共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 546 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
中国水产养殖规划现状分析与对策 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
水产养殖规划可以降低水产养殖和水环境之间的不确定性、减少水产养殖活动的外部不经济性、提高水资源的利用效率,对中国水产养殖的可持续发展有重要作用.对已实施的水产养殖规划的现状分析结果表明,存在着水产养殖规划基础与水产养殖规划实施间的不协凋性、环境影响评价环节的缺失和水产养殖规划的实施效果蔗等主要现象.其根本原因是现有水产养殖相关制度的配置不完善.应从环境影响评价与水产养殖规划的集成关系入手,通过完善水产养殖容量的估算、水产养殖的技术与经济评估指标、制度和相关利益者分析与评估的方法和指标,建立水产养殖规划的技术体系.引入第三方评审制度以监督规划环境影响评价的质量. 相似文献
4.
5.
经济的高速发展不只是为社会带来了便利,也无形中增加了水资源消耗的速率与水环境污染的负担。自“十三五”以来,为提高断面水环境质量、提升整体水质环境,各省市相继出台了水环境提升、水污染防治以及生态补偿政策。南京市江宁区顺应中央要求并结合自身特点,积极制定并实施了断面生态补偿工作方案,建立了由考核指标、补偿方式、核算方法、补偿标准组成的成套断面生态补偿考核系统。明确了补偿标准机制、补偿责任分配以及补偿资金使用等关键问题。为推进江宁区断面水质达标工作与水环境提升的总体目标奠定了夯实的基础。 相似文献
6.
推进规划环境影响评价,既是贯彻落实<中华人民共和国环境影响评价法>、促进生态文明建设的需要.也是环境保护行政主管部门加强污染源头控制、参与宏观决策的有效途径.在对江苏、云南、重庆等地进行实地调研的基础上,分析了中国当前规划环境影响评价工作所面临的形势,重点研究了浙江省在推进规划环境影响评价工作中需要重点关注的问题,并提出了浙江省推进规划环境影响评价的相关建议. 相似文献
7.
8.
9.
10.
涉及生物多样性的环境影响评价有效性评估分为对执行状况的评估和对管理状况的评估两方面.以生态影响型环境影响评价报告书执行合规程度和行政管理的信息机制完善程度为评估目标,构建了“原则层-指标层-标准层”评估指标体系和量化评估方法.涉及生物多样性的环境影响评价有效性一般,主要问题是评价等级与评价范围的确定不符合相关规范,生态环境现状评价、生态影响预测及公众参与的有效性均不理想;信息机制有效性很差,缺失报告书草稿公布阶段和项目运营后评估信息公布阶段,已有的各信息公布阶段在内容上存在明显时滞,干系人综合决策与审批透明度不足.建议明确评价机构的资质,加强培训和信息公开的执法. 相似文献
11.
The ability of two biodegradable surfactants, polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80) and sodium dihexyl sulfosuccinate (Aerosol MA), to recover a representative dense non-aqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL), trichloroethene (TCE), from heterogeneous porous media was evaluated through a combination of batch and aquifer cell experiments. An aqueous solution containing 3.3% Aerosol MA, 8% 2-propanol and 6 g/l CaCl(2) yielded a weight solubilization ratio (WSR) of 1.21 g TCE/g surfactant, with a corresponding liquid-liquid interfacial tension (IFT) of 0.19 dyn/cm. Flushing of aquifer cells containing a TCE-DNAPL source zone with approximately two pore volumes of the AMA formulation resulted in substantial (>30%) mobilization of TCE-DNAPL. However, a TCE mass recovery of 81% was achieved when the aqueous-phase flow rate was sufficient to displace the mobile TCE-DNAPL toward the effluent well. Aqueous solutions of Tween 80 exhibited a greater capacity to solubilize TCE (WSR=1.74 g TCE/g surfactant) and exerted markedly less reduction in IFT (10.4 dyn/cm). These data contradict an accepted empirical correlation used to estimate IFT values from solubilization capacity, and indicate a unique capacity of T80 to form concentrated TCE emulsions. Flushing of aquifer cells with less than 2.5 pore volumes of a 4% T80 solution achieved TCE mass recoveries ranging from 66 to 85%, with only slight TCE-DNAPL mobilization (<5%) occurring when the total trapping number exceeded 2 x 10(-5). These findings demonstrate the ability of Tween 80 and Aerosol MA solutions to efficiently recover TCE from a heterogeneous DNAPL source zone, and the utility of the total trapping number as a design parameter for a priori prediction of DNAPL mobilization and bank angle formation when flushing with low-IFT solutions. Given their potential to stimulate microbial reductive dechlorination at low concentrations, these surfactants are well-suited for remedial action plans that couple aggressive mass removal followed by enhanced bioremediation to treat chlorinated solvent source zones. 相似文献
12.
