河北省沿海地区休闲农业发展路径研究

从京津冀协同发展的角度探讨了河北省沿海地区休闲农业的发展,挖掘了其发展现状及存在问题——呈现出快速发展态势,但是相对某些省份,发展仍较为落后,主要是面和点都相对较少。并从文化内涵、产业链延伸和可持续发展三个方面进行了定位,探讨出河北省沿海地区休闲农业发展的可行性路径——制定统一标准进行统筹规划,以特色节庆为契机发展休闲农业,重点推出特色休闲农业产品。     

我国北方沿海城市海水利用概述

北方沿海地区水资源短缺现象日益严峻,海水利用成为解决这些地区淡水不足的有效途径之一.本文在介绍北方沿海地区海水利用现状的基础上,对各种海水利用技术的发展现状进行了详细介绍,说明技术的发展有利于提高北方沿海地区的海水利用水平.同时指出,沿海地区不但要注重海水资源的开发,也要兼顾对环境的保护.     

粤东沿海地区的区域发展

在分析粤东沿海地区的概况、区域发展的优劣势条件基础上,结合粤东沿海地区的发展机遇,提出了区域发展的构思:扩大区域开放与协调、进行产业调整和升级、优化城镇体系和空间格局及人口发展对策.     

基于PSR模型沿海地区经济与环境协调发展评价

从当前沿海地区环境发展压力着手,利用压力—状态—响应模型,分析了当前沿海地区环境资源状态,构建沿海地区经济与环境协调发展评价指标体系,并利用2013年11个沿海地区省市的统计数据进行实证分析,测算沿海地区的环境协调度指标。结果表明:环境保护水平表现出较显著的空间分异特征,沿海地区经济发展水平是影响环境状况的主要因素,湿地面积、资源利用率和政府投入对环境保护的程度有重要影响,沿海地区环境保护程度与PSR模型的协调度呈正相关,并提出今后应加快产业转型,大力发展环保产业,注重提升环境保护质量的沿海地区经济与环境协调发展新模式。     

临港产业的国内外经验及对江苏的启示

探讨临港产业的基本理论,借鉴发达国家和地区发展临港产业的先进经验,结合江苏沿海地区发展临港产业的优势条件,提出石油化工、汽车制造、风电装备制造、海洋工程、物流集散五大优势临港产业基地建设是临港产业发展的重点,旨在为江苏沿海地区临港产业发展提供新思路.     

沿海经济低谷区港口、城镇、产业联动发展研究述评

沿海地区港口、城镇、产业间有着息息相关的依存关系,三者联动发展的程度直接影响着沿海地区经济的发展.从港口区位、港口功能、港口与城镇空间联系、滨水区及海岸带开发的视角梳理了国外相关研究成果,从联动发展的理论和实证研究方面对国内大量文献进行了总结,并对未来的研究趋势进行评论与展望.     

沿海地区入境旅游消费时空特征、趋势及发展对策

基于2000—2011年沿海11省市入境旅游的相关指标数据,从时空差异视角揭示沿海地区入境游客消费水平、消费层次及其演变特征,采用灰色GM(1,1)模型,对沿海地区入境旅游发展态势进行预测分析。结果表明,我国沿海地区入境旅游消费水平不高,非基本资料所占总消费资料比重和入境旅游消费结构高级化指数低。为推动沿海地区入境旅游稳定、持续与快速发展,提出了相应的对策建议。     

中国休闲渔业发展质量的区域特征与空间格局演变

从休闲环境、资源配置、产业结构、消费需求、接待服务和产业政策6个维度构建了休闲渔业发展质量评价指标体系,并运用ArcGIS空间分析方法探究了2009—2018年我国休闲渔业发展质量的区域特征与空间格局演变。结果表明:①我国休闲渔业发展质量存在明显的区域差异,表现为从沿海向内陆地区梯度递减。②休闲渔业发展质量的重心位于河南境内,并呈现出向西北方向的快速移动,空间分布格局由东北—西南向正北—正南转变。③休闲渔业发展质量的空间集聚特征表现出"随机—集聚—集聚减弱"的演化态势,其热点区主要集中在环渤海、京津冀、长江三角洲区域。     

