4,4'-二氨基二苯基甲烷对浮萍(Lemna minor L.)毒性作用

以浮萍(Lemna minor L.)为受试生物,通过研究不同浓度(0、0.6、1.8、5.4、16.2和48.6 mg·L-1)的4,4'-二氨基二苯基甲烷(4,4'-methylenedianiline,MDA)对浮萍生长、叶绿素含量、PSⅡ最大光化学效应(Fv/Fm)、质膜透性及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的影响,初步探讨MDA对水生植物浮萍的毒性作用.实验结果表明,在7d暴露时间下,MDA对浮萍叶片数、叶片数生长率、叶片干质量和叶面积都有显著的抑制作用,且抑制程度与MDA的浓度呈正相关.其对浮萍叶片数生长抑制的7d半数效应浓度(7 d-ECs0)为26.7 mg·L-1,95％置信限为22.3 ～ 32.1 mg·L-1;对浮萍叶片数产量抑制的7 d-EC50为0.62 mg-L-1,95％置信限为0.53～0.74 mg-L-1;对浮萍总叶面积及干质量产量抑制的7 d-EC50＜0.6 mg·L-1.MDA处理导致浮萍总叶绿素含量和Fv/Fm下降,而浮萍质膜透性显著增加.低浓度MDA对浮萍SOD、POD和CAT酶活性无显著影响,但随着MDA浓度的升高SOD、POD和CAT酶活性显著升高,当MDA浓度达到48.6 mg· L-1时,抑制POD和CAT酶活性.以上结果表明,MDA能够直接损伤质膜,干扰叶绿体功能并抑制光合活性,而氧化损伤是质膜损伤引起的继发性应激,继而引起膜脂质过氧化,加剧质膜损伤,从而进一步抑制浮萍的生长.     

多壁碳纳米管对铜绿微囊藻生长及生理特征的影响

碳纳米材料由于其具有优异的性能,得以广泛生产和使用,其不可避免会进入水环境中,对水生生态系统造成潜在影响。本文以铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)为受试材料,通过暴露实验,研究了多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)单独作用对铜绿微囊藻的生物毒性和致毒机理。研究结果表明:低浓度(0.1 mg·L~(-1)和0.5 mg·L~(-1))的MWCNTs能刺激铜绿微囊藻的生长,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)酶活增强;中低浓度(0.1～10.0 mg·L~(-1))范围内,MWCNTs促使光合色素合成,促进藻细胞增殖;高浓度(50mg·L~(-1)和100 mg·L~(-1)) MWCNTs对蓝藻生长产生抑制,严重抑制叶绿素a,藻细胞生命活力下降; MWCNTs浓度高于1 mg·L~(-1)时,SOD、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)酶活性逐渐降低,丙二醛(MDA)的含量则逐步上升;可溶性蛋白含量与MWCNTs浓度有关,MWCNTs浓度低于5 mg·L~(-1)时,蛋白质含量增加,MWCNTs浓度高于5 mg·L~(-1)时,蛋白质含量逐渐减少。     

硝酸铊对浮萍(Lemna gibba L.)的生长抑制及其氧自由基损伤作用

为了探讨硝酸铊(Tl(I)-nitrate)对浮萍(Lemna gibba L.)的生长抑制作用及其可能的氧化损伤机制,设置了Tl(I)-nitrate的8个处理组(0.005、0.01、0.02、0.04、0.08、0.1、0.5和1.0 mg·L-1)和对照组(0.0 mg·L-1),进行96 h急性毒性实验,测定96 h内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及丙二醛含量。结果表明:96 h暴露时间下,浮萍生长受抑制程度与Tl(I)浓度之间呈正相关,Tl(I)-nitrate对浮萍的96 h EC50为0.076 mg·L-1,NOEC为0.01 mg·L-1。CAT活性随着Tl(I)-nitrate浓度升高逐渐降低,在0.5和1 mg·L-1时,有极显著差异(p0.01)产生,SOD活性在0.1 mg·L-1时显著升高(46%),POD活性和MDA含量在Tl(I)浓度0.5 mg·L-1时明显上升。当Tl(I)-nitrate胁迫超出浮萍抗氧化酶系统清除活性氧的能力时,活性氧积累导致浮萍受到不可逆转的氧化损伤。Tl(I)-nitrate对浮萍生长产生明显的抑制作用     

氯代阻燃剂得克隆对纤细裸藻的生态毒性效应

得克隆(Dechlorane Plus,DP)作为全球广泛使用的氯代阻燃剂,具有POPs特性和环境毒性,但其生物毒性数据非常有限。本文选择水生初级生产者纤细裸藻(Euglena gracilis)作为研究对象,通过检测藻细胞生长状况、光合色素水平、抗氧化酶活性、谷胱甘肽(GSH)和丙二醛(MDA)含量变化,研究了不同浓度DP对其生态毒性效应的影响。结果显示,低浓度DP对纤细裸藻生长具有一定促进作用,但差异不显著;DP浓度较低时(0.1和0.5 mg·L-1DP)类胡萝卜素含量受到轻微抑制;较高浓度DP暴露导致超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)水平显著增加,同时高浓度DP(8 mg·L-1)下MDA含量显著上升,提示膜结构受到损伤;表明较高实验浓度范围内,DP对纤细裸藻的生长及抗氧化系统均产生一定影响,结果将为DP的环境生态风险评价提供科学依据。     

