fe3+ - TiO2加入量为1.616 g/L、Fe3+-TiO2中Fe...     

Recovery of nickel oxide from spent catalyst

This study investigates the possibility of recovering nickel from the spent catalyst (NiO/Al2O3) resulting from the steam reforming process to produce water gas (H2/H2O) in many industries. In the extraction process, nickel is recovered as sulfate using sulfuric acid as a solvent. The considered parameters affecting nickel recovery were acid concentration, temperature and time of digestion solid:liquid ratio, particle size and stirring rate. Nickel was to be directly recovered as a sulfate salt by direct crystallization method. The conversion was 99% at 50% sulfuric acid concentration, solid: liquid ratio (1:12) by weight, particle size less than 500 micron for more than 5 h and 800 rpm at 100 degrees C.     

不同溶样方法测定石灰石多组分含量的研究

采用铂金坩蜗熔融、银坩埚熔融和盐酸直接溶解方法测定了石灰石中多组分的含量。并同时使用ICP测定石灰石中SiO2、Al2O3、Fe2O3的成分。研究结果表明：在测定石灰石中CaO、MgO和Fe2O3含量时，采用盐酸直接溶解方法，具有方法简单、分析快速的优点，且准确度能达到要求；在测定石灰石中CaO、MgO、SiO2、Al2O3，和Fe2O3含量时，采用银坩埚代替铂金坩埚熔样，具有成本低的优点，且准确度亦能达到要求；采用ICP测定标准石灰石样的SiO2、Al2O3和Fe2O3组分具有快速、简单和准确度高的特点。     

Experimental and kinetic modeling of oxygen-enriched air combustion of municipal solid waste

The characteristics of oxygen-enriched air combustion of raw municipal solid waste (MSW) were studied by thermogravimetric analysis. Experiments on oxidative pyrolysis of MSW were carried out under different atmospheres (N(2), N(2):O(2)=7:3, N(2):O(2)=5:5, N(2):O(2)=4:6, and N(2):O(2)=2:8) at 30 degrees C/min. Two distinct peaks of weight loss were obtained according to the derivative thermogravimetric curves; one of them is centered on 305 degrees C with about 40% weight loss, and the second is centered on 420 degrees C with about 20% weight loss. Effects of oxygen concentration on the decomposition process and char combustion were analyzed, and then the process of oxygen-enriched air combustion of MSW was divided into four steps. Kinetic parameters were observed by direct non-linear regressions. According to the obtained data, the apparent activation energy and reaction order decreases along with the combustion process, while that of char combustion increases as oxygen concentration increases.     

Bi/Fe_3O_4催化NaBH_4还原水中对硝基苯酚

以磁性Fe_3O_4为载体负载Bi(NO_3)_3,再用NaBH_4还原Bi~(3+)制备了Bi/Fe_3O_4催化剂。采用XRD和紫外-可见光谱对催化剂进行表征。考察了Bi负载量、NaBH_4加入量和Bi/Fe_3O_4加入量对Bi/Fe_3O_4催化NaBH_4还原对硝基苯酚(4-NP)效果的影响。表征结果显示:当催化剂中Bi含量较少时,Bi分散良好;当Bi含量较多时,会形成纳米颗粒。实验结果表明:当反应温度为25℃,初始4-NP浓度为4.0 mmol/L时,在Bi负载量为5%(w)、Bi/Fe_3O_4催化剂加入量为500 mg/L,NaBH_4加入量为6.0 g/L的条件下,反应速率常数为0.581 min~(-1),4-NP的去除率为99.7%;Bi/Fe_3O_4催化剂稳定性好,重复使用15次后,活性基本不变。