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以规划分析、生态环境质量现状调查为基础,以规划实施带来的生态环境影响为依据,采用多种方法建立生态补偿标准核算体系,确定补偿主体、客体及补偿方式,建立生态补偿保障体系,最后将生态补偿机制纳入规划文本,实施规划,并对生态补偿实施效果进行跟踪反馈,不断修正规划环境影响评价中的生态补偿机制.该机制的建立将有效降低规划实施带来的生态损失,实现从源头预防和控制生态影响,提高规划环境影响评价的有效性. 相似文献
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中国流域生态补偿制度的法律思考 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
分析了流域生态现状,指出了流域生态危机的严重性和完善流域生态补偿法律制度的迫切性,叙述了流域生态补偿制度建立的理论基础(即生态资本理论、公共产品理论和外部效应理论),在对中国现有流域生态补偿政策和法律规定分析的基础上,指出了中国现有流域生态补偿法律制度存在的缺陷,从流域生态补偿金、补偿对象、补偿标准和补偿方式方面提出了建议. 相似文献
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以楚雄市空气污染指标为样本,采用多元统计分析方法求出了3种空气污染指标之间的偏相关系数,讨论了它们之间的关联性和各个指标的相关性。运用时间序列分析方法分别建立了SO2、NO2及PM10的动态时间序列模型,并进行了检验和预测。结果表明,模型对数据的拟合较好,精度较高,可以用模型对楚雄市未来空气污染指标进行预测和分析,并对该市的空气质量作出合理的评价。 相似文献
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印染行业热定型机油烟废气检测方法研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
建立了粘胶基活性炭纤维吸附-正己烷萃取-紫外分光光度法检测热定型机油烟废气的方法,以印染厂实际热定型机油烟废气萃取液为标准油烟,在230 nm处测吸光度,绘制标准曲线,相关系数为0.999 7.实验结果表明,正己烷1次萃取率超过了90%,紫外分光光度法标准偏差为0.344~0.693,相对标准偏差在5%内,平均加标回收率为93%~98%,方法检出限为0.829 mg/L.粘胶基活性炭纤维耐高温,对0~100 mg/L的热定型机油烟废气的饱和吸附量为1.0~2.5 g/g.用Langmuir、Freundlich和DR方程对实验吸附等温线进行了拟合,低油烟浓度时Langmuir方程拟合较好,高浓度油烟时DR方程拟合较好. 相似文献
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《环境工程学报》2016,(9)
采用水热法合成纳米针铁矿α-Fe OOH,利用XRD、SEM对产物物相和形貌进行表征,研究了α-Fe OOH对靛蓝胭脂红的吸附性能,并进行动力学和等温吸附模型分析。结果表明,α-Fe OOH对靛蓝胭脂红具有良好的吸附性能,25℃时最大吸附量为40.31 mg·g-1。用Langmuir、Freundlich、D-R和Tempkind等4种等温吸附模型对实验数据进行拟合,Langmuir方程对实验数据拟合效果最好,D-R方程和Tempkin方程结果显示吸附是物理吸附。吸附过程符合准一级动力学方程,内扩散模型和Boyd模型结果显示膜扩散为吸附过程的主要速控步骤。 相似文献
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《环境工程学报》2017,(2)
为了提高聚硅酸铁(PSF)混凝剂处理腈纶废水处理效果,采用响应曲面法对实验反应条件进行优化。实验选取原水pH值、混凝剂投加量、沉降时间为自变量,COD去除率和浊度去除率为响应值,采用Box-Behnken实验设计方法,分别建立了二次多项式响应曲面模型。方差分析结果表明,该模型方程显著,模型与实际情况拟合良好,实验误差较小,可以用此模型来分析和预测聚硅酸铁混凝剂处理腈纶生化出水的最佳反应条件。模型优化结果显示,在pH值为7.44,投加量为1.74 g·L~(-1),沉降时间为17.26 min的条件下,响应曲面模型预测最大COD去除率为57.88%,浊度去除率为95%。 相似文献
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建立数学模型分析UV-Fenton对金属切削液废水的降解 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用UV/Fenton技术处理金属切削液废水,并通过正交实验和单因素实验得到了最佳工作条件为:pH=2.5,H2O2(浓度30%)投加量=127.5 mL/L,Fe2+投加量=24.8 mmol/L,总反应时间=3 h,投加次数6次,此条件下金属切削液废水COD去除率达到95%。最后,通过正交实验数据和单因素模型方程利用1st Opt进行多元非线性拟合建立UV/Fen-ton对金属切削液废水COD降解率的数学模型方程,然后进行分析讨论。 相似文献
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生态补偿机制要素、系统结构与概念模型的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在系统解析生态补偿机制概念的基础上,深入探讨了生态补偿机制的主体、对象、方式、标准、法律与政策等基本要素和系统结构,构建了包括补偿主体子系统、补偿对象子系统、补偿操作子系统和补偿保障子系统的生态补偿机制概念模型,该模型描述了生态补偿机制的自身运行方式和各个子系统之间的作用关系,最后指出科学构建和成功实践生态补偿机制亟待解决的若干核心问题和难点问题. 相似文献
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粉尘性质对电除尘器性能影响的试验研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
在半工业化的电除尘器实验系统装置上进行了烧结灰、飞灰、煤铁混合样的粒径分布及粉尘的真密度对电除尘器性能影响的实验研究。结果表明,电除尘器能有效捕集亚微米粉尘,对烧结灰净化最适合的粒径范围为1.37~2.03μm(η高达100%);对煤铁混合样的最适合粒径范围为3.30~7.25μm(η高达100%);电除尘器对煤铁混合样的粒径小于2.24μm的分级效率η高达92.36%。在同等试验条件下,电除尘器对烧结灰和煤铁混合样的总除尘效率为96.87%,高于飞灰的总除尘效率92.61%。 相似文献
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磺胺间甲氧嘧啶在土壤中的吸附/解吸特性研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过吸附/解吸动力学、吸附/解吸热力学试验研究了磺胺间甲氧嘧啶(SMM)在河南土壤上的吸附/解吸行为,并分析了影响SMM吸附/解吸的因素。结果表明,SMM在土壤中的吸附系数为18.9mL/g,土壤有机碳吸附系数为466.2mL/g,SMM在土壤中具有一定的移动性,对地下水和地表水存在一定的污染风险;描述SMM吸附过程的最优动力学方程为一级反应动力学方程,土壤对SMM的吸附近似于一级反应,且SMM在土壤中的吸附以物理吸附为主;用Freundlich方程来描述SMM在土壤的等温吸附行为最适宜,且SMM在土壤中的吸附经验常数的倒数均小于1,属于L-型吸附等温线。 相似文献
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Column study of the influence of air humidity on the retention of hydrocarbons on soil 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
García-Herruzo F Rodríguez-Maroto JM García-Delgado RA Gómez-Lahoz C Vereda-Alonso C 《Chemosphere》2000,41(8):1167-1172
