聚酯废料的综合利用

辽化对聚酯和涤纶生产线产生的废聚酯切片和废涤纶丝采用综合利用的处理方法,建了一套涤纶短纤维再生装置,废料和废丝经过预处理、结晶、干燥、纺丝、卷绕、热定型等一系列的工艺过程,制成涤纶短纤维。从1986年1月至1988年12月,共回收涤纶短纤维5619吨,创产值2857万元,获利润663.5万元。采用该法处理此类废料,环境效益显著,经济效益可观.     

从胶片生产废料中回收银

介绍了从涂布废水,废胶片、废乳剂中回收银的工艺流程,叙述了工业试验出现的问题和采取的措施。工业试验结果表明,对从上述３种废料中得到的湿银泥,采用培烧－置换－铸锭工艺回收银,回收率大于９９％,产品银锭的纯度大于９９．９％。     

利用锌渣等工业废料生产七水硫酸锌

介绍一种利用锌渣等工业废料生产七水硫酸锌的方法和原理。该法具有工艺简单、操作谁、投资、成本低、消除环境污染、经济效益显著等优点，产品质量各项指标均达到国际标准。     

草酸钴废料协同浸出水钴矿中的钴和铜

利用草酸钴废料协同浸出水钴矿中的钴和铜,考察了工艺条件对浸出率的影响,并推荐了一种二段浸出及后续生产草酸钴的工艺流程。实验结果表明,在草酸钴废料与水钴矿的质量比为20%、反应时间为120 min、反应温度为85 ℃、初始H2SO4浓度为1.00 mol/L、液固比为4 mL/g的最佳工艺条件下,钴和铜的浸出率分别达到98.82%和96.24%。该工艺应用于水钴矿的还原浸出,在回收利用草酸钴废料的同时,降低了还原剂的消耗,且对浸出液后续处理工艺无影响。     

含银废料中银的化学法回收的研究

介绍了一种简便实用的含银废料中银回收的化学方法,本法具有工艺简便操作安全、技术条件易控制、污染小、适用性广和经济效益显著等优点.     

大型氨厂工艺冷凝液的处理

针对目前国内大型氨厂在工艺冷凝液处理上存在的问题,介绍了国外近几年开发并应用于工业大生产中的两种新方法——中压蒸汽汽提法和天然气饱和法,并介绍了其工艺特点,主要设备和设计计算方法。     

回收PTA废料生产增塑剂

介绍了扬子石化公司ＰＴＡ生产过程中所排各种废料的分离提纯及回收利用，对难以回收的氧化残渣的分离回收和利用作了重点论述。提供了用所回收的ＴＡ和混合苯二甲本乡生产剂的工艺流程和工艺参数。     

高浓度有机废水处理技术

系统介绍了国内外各种高浓度有机废水物化和生物处理技术的工艺、原理，对其适用条件、优缺点、功效和应用前景进行了分析与探讨，并结合我国高浓度有机废水排放现状，提出了治理技术的研究重点是厌氧生物法。     

废聚氨酯的综合利用

介绍了废旧聚氨酯材料的材料回收、化学回收和能量回收的三种方法,比较了它们的优缺点.指出,从产前的投入看,材料的直接回收利用法较好;但从最终产品的使用性能看,还是化学回收法中的醇解、碱解和水解较好;能量回收法不适合PU废料的利用.     

污泥减量化技术研究进展

针对当前日益突出的污泥处理处置难等问题,分别从物理法、化学法和生物法等方面阐述了当前污泥减量化技术的研究发展现状,介绍了各种工艺的基本原理、特点和存在的问题.结合国内外污泥减量化技术的研究进展,提出了未来污泥减量化技术的发展方向.     

垃圾焚烧中抑制二恶英二次生成的方法探讨

根据生活垃圾焚烧技术中二恶英的生成机理,余热锅炉的烟气在低温区急冷可以避免二恶英在低温区的再次合成,但目前在余热锅炉烟气低温区急冷是不可行的。提出一种从垃圾焚烧系统设计上进行烟气的急冷,从而抑制二恶英低温区二次生成的新方法。     

基于Mn-Ce/TiO2的低温选择性催化还原NO研究

采用浸渍法制备了Mn-Ce/TiO2催化剂,考察了不同Ce含量、温度、O2浓度、NH3/NO比对催化剂活性的影响。结果表明,Mn-Ce/TiO2催化剂具有较好的低温SCR活性。     

A new method for evaluating the sewage sludge pyrolysis kinetics

A new method to simplify calculation the kinetics model is applied to sewage sludge pyrolysis based on the assumption that volatile run out as soon as it formed and during temperature arising process in this study. Difference method widely used to solve math problems is conducted to calculate kinetics parameters. Pyrolysis experiments are carried out at heating rates of 10, 15, 20, and 50 °C/min. All the TG curves are divided into three parts which are beginning decomposition temperature range, main decomposition temperature range, and final decomposition temperature range. The second one is employed to determine the parameters for more than 70% of the total mass loss occurs in this range. According to the developed method, the react order, reaction energy and pre-exponential factor are obtained, which are in the range of 3.9–4.1, 82.3–109.2 kJ/mol and 7.7 × 10⁶–2.8 × 10⁹/min, respectively, which are in the range of that reported previously. As a comparison experimental data with calculated data, the well fitting results indicate that this method is appropriate for simulating sludge pyrolysis kinetics.     