数字

14万亩新华网南京1月5日电(记者孙彬)记者从江苏省国土资源厅获悉,江苏沿海地区从2010年开始的140万亩农村土地整治,将新增耕地14万亩,提高粮食产量3.5亿斤。     

我国金融与海洋产业结构优化的耦合发展研究

金融发展与海洋产业结构优化之间具有相互渗透、相互作用、相互依存的耦合关系。构建了金融发展与海洋产业结构优化综合评价指标体系,运用耦合度模型和耦合协调度模型,对我国11个沿海地区金融与海洋产业结构优化的耦合发展状况进行了时空分异测度。结果表明:我国多数沿海地区两大系统的发展态势及耦合关系均呈现稳健向上的趋势,但也存在地区差异明显、部分沿海地区耦合关系失调等耦合裂隙,提出发挥政府的支持和引导作用、推动海洋金融产业集群建设、健全风险管理机制与强化金融监管并重、建立区域海洋金融合作机制等建议。     

江苏沿海风能资源禀赋与开发利用研究

江苏沿海地区拥有丰富的风能资源,开发前景十分广阔,尤其是中部、南部地区拥有广阔的沿海滩涂和辐射沙洲,建设沿海风电场的条件优越,是打造江苏"海上三峡"新能源基地的希望所在。阐述了江苏沿海风能资源开发的重要意义,分析了沿海风能资源的禀赋与时空分布特点,指出江苏沿海岸区风能资源丰富,且沿海滩涂宽广,是建立大型风力发电场的理想之地,在此基础上提出发展江苏沿海绿色能源基地的构想。     

江苏沿海滩涂资源现状及其开发利用

江苏是我国经济强省也是旅游大省，长期以来旅游发展主要集中在沿江及苏南地区，而广大苏北地区经济欠发达，是旅游业较薄弱区域，笔者认为，江苏沿海有着丰富的自然生态旅游资源，如能对其进行合理的开发利用对振兴苏北经济，实现江苏旅游业跨世纪发展有着重要意义。     

Knowledge,Gender, and Resources in Small-Scale Fishing: The Case of Honda Bay,Palawan, Philippines

The coastal zone is a place of intense activity where resources, users, and resource-use practices interact. This case study of small-scale fisheries in Honda Bay, Palawan, Philippines shows that resources, space, and gender are intertwined. The study was conducted between June 1997 and July 1998. The data were gathered using free listing, pile sort, ranking, resource mapping, and key informant interviews. The results showed that women's knowledge about fishery resources and their fishing activities are associated with the intertidal zone whereas men's knowledge is associated with coral reefs. In classifying fishery resources, appearance is the main consideration for women whereas a combination of appearance, habitat, and type of fishing gear is the consideration used by men. Market price is very important because of its dependence on the demand of the export market as well as the local market. Women dominate the buying of fishery products. Many women market their husband's catch, process fish, or gather shells and sea cucumber for sale. Among the fishing households, type of fishing gear provides an indication of socioeconomic standing. This paper concludes that access to resources is shaped by gender and age. The differences in resource knowledge possessed by men and women lead to differential access to fishery resources. In addition, the differences in socioeconomic status also influence resource access. The socialization of children into fishing reinforces the gender division of labor and space in the coastal zone.     

