刍议护理临床教师理想的角色模式

通过对162名实习护生问卷调查对临床带教老师的评价,14.2%的护生认为带教老师的自身素质有待提高;19.3%的护生评价带教老师在指导护生应用护理程序方面存在不足;13.4%的护生认为临床教师对待护生态度方面很一般,缺乏耐心.从而得出树立理想的带教老师角色模式,有利于融洽师生关系,促进职业情感化,激发护生的主动性,增强自信心,提高教学效果和实习质量.以达到从护生角度探讨护理临床教师的理想角色模式得目的.     

基于工学结合的《园林建筑施工技术》课程标准研究

工学结合人才培养模式要求高等职业院校在构建课程标准时以工作过程为导向、工作任务引领驱动，以职业综合能力培养为目的，通过课程标准的构建代替以往课程大纲的作用和地位．以湖南环境生物职业技术学院为个案，对园林工程技术专业《园林建筑施工技术》课程标准构建进行了研究和分析，突出对学生职业技能的培养，充分反映高职教育培养目标．表4，参5.     

高职院校学生职业能力培养研究的意义

虽然教育部在中等职业教育的培养目标中就提出了“综合职业能力”这个概念,且各类职业学校对如何培养学生综合职业能力也做了一些探索,但由于综合职业能力培养毕竟是近几年世界职教界研究的新课题,对我国职业教育实践来说更是全新的理论,因而对其进行研究具有理论和实践上的意义.参7.     

石斛气生的兰科菌根组织结构及其对御旱研究

基于过去对铁皮石斛（Dendrobium candidum Wall．Ex Lindl．）气生的兰科菌根适应干旱环境胁迫机理的研究鲜为涉及,现开展了培养基质的不同水分质量分数（W（水）1=43．6％、16．8％、5．5％）对兰科菌根的外部形态以及内部组织结构影响的研究。研究结果表明：基质水分质量分数降低使石斛菌根外部形态发生多样变化;随着基质水分质量分数的不断降低,石斛的生长受到显著的抑制。当基质水分质量分数为5．5％时,石斛的多数生长指标均小于其它处理,但是根冠比（R／S）增加显著,高达2．22;通过不同切片多重镜检测定和图像分析,发现菌根的形态结构产生了天然的适应突变,独特的根被组织细胞层数多达5层以上,细胞壁相对加厚,细胞腔内网、羽状结构比其它两处理明显增多,石斛菌根通过形态结构的改变来适应水分胁迫并维持其生长发育,石斛菌根组织结构的这些改变大大提高了石斛御旱的能力;水分质量分数高低与菌根感染率呈负相关,越是干旱条件菌根真菌繁衍越活跃,菌丝团结构相持时间越长,菌根的这些适应性响应都提高了石斛的抗旱能力。     

给水工程课程教学方法的探讨

《给水工程》是给排水工程技术专业的一门专业核心课程．根据《给水工程》课程的特点、作用,以如何培养学生更好掌握给水工程的基础理论知识、设计能力,提高学生的实践能力和综合素质为目的,探讨了《给水工程》的教学方法．参5．     

降解褐煤菌种选育及降解产物研究

通过对分离自洗煤厂的一株青霉菌进行人工诱变,选育出一株具有较强降解褐煤能力的突变株．将褐煤加到平板培养的该菌株上,经过３６ ｈ 开始被降解．将该菌株用摇瓶培养３ ｄ ,其培养液也能降解褐煤．元素分析结果表明,降解物中 Ｈ、 Ｏ、 Ｎ 的元素质量分数（ ｗ／ ％ ） 比原煤均有所升高,而ｗ（ Ｃ）／ ％ 明显下降．降解产物的经验分子式可写为 Ｃ１００ Ｈ１４４ Ｏ５８ ．２ Ｎ１０ ．０ Ｓ１ ．１８ ,经凝胶过滤法测,定其 Ｍｒ 分布在（２ ～８） ×１０４ 之间; 其红外吸收光谱与原煤相比也有一定的变化． 这些结果说明生物降解过程中褐煤的组成和结构发生了一定的变化     

浅谈高校后进学生的成因及转化对策

在高校扩招、并轨的大背景下，高校为实现自身发展的最大效益化，许多新生专业在市场经济的催化下孕育而生，然而在专业发展的过程中由于专业设置的不明确化、教学管理的不够规范，师资力量薄弱、指导不到住，造成高校学生缺乏学习兴趣及学习动力，后进学生比例逐年增加，为此如何正视后进学生存在的客观现实及如何教育转化后进学生的学习状态、帮助他们树立专业信心，成为教育工作者必须研究的课题之一的同时也成为提高人才培养质量的积极有效的途径．参4．     

高等职业技术学院学生环境保护意识调查研究

通过对湖南环境生物职业技术学院部分大学生的环境意识、环境行为等进行问卷调查,并对调查结果进行分析.结果表明,职业技术学院大学生的环境保护意识水平有待提高.所以在往后的教学工作中,加强环保宣传,开展更为广泛的环境保护教育势在必行.图6,表3,参11.     