Torben Nielsen Anders Feilberg Mona-Lise Binderup 《Environmental science and pollution research international》1999,6(3):133-137
The occurrence of particle associated PAH and other mutagenic PAC was determined in 1996 in the street air of Copenhagen.
In addition, particle extracts were tested for mutagenicity. The measurements were compared with previous measurements in
1992/1993. The levels had decreased in this period. The decrease was caused by an implementation of light diesel fuels for
buses and the exchange of older petrol-driven passenger cars with catalystequipped new ones. About 65% of the reduction was
caused by the application of the light diesel fuels. Under special conditions, chemical processes in the atmosphere produced
many more mutagens than the direct emissions. The concentrations of S-PAC and N-PAC were 10 times lower than those of PAH,
while the levels of oxy-PAH were in the same order of magnitude as those of PAH. Benzanthrone, an oxy-PAH, is proposed to
be formed in the atmosphere in addition to direct emissions. Benzo(a)pyrene, often applied as an air quality criteria indicator,
was photochemically degraded in the atmosphere. A strong increase in the mutagenic activities was observed to coincide with
a depletion of benzo(a)pyrene. 相似文献
13.
Jaana Koistinen Sirpa Herve Raija Paukku Mirja Lahtiperä Jaakko Paasivirta 《Chemosphere》1997,34(12):2553-2569
Concentrations of different chlorinated compounds were measured in mussels incubated in two polluted watercourses, a river (the River Kymijoki) and a lake (Lake Vanaja) for four weeks in summer 1995. The sum concentrations of polychlorinated phenols (PCP) and biphenyls (PCB) were both about 1 μg/g lipid weight (lw) in Lake Vanaja mussels, while in the River Kymijoki mussels PCPs were non-detectable and PCBs were measured 120 ng/g lIw. The concentrations of toxic polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD) and dibenzofuran (PCDF) congeners ranged between <17 and 370 pg/g Iw in Lake Vanaja mussels and between <38 and 11,000 pg/g lw in the River Kymijoki mussels. Polychlorinated diphenyl ethers (PCDE) were detected in the mussels incubated in the River Kymijoki (0.4–1.1 ng/g Iw), but not in those incubated in Lake Vanaja. Polychlorinated phenoxyanisoles (PCPA) were measured 33 ng/g lw and polychlorinated phenoxyphenols (PCPP) 300 ng/g lw in the mussels incubated in the River Kymijoki. PCPAs were also detected in reference samples, which were sediment and pike from the River Kymijoki and Baltic salmon, seal and white-tailed sea eagle. 相似文献
14.
Andreia Garcês Isabel Pires Paula Rodrigues 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2020,55(1):75-89
AbstractIn the last decades, the use and misuse of pesticides in the agriculture have increased, having a severe impact on ecosystems and their fauna. Although the various effects of pesticides on biodiversity have been already documented in several studies, to our knowledge no consistent overview of the impact of pesticides in vertebrates, both terrestrial and aquatic, is available. In this review, we try to present a concise compilation of the teratogenic effects of pesticides on the different classes of vertebrates – mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish. 相似文献
15.
G T Brooks 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(5):619-621
The Pesticide Manual ‐ A World Compendium, 8th Edition, C.R. Worthing, Editor and S.B. Walker, Assistant Editor, British Crop Protection Council, BCPC Publications Sales, Bear Farm, Binfield, Bracknell, Berkshire RG12 5QE, England. 1987, 1100 pp., UK £50; Overseas £56. ISBN 0–948404–01–9. 相似文献
16.
Wilkins K Nielsen KF Din SU 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2003,10(3):162-166
We reported previously that trichodiene, a volatile trichothecene derivative, was produced by a Stachybotrys isolate, also known to produce highly cytotoxic, non-volatile, macrocyclic trichothecenes (satrotoxins). We investigated the relationship between the production of trichodiene and various non-volatile trichothecenes for several molds. Volatile metabolites were concentrated by adsorption on Tenax TA and analyzed by GC/MS, while non-volatile metabolites were separated by HPLC, derivatized and analyzed by GC/MS. Stachybotrys chartarum isolates producing macrocyclic trichothecenes secreted significantly larger amounts of trichodiene and other sesquiterpenes than isolates which only produced simple trichothecenes. The amounts of secreted trichodiene were relatively small in all cases. With the exception of Memnoniella, which excreted small amounts of sesquiterpenes, the other isolates produced varying amounts of sesquiterpenes, including trichodiene, as well as simple tricothecenes, no detectable trichodiene, but large amounts of griseofulvin derivatives. In Stachybotrys there is apparently a correlation between trichodiene and macrocyclic trichothecene production. In the remaining isolates, there was no simple relationship between trichodiene and non-volatile trichothecene synthesis. Trichodiene is produced in larger amounts by Stachybotrys isolates, which also produce satratoxins, but it will be difficult to utilize this metabolite to detect toxic isolates in buildings due to the relatively small amounts excreted. 相似文献
17.