马拉硫磷及其水解产物对圆瘤浮萍的生长抑制及氧化损伤作用

为了探讨马拉硫磷和主要水解产物对圆瘤浮萍的生长抑制作用及可能的氧化损伤机制,采用静态培养法,研究不同浓度的马拉硫磷及其水解产物二甲基二硫代磷酸酯(DMDTP)、二甲基硫代磷酸酯(DMTP)、二甲基磷酸酯(DMP)对圆瘤浮萍生长、叶绿素含量、叶绿体活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响。结果表明,暴露7 d后,浓度为100 mg a.i.·L-1处理下的浮萍叶状体生长量与空白对照组无显著性差异;DMDTP、DMTP和DMP对圆瘤浮萍叶状体生长量的半数抑制浓度(7 d-IC50)分别为52.9、45.5和98.0 mg a.i.·L-1。随着试验液中DMDTP、DMTP和DMP浓度的升高,圆瘤浮萍叶绿素含量均明显降低,叶绿体活性则分别表现为诱导-抑制、抑制和抑制效应。在DMDTP、DMTP和DMP胁迫下,脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量明显增加;圆瘤浮萍体内的抗氧化酶系统均受到影响。总体表现为随着DMDTP浓度的增加,SOD活性先降低后升高;DMTP和DMP胁迫下,SOD活性呈现先降后升再降的趋势;POD和CAT活性则随3种水解产物浓度的增加呈现先升后降趋势;这表明抗氧化酶系统对外部胁迫的应答很复杂。马拉硫磷对圆瘤浮萍的毒性较小,其水解产物DMDTP、DMTP和DMP均对圆瘤浮萍的生长产生一定的毒性作用。在实际生产中,应多加关注马拉硫磷水解产物对环境生物的风险评估。     

壬基酚胁迫对莱茵衣藻的生理影响

研究了不同浓度壬基酚(nonylphenol)对莱茵衣藻(Chlamydormonas reinhardtii)生长、色素含量、抗氧化酶活性和脂质过氧化作用的影响.结果表明,随着ρ(壬基酚)(0～0.8 mg·L-1)的升高,莱茵衣藻的生长受到抑制,培养5d时0.8mg·L-1壬基酚处理组抑制率达到84.4％.叶绿素a含量随着壬基酚浓度的升高而呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,类胡萝卜素含量则逐渐降低,0.6 mg·L-1壬基酚处理组叶绿素a和类胡萝卜素含量分别比对照组下降16.7％和37.2％(P＜0.05);总可溶性蛋白和丙二醛(MDA)含量随壬基酚浓度的升高而呈下降趋势,0.4和0.6 mg·L-1壬基酚处理组这两个指标与对照组间差异均达显著水平(P＜0.05).超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性随壬基酚浓度的增加而不断上升,至ρ(壬基酚)为0.6 mg·L 1时SOD和CAT活性极显著升高(P＜0.001),分别为对照组的25.0倍和32.1倍.还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量在一定浓度范围(0～0.2 mg·L-1)内随壬基酚浓度的升高而升高,当ρ(壬基酚)＞0.2mg·L-1时则下降,表明壬基酚胁迫可诱导GSH含量增加.     

吡啶硫酮金属对华美盘管虫抗氧化性的影响

我国近岸局部海域的重金属污染严重威胁着生态环境和人类健康。吡啶硫酮铜(CuPT)和吡啶硫酮锌(ZnPT)在海洋防污和化工产品中的应用近来逐年增加,对其生态毒性及其机理进行研究迫在眉睫。本文以我国南海常见多毛类——华美盘管虫(Hydroides elegans Haswell)为受试生物,研究了CuPT和ZnPT对华美盘管虫的抗氧化系统的影响。试验结果表明在CuPT和ZnPT胁迫下,华美盘管虫体内的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)的活性,以及还原型谷胱甘肽含量(GSH)和丙二醛(MDA)含量发生与暴露毒物种类、浓度和时间相关的变化。SOD、CAT和GR的活性在较低浓度(25μg·L~(-1))的CuPT胁迫6 h后呈显著上升趋势,但随暴露时间延长(12 h和24 h),GR的活性显著下降;而暴露于较低浓度(50μg·L~(-1))的Zn PT中,仅SOD活性显著升高,CAT和GR的活性都显著下降。在较高Cu PT(100μg·L~(-1))或Zn PT(200μg·L~(-1))浓度中,CAT和GR的活性都显著下降。GSH含量对Cu PT或Zn PT胁迫的响应呈现明显的时间效应,即随暴露时间的延长,通常由显著上升转为显著下降。MDA含量在Cu PT(100μg·L~(-1))或Zn PT(200μg·L~(-1))高浓度组中呈显著升高趋势。     