乙二醇生产废水中特征污染物含量的测定

建立了气相色谱(氢火焰离子化检测器)检测乙二醇生产废水中乙二醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇含量的新方法。该方法采用HP-FFAP型毛细管色谱柱,优化的色谱条件为:进样口温度230℃,初始柱温50℃,载气流量1.0mL/min,分流比1∶1。在质量浓度为1.0~150.0mg/L范围内,废水中各组分色谱峰面积与浓度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数均在0.9989~0.9996之间;相对标准偏差均小于2.0％;乙二醇、二乙二醇、三乙二醇的最低检出限分别为0.63,0.21,0.25mg/L,加标回收率为97.72％~103.52％。     

Effects of air flow directions on composting process temperature profile

In this study, chicken manure mixed with carnation wastes was composted by using three different air flow directions: R1-sucking (downward), R2-blowing (upward) and R3-mixed. The aim was to find out the most appropriate air flow direction type for composting to provide more homogenous temperature distribution in the reactors. The efficiency of each aeration method was evaluated by monitoring the evolution of parameters such as temperature, moisture content, CO(2) and O(2) ratio in the material and dry material losses. Aeration of the reactors was managed by radial fans. The results showed that R3 resulted in a more homogenous temperature distribution and high dry material loss throughout the composting process. The most heterogeneous temperature distribution and the lowest dry material loss were obtained in R2.     

新型负载型光催化剂的制备及其光催化活性研究

以硝酸钙和磷酸为原料,采用均匀沉淀法制备了羟基磷灰石(HAP);以HAP为载体,采用浸渍-提拉法制得负载型光催化剂TiO2／HAP,并用其对酸性媒介红B进行光催化氧化实验;探讨了HAP煅烧温度和TiO2负载量对TiO2／HAP光催化活性的影响,并利用XRD、FT—IR和TEM对载体及TiO2／HAP催化剂进行了表征。实验结果表明,煅烧温度、TiO2负载量对HAP吸附性能及催化活性有较大的影响;TiO2／HAP的催化活性明显优于TiO2／玻片的催化活性。     

温和的高温高压条件对磺化沥青可生物降解性的影响

在氮气氛围下,采用温和的高温高压对模拟磺化沥青废水进行预处理,考察了预处理时间、温度和压力对磺化沥青可生物降解性的影响,得出最佳工艺条件为预处理时间40 min,预处理温度220 ℃,预处理压力7 MPa,采用最佳条件预处理后的磺化沥青废水经活性污泥处理后,COD去除率达80.0%,COD_B/COD为0.82,一级反应速率常数达0.123 5 h^-1。对预处理前后磺化沥青的表征结果显示,经高温高压处理后的磺化沥青主要成分仍是烷烃和芳香族化合物等,但发生了脱磺水解反应,长链烷烃和苯系物的含量大幅下降,低分子量直链烷烃含量升高。     

基于TiO2载体的锰铈系低温SCR脱硝催化剂研究进展

开发低温、高活性、高抗硫抗水性能的选择性催化还原(SCR)脱硝催化剂已成为国内外的研究热点。综述了基于TiO2载体的锰铈系低温脱硝催化剂的脱硝性能,探讨了助剂掺杂改性、制备方法、反应条件等对催化剂脱硝性能的影响,总结了现有低温脱硝催化剂的技术难点,指出SCR催化剂的研究需要着重考虑以下几方面:深入研究催化剂的反应机理和中毒机理;研究催化剂的循环再生;探究拓宽催化剂温度窗口,使其适应不同的温度条件。     

Novel fry-drying method for the treatment of sewage sludge

The purpose of this study is to introduce an efficient drying method named “fry-drying technology” for the treatment of sewage sludge. The basic principle of this method lies in the rapid escape of moisture from sludge material through its pores into the oil medium driven by the strong pressure gradient formed between sludge and oil media. This beneficial pressure distribution for moisture transfer can be established by the subtle combination of the difference of physical properties of specific heat and boiling temperature between water and oil. In order to determine the physical characteristics of this fry-drying technology, a series of experiments were performed in which important parameters, such as heating oil temperature, drying time, oil type, and sludge size, were varied. Numerical calculations using a single solid spherical particle model without any porosity were used to resolve the particle size effect associated with sludge drying.     

萃取浓缩-薄涂柱气相色谱法测定煤焦油废水中的联苯和菲

用苯萃取浓缩煤焦油废水中的联苯和菲，然后用薄涂柱气相色谱法进行测定。试验表明：该法具有色谱柱温低、快速、准确等特点。