Closing the open sea: Development of fishery management in four Icelandic fisheries

The article outlines the development of Iceland's fishery rights and the extension of its territorial waters between the 1950s and the mid‐1970s, whereby Iceland gained exclusive control and use of the marine resources of the waters within 12, later 50, and ultimately 200 nautical miles around the island. The article concentrates on four of Iceland's main fisheries: shrimp, herring, capelin and cod. These four fisheries are discussed separately and in depth, presenting the beginnings and growth of the industry and detailing the development of management practices and the corresponding legislation and regulatory measures. Iceland's initial concern was to gain control over the marine resources surrounding the island, but once this was achieved, the focus of attention shifted to managing first the economic and soon also the ecological aspects of its tremendous resource. Informed mainly by indigenous expertise, Iceland's concern was to limit overfishing, manage its fisheries sustainably both from the economic and ecological points of view, and find the best ways to distribute the revenues from the marine harvest. The article looks at each of the four fisheries to clarify how the individual transferable quota (ITQ) system came into being, how initial quota holdings were allotted, and analyses the circumstances under which the ITQ system became the management tool of choice. For each fishery, the process of regulatory evolution was quite unique. At the same time, there is a common pattern to all the fisheries, which may be summarized as follows. Firstly, serious attempts to reform management practices only got underway when the fishery had collapsed or was close to collapse. Secondly, stakeholders invariably started the process of regulation by limiting access to the fishery. Thirdly, a variety of rules were implemented to allocate rights to participate in the fishery to additional entrants once membership had been closed. Finally, prior to the invention of the ITQ system, prices were used to manage fisheries in Iceland. It may be concluded that the management of fisheries by ITQs may be a historical accident, rather than the end point of a logical evolution.     

Assessing the impact of fisheries co-management interventions in developing countries: a meta-analysis

Co-management is now established as a mainstream approach to small-scale fisheries management across the developing world. A comprehensive review of 204 potential cases reveals a lack of impact assessments of fisheries co-management. This study reports on a meta-analysis of the impact of fisheries co-management in developing countries in 90 sites across 29 case-studies. The top five most frequently measured process indicators are participation, influence, rule compliance, control over resources, and conflict. The top five most frequently measured outcome indicators are access to resources, resource well-being, fishery yield, household well-being, and household income. To deal with the diversity of the 52 indicators measured and the different ways these data are collected and analysed, we apply a coding system to capture change over time. The results of the meta-analysis suggest that, overall fisheries co-management delivers benefits to end-users through improvements in key process and outcome indicators. However, the dataset as a whole is constituted primarily of data from the Philippines. When we exclude this body of work, few generalisations can be made about the impact of fisheries co-management. The lack of comparative data suitable for impact assessment and the difficulties in comparing data and generalising across countries and regions reiterates calls in other fields for more systematic approaches to understanding and evaluating governance frameworks.     

Rights and Conflicts in the Management of Fisheries in the Lower Songkhram River Basin,Northeast Thailand

A complex, pre-existing local property rights system, characterized by overlap and conflict, comprises the local basis for managing inland fisheries in communities of the Lower Songkhram River Basin (LSRB) of Northeastern Thailand. The components, conflicts and changes of the system are analyzed for fourteen communities, focusing on the auction system for barrages, an illegal and destructive, yet tolerated, fishery. These rights, adapted to gear type, seasonality, and habitat of the LSRB fisheries, are a critical social resource and proven management system that should be legitimized. Recommendations are made for both improving general inland fisheries policy and reforming the barrage fishery.     

An approach for integrating economic impact analysis into the evaluation of potential marine protected area sites

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are one tool that can be used in the comprehensive management of human activities in areas of the ocean. Although researchers have supported using MPAs as an ecosystem management tool, scientific research on MPAs in areas other than fisheries and fisheries management is limited. This paper presents a model for designing marine protected areas that protect important components of the ecosystem while minimizing economic impacts on local communities. This model combines conservation principles derived specifically for the marine environment with economic impact assessment. This integrated model allows for consideration of both fishery and non-fishery resources and activities such as shipping and recreational boating. An illustration of the model is presented that estimates the total economic impacts on Massachusetts' coastal counties of restricting fishing and shipping at certain sites in an area in the southern Gulf of Maine. The results suggest that the economic impacts on the region would differ according to the site in which shipping and fishing were restricted. Restricting activities in certain sites may have considerable impacts on local communities. The use of the model for evaluating and comparing potential MPA sites is illustrated through an evaluation of three different policy scenarios. The scenarios demonstrate how the model could be used to achieve different goals for managing resources in the region: protecting important components of the ecosystem, minimizing economic impacts on the local region, or a combination of the two.     