Inverse gas chromatography (IGC) is used for the analysis of the influence of air relative humidity on the retention of hexane, benzene, toluene and p-xylene in a sandy soil under experimental conditions similar to those typical of soil vapor extraction (SVE). The advantages of IGC over other techniques, are (a) an efficient use of lab resources, (b) a high sensitivity to low partitioning coefficients and (c) a closer reproduction of field conditions. In our procedure, experiments with only two samples of different mass are necessary to establish if linear isotherms can be used to describe the retention of the contaminants. This approach gives information necessary for analyzing the feasibility and design of remediation technologies with a laboratory effort significantly smaller than the adsorption/desorption cycle for isotherm determination. The retention coefficients of the contaminants decrease as humidity increases in a similar fashion for all of them, probably because the reduction in the number of the adsorption sites available for the organic compounds due to the presence of water is quite similar for all the contaminants studied. These retention coefficients may be related to those obtained for dry air conditions for all the contaminants through (R - 1)RH% = A(R - 1)dry air(B), where the parameter B is found to remain approximately constant (0.90), while the parameter A decreases linearly with the relative moisture. 相似文献
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Abstract The pH‐disappearance rate profiles were determined at ca. 25°C for 24 insecticides at 4 or 5 pH values over the range 4.5 to 8.0 in sterile phosphate buffers prepared in water‐ethanol (99: 1 v/v). Half‐lives measured at pH 8 were generally smaller than at lower pH values. Changes in half lives between pH 8.0 and 4.5 were largest (>1000x) for the aryl carbamates, carbofuran and carbaryl, the oxime carbamate, oxamyl, and the organophosphorus insecticide, trichlorfon. In contrast, half lives of phorate, terbufos, heptachlor, fensulfothion and aldicarb were affected only slightly by pH changes. Under the experimental conditions described half lives at pH8 varied from 1–2 days for trichlorfon and oxamyl to >1 year for fensulfothion and cyper‐methrin. Insecticide persistence on alumina (acid, neutral and basic), mineral soils amended with aluminum sulfate or calcium hydroxide to different pH values and four natural soils of different pH was examined. No correlation was observed between the measured pH of these solids and the rate of disappearance of selected insecticides applied to them. These observations demonstrate the difficulty of extrapolating the pH dependent disappearance behaviour observed in homogeneous solution to partially solid heterogeneous systems such as soil. 相似文献
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通过波浪水槽试验,研究了泥沙起动临界状态时太湖贡湖湾底泥内源释放的特点。结果表明,当底泥处于泥沙起动临界状态时,底泥以上1cm处上覆水中溶解氧在前15min内呈降低趋势,由初始7.5mg/L左右降低至7.0mg/L以下;约20min后,溶解氧总体呈升高趋势,最高达到8.12mg/L;底泥以上1cm处上覆水中硝态氮、亚硝态氮、氨氮和磷酸根等营养盐浓度仅在过程中有不同程度的波动,试验前后基本保持不变。初步研究结果可见,在波浪水槽试验的条件下,泥沙起动临界状态在短时间内能降低水-沉积物界面上覆水的溶解氧浓度,而从环境效应角度看对太湖贡湖湾底泥内源释放没有影响。 相似文献
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Study on the cytotoxicity of microcystin-LR on cultured cells 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
The toxicity of purified blue-green algal toxin, microcystin-LR, on permanent cell lines KB, NIH/3T3, H-4-II-E, HeLa, Vero, Hep G2, Caco-2 and HL-60 was studied. Assessment of cell viability using colorimetric 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays indicated that purified microcystin-LR induced toxic effect on KB and H-4-II-E cell lines after 96 h incubation at toxin concentrations greater than 18.75 microg/ml. KB cell line was selected for further study when reproducibility, consistency and sensitivity were considered. Significant amounts of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were released from KB cells when incubation durations were 72 and 96 h with toxin concentrations of 18.75 microg/ml and higher. Although previous studies suggested that microcystin-LR had no cytotoxic effect on permanent cell lines, LDH release assay performed on KB cells indicated that exposure to microcystin-LR could result in damage to the cell membrane. 相似文献