高职农业类专业学生职业能力与职业素质培养的路径探索

该文概述了职业能力与职业素质的内涵,分析了用人单位对高职农业类专业学生职业能力与职业素质的要求.在此基础上,提出了高职农业类专业学生职业能力与职业素质培养的路径.参5.     

甘薯细胞悬浮培养的建立及其生长研究

由甘薯叶片诱导出愈伤组织,并由此建立起悬浮培养细胞系．分析其生长表明：南薯８８和８１２９４两种细胞系生长曲线均呈“Ｓ”型,其中南薯８８生长较快,是８１２９４的３倍以上,１０ｄ培养物的鲜重是初始鲜重的１０倍．培养条件研究结果表明：南薯８８细胞悬浮培养的最佳２,４Ｄ质量浓度为１．０ｍｇＬ－１,最佳蔗糖质量浓度为３０ｇＬ－１,椰乳和酵母汁能明显促进其生长;对于８１２９４,２,４Ｄ最佳质量浓度为２．５ｍｇＬ－１、蔗糖最佳质量浓度１５ｇＬ－１,酵母汁可促进其生长,但椰乳却无效;谷氨酰胺、色氨酸和脯氨酸不能促进甘薯悬浮细胞的生长,水解酪蛋白对其生长的促进作用亦不大;葡萄糖则抑制其生长     

Practical Science Communication Strategies for Graduate Students

Development of skills in science communication is a well‐acknowledged gap in graduate training, but the constraints that accompany research (limited time, resources, and knowledge of opportunities) make it challenging to acquire these proficiencies. Furthermore, advisors and institutions may find it difficult to support graduate students adequately in these efforts. The result is fewer career and societal benefits because students have not learned to communicate research effectively beyond their scientific peers. To help overcome these hurdles, we developed a practical approach to incorporating broad science communication into any graduate‐school time line. The approach consists of a portfolio approach that organizes outreach activities along a time line of planned graduate studies. To help design the portfolio, we mapped available science communication tools according to 5 core skills essential to most scientific careers: writing, public speaking, leadership, project management, and teaching. This helps graduate students consider the diversity of communication tools based on their desired skills, time constraints, barriers to entry, target audiences, and personal and societal communication goals. By designing a portfolio with an advisor's input, guidance, and approval, graduate students can gauge how much outreach is appropriate given their other commitments to teaching, research, and classes. The student benefits from the advisors’ experience and mentorship, promotes the group's research, and establishes a track record of engagement. When graduate student participation in science communication is discussed, it is often recommended that institutions offer or require more training in communication, project management, and leadership. We suggest that graduate students can also adopt a do‐it‐yourself approach that includes determining students’ own outreach objectives and time constraints and communicating these with their advisor. By doing so we hope students will help create a new culture of science communication in graduate student education. Estrategias Prácticas para la Comunicación Científica para Estudiantes de Posgrado     

钛夹法和钛夹法腹腔镜阑尾切除术治疗小儿阑尾炎的对比分析

目的：分析无钛夹法腹腔镜阑尾切除术在小儿阑尾样治疗中的临床意义．方法：对比分析无钛夹法和钛夹法腹腔镜阑尾切除术在小儿阑尾炎手术中的特点．结果：无钛夹法和钛夹法腹腔镜阑尾切除术在小儿阑尾炎的治疗中,在手术时间、手术操作、手术费用、术后早期恢复中,无明显差异;但无钛夹法没有体内金属异物残留,对患儿远期的生理和心理上的影响明显减少．结论：无钛夹法腹腔镜阑尾切除术与钛夹法相比,手术操作和近期疗效基本相同,但远期对患儿生理和心理的影响上有一定优势,值得临床推广．表1,参6．     

Developing Policy-Oriented Curricula for Conservation Biology: Professional and Leadership Education in the Public Interest

Abstract: Some conservation biologists question the ability of current university curricula to prepare students to meet the needs of the profession in solving real-life conservation problems or to integrate the goals of conservation biology with other societal goals. The gist of the criticism is that curricula tend to emphasize narrow, technical proficiency at the expense of more integrative, "policy-oriented" problem solving. Conservation biologists' work should be relevant to policy, and I argue that professional participation could become more effective through a broader educational curriculum. Such curricula should teach students three things: (1) an understanding of how the policy-making system works and how human value interactions constitute the core of professional work, (2) mastery of skills in critical thinking and development of an interdisciplinary, "procedural rationality" for analyzing problems and evaluating potential solutions, and (3) development of influence and responsibility within policy systems. Seminars, case studies, and field trips are among the tools that can develop these skills in students. Finally, the education committee of the Society for Conservation Biology has great potential to improve the quality and relevance of professional education.     