Blunt RE Walsh KA Ashton DK Viant MR Chipman JK 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2007,14(5):293-296
A Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) funded Knowledge Transfer (KT) workshop was held in the United Kingdom (UK)
to identify the needs and opportunities in the application of molecular biology and ‘omics’ techniques to environmental monitoring
and risk assessment. Attendees highlighted a lack of effective communication between end-users and researchers as well as
difficulties with data interpretation as reasons behind the slow uptake of molecular biology and omics techniques. A number
of promising areas in which new techniques could be implemented at a practical level in the very near future were identified,
thereby raising the profile of these recent technologies and providing vital proof of concept work. Molecular taxonomy, bacterial
source tracking and pre-screening of chemicals for potential toxicities were all viewed as areas in which omics and molecular
techniques could have immediate value, with the aim of reducing cost, increasing efficiency and providing more comprehensive
data of improved quality. 相似文献
18.
Ralph A. Chapman Carol Harris 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(4-5):397-407
Abstract The active ingredients in commercial formulations of malathion, oxamyl, carbaryl, diazinon, and chlorpyrifos diluted to “spray tank”; concentrations with buffered distilled or natural water of pH 4–9 were stable for at least 24 hr. Formulations of trichlorfon were not stable at pH 7 or above but disappearance rates were slower than for the pure chemical in homogeneous solution. Cupric ion was observed to be an effective catalyst for the hydrolysis of a variety of pure organophosphorus insecticides but did not catalyze hydrolysis of the active ingredients of the formulations examined. Increasing the dilution of the formulation increased the susceptibility of malathion, oxamyl, and carbaryl to hydrolysis. 相似文献
19.
Organochlorine compounds in a three-step terrestrial food chain 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The concentrations of 15 organochlorine chemicals (PCBs and pesticides) were studied in a Central European oak wood food chain system: Great tit (Parus major), caterpillars (Tortrix viridana, Operophtera brumata, Erannis defoliaria), and oak-leaves (Quercus robur). Juvenile tits receive organochlorines from the mother via egg transfer and, eventually to a greater extent, from the caterpillar food source during nestling period. The concentrations of PCB 153 (2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl, the most abundant in this study) was found in leaf material at ca. 1 ng/g, in caterpillars 10 ng/g, and in bird eggs 170 ng/g on an average and on a dry mass basis. 相似文献
20.
Ona Sakaliene Sharon K. Papiernik William C. Koskinen Kurt A. Spokas 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(6):641-647
This study was undertaken to determine sorption coefficients of eight herbicides (alachlor, amitrole, atrazine, simazine, dicamba, imazamox, imazethapyr, and pendimethalin) to seven agricultural soils from sites throughout Lithuania. The measured sorption coefficients were used to predict the susceptibility of these herbicides to leach to groundwater. Soil-water partitioning coefficients were measured in batch equilibrium studies using radiolabeled herbicides. In most soils, sorption followed the general trend pendimethalin > alachlor > atrazine~ amitrole~ simazine > imazethapyr > imazamox > dicamba, consistent with the trends in hydrophobicity (log Kow) except in the case of amitrole. For several herbicides, sorption coefficients and calculated retardation factors were lowest (predicted to be most susceptible to leaching) in a soil of intermediate organic carbon content and sand content. Calculated herbicide retardation factors were high for soils with high organic carbon contents. Estimated leaching times under saturated conditions, assuming no herbicide degradation and no preferential water flow, were more strongly affected by soil textural effects on predicted water flow than by herbicide sorption effects. All herbicides were predicted to be slowest to leach in soils with high clay and low sand contents, and fastest to leach in soils with high sand content and low organic matter content. Herbicide management is important to the continued increase in agricultural production and profitability in the Baltic region, and these results will be useful in identifying critical areas requiring improved management practices to reduce water contamination by pesticides. 相似文献