Luring anglers to enhance fisheries

Current fisheries management is, unfortunately, reactive rather than proactive to changes in fishery characteristics. Furthermore, anglers do not act independently on waterbodies, and thus, fisheries are complex socio-ecological systems. Proactive management of these complex systems necessitates an approach--adaptive fisheries management--that allows learning to occur simultaneously with management. A promising area for implementation of adaptive fisheries management is the study of luring anglers to or from specific waterbodies to meet management goals. Purposeful manipulation of anglers, and its associated field of study, is nonexistent in past management. Evaluation of different management practices (i.e., hypotheses) through an iterative adaptive management process should include both a biological and sociological survey to address changes in fish populations and changes in angler satisfaction related to changes in management. We believe adaptive management is ideal for development and assessment of management strategies targeted at angler participation. Moreover these concepts and understandings should be applicable to other natural resource users such as hunters and hikers.     

Policies, Regulations, and Eco-ethical Wisdom Relating to Ancient Chinese Fisheries

Marine ecosystems are in serious troubles globally, largely due to the failures of fishery resources management. To restore and conserve fishery ecosystems, we need new and effective governance systems urgently. This research focuses on fisheries management in ancient China. We found that from 5,000 years ago till early modern era, Chinese ancestors had been constantly enthusiastic about sustainable utilization of fisheries resources and natural balance of fishery development. They developed numerous rigorous policies and regulations to guide people to act on natural laws. Being detailed and scientific, the legal systems had gained gratifying enforcement, due to official efforts and folks’ voluntary participation in resource management. In-depth analyses show that people’s consciousness of ecological conservation was derived from the edification of kinds of ancient eco-ethical wisdom, such as totemism, nature worship, Zhou Yi, Taoism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Mohism, etc. All this Chinese classical wisdom have the same cores: “Nature and Man in One” spirit, frugality and “All things are equal” concept. The findings show that eco-ethical thinking is never inconsistent with social ethic systems, and it’s of great importance to give legal effect to usual ecological moral claims and eco-ethical requirements of the public in protecting the environment. The eco-ethical wisdom is efficient in assisting and urging people to fulfill humans’ obligation for nature. Finally, it’s believed that present world fisheries management will benefit a lot from all these ancient Chinese thoughts and practices. People are expected to make the most of the eco-ethical wisdom, strengthen fishery legislation and fully stimulate their voluntary participation in both marine fishery resources conservation and fishery cyclic economy.     

Marine Protected Area Management in South Africa: New Policies,Old Paradigms

A historical perspective on MPA identification and governance in South Africa reflects the continued influence of a top-down and natural science-based paradigm, that has hardly changed over the past half century, despite the wealth of literature, and a growing consensus, that advocates the need to adopt a more integrated and human-centered approach. Based on extensive research in two coastal fishing communities, the paper highlights impacts and conflicts arising from this conventional approach to MPA identification, planning and management. It argues that failure to understand the particular fishery system in all its complexity, in particular the human dimensions, and involve resource users in planning and decision-making processes, undermines efforts to achieve conservation and fisheries management objectives. The customary rights of local resource users, and their food and livelihood needs in relation to marine resources, need to be acknowledged, prioritized and integrated into planning and decision-making processes. Convincing ecologists, fisheries scientists and managers, that MPA success depends on addressing the root causes of resource decline and incorporating social factors into MPA identification, planning and management, remains a huge challenge in South Africa.