Graduate Student's Guide to Necessary Skills for Nonacademic Conservation Careers

Graduate education programs in conservation science generally focus on disciplinary training and discipline‐specific research skills. However, nonacademic conservation professionals often require an additional suite of skills. This discrepancy between academic training and professional needs can make it difficult for graduate students to identify the skills and experiences that will best prepare them for the conservation job market. We analyzed job advertisements for conservation‐science positions and interviewed conservation professionals with experience hiring early‐career conservation scientists to determine what skills employers of conservation professionals seek; whether the relative importance of skills varies by job sector (government, nonprofit, and private); and how graduate students interested in careers in conservation science might signal competency in key skills to potential employers. In job advertisements, disciplinary, interpersonal, and project‐management skills were in the top 5 skills mentioned across all job sectors. Employers’ needs for additional skills, like program leadership, conflict resolution and negotiation, and technical and information technology skills, varied across sectors. Our interview results demonstrated that some skills are best signaled to employers via experiences obtained outside thesis or dissertation work. Our findings suggest that graduate students who wish to be competitive in the conservation job market can benefit by gaining skills identified as important to the job sector in which they hope to work and should not necessarily expect to be competent in these skills simply by completing their chosen degree path. Guía para el Estudiante de Grado de las Habilidades Necesarias para Carreras de Conservación Académicas     

《生药学》CAI软件的应用研究

探索了《生药学》辅助教学软件的制作,阐述了该软件制作方法,进行资料收集与整理制作,软件编制,描述了其应用特点,操作主界面简洁,按照《生药学》教学特点,编制了笔划、药用部位、科名、拉丁药名四种查询方法,不但在课堂教学中应用效果佳,而且还用于实验教学.进行CAI系统设计,动态组织教学内容,调整教学方法,加强了老师和学生之间的交互能力,实现了以学生为主体课程网络教学辅助方式.图2,参5.     

当代公共生活面临的伦理困境研究

在当前中国社会转型时期,人们的生活方式、行为方式、价值规范和文化观念都发生了急剧的变化,使得公共生活产生了许多新的伦理问题,面临着新的伦理困境.主要表现在:一是"熟人社会"向"陌生人社会"转变,交往实践前所未有的拓宽了,信息交流产生不对称;二是社会公共生活在"情"和"理"之间矛盾增加;三是群己调适的问题凸显,在"群己"问题上更强调二者的合理性共存.参9.     

浅谈物业管理人才素质培养

培养和提高物业管理人才的素质,适应市场经济的客观需要,是企业在新形势下必须探讨和研究的一个现实课题．该文从我国物业管理人才素质现状及社会对物业管理人才素质要求出发,分析阐述了对物业管理人才素质培养的一点浅见,以供大家参考．参5．     

血液透析相关性低血压发生的原因及护理措施

目的 分析血液透析相关性低血压（intradialytic hypotension IDH）发生的原因及发生时间,以采取针对性护理措施减少IDH的发生.方法 通过对南华大学附属第一医院血液中心2012年9月至2013年3月发生IDH的患者进行统计分析.结果 共发生IDH726例,其中容量相关性因素占77％,发生时间在3～4h之间的占67％.结论 容量相关性因素是IDH发生的最常见原因,应加强对患者的宣教,使其在透析间期严格控制体重的增长,包括控制水分、钠盐的摄入.IDH的发生时间以透析3h后最常见,提示在透析3h后应加强对患者的巡视和严密监测血压情况.图2,参4.     

高校生态文明道德教育进课堂途径探析

大学生是具有较高觉悟和文化素质的公民群体,是未来中国社会发展、建设"美丽中国"的重要力量,同时又是人类环境的保护者、创造者.推进高校生态文明道德教育进课堂,培养大学生生态道德观、价值观,有效提升学生生态文明素质已成为当务之急.文章阐述了高校加强生态文明道德教育的必要性,分析了当前高校生态文明道德教育中存在的主要问题,提出了高校生态文明道德教育进课堂的主要途径.参5.