双酚A对青岛大扁藻的干扰效应

为了探讨双酚A(bisphenol A,BPA)对海洋微藻的生态毒性效应,实验选择了以青岛大扁藻(Platymonas helgolanidica)作为受试物种,设置6个实验浓度(即0、2、4、6、8、10 mg·L-1)对微藻进行了96 h暴露处理,测定了不同浓度暴露下对青岛大扁藻的生长以及抗氧化系统酶活性等指标。研究结果表明,BPA对青岛大扁藻的96h-EC50为9.32 mg·L-1,属高毒类污染物。青岛大扁藻经过BPA暴露处理后,细胞密度下降,细胞色素含量降低,并且呈现明显的剂量-效应关系;细胞抗氧化系统中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(MDHAR)、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性均受到干扰。     

4-壬基酚对拟柱胞藻生长、抗氧化酶和光合作用的影响及机理

为探究4-壬基酚对入侵水华蓝藻拟柱胞藻的影响,对不同浓度(0.00、0.05、0.10、0.50、1.00、2.00 mg·L~(-1)) 4-壬基酚处理96 h后的拟柱胞藻叶绿素a、抗氧化酶和光合作用进行测定。结果表明,4-壬基酚对拟柱胞藻96 h半数效应浓度(96 h-EC_(50))为0.457 mg·L~(-1)。高浓度处理(0.50 mg·L~(-1))时,拟柱胞藻叶绿素a含量、最大光合效率(F_v/F_m)、光合效率(α)、最大相对电子传递速率(rE TRmax)、半饱和光强(Ik)、RC/Cs0、ET0/RC、ΦP0、ΦE0、ψ0和Sm/t(F_m)均显著下降被显著抑制,而光合系统Ⅱ中ABS/RC、DI0/RC和TR0/RC均显著增加,同时超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性随着浓度增加明显上升。而低浓度处理下(0.10 mg·L~(-1)),拟柱胞藻的叶绿素a含量、光合效率、最大相对电子传递速率和半饱和光强增加。这些结果表明高浓度4-壬基酚处理下,拟柱胞藻的叶绿素合成受阻,光合色素减少,光合反应中心结构受损,Q-A大量累积,光合效率下降,抑制藻细胞的光合作用,导致了拟柱胞藻生长受到阻碍,而低浓度壬基酚处理下,则可能表现出低剂量毒物兴奋效应。     

纳米ZnO对中华圆田螺的氧化应激效应

以淡水螺为受试生物,研究了中华圆田螺(Cipangopaludina Cahayensis)肝脏中自由基强度、抗氧化酶活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量纳米ZnO暴露21 d时的变化情况.结果表明,纳米ZnO可显著诱导中华圆田螺产生羟基(·OH)自由基;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和MDA含量的变化趋势相同,0.1—1 mg·L~(-1)暴露下活性随浓度增加逐渐增加,2 mg·L~(-1)时有所回落;过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性呈诱导状态,随浓度增加活性缓慢增大;谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GST)活性保持抑制状态;·OH信号强度与SOD活性和MDA含量的变化具有一致性;SOD活性和MDA含量激活率较高,CAT激活率则保持稳定.     

The effect of oxytetracycline on physiological and enzymatic defense responses in aquatic plant species Egeria densa,Azolla caroliniana,and Taxiphyllum barbieri

Oxytetracycline is an antibiotic widely employed in aquaculture to control and treat bacterial diseases of fish. Due to ineffective wastewater treatment, antibiotic residues from fish ponds are directly released into surface and groundwater affecting the environment. The Green Liver System® is a sustainable and cost-effective water treatment based on the ability of aquatic plants to biotransformation xenobiotics. To expand the application range of this system, Egeria densa, Azolla caroliniana, and Taxiphyllum barbieri were tested in response to oxytetracycline exposure. The aquatic plants were exposed to 0.5, 2.0, 5.0, and 25 μg/L oxytetracycline (n = 4) for 24 h in order to analyze the physiological responses (photosynthetic pigment contents and hydrogen peroxide formation -- H₂O₂), the biotransformation process (activity of glutathione S-transferase), and the antioxidant defense (glutathione reductase; peroxidase; and catalase) responses. There were no statistical differences in the photosynthetic pigment contents and H₂O₂ level between the treatment and control groups in the three aquatic plant species. It can be concluded that oxytetracycline does not provoke physiological damage to the tested species within 24 h of exposure. Nevertheless, the antioxidant defense mechanism was activated. Peroxidase and catalase were the most prominent antioxidant enzymes in the three plant species, whereas glutathione S-transferase activity was significantly increased in A. caroliniana and T. barbieri.     

双酚A对小鼠肝脏和肾脏细胞的氧化损伤

为探究双酚A(BPA)的氧化毒性,分别以剂量为20、40和80mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)的BPA对雄性昆明小鼠灌胃处理1周,并测定了小鼠体内活性氧自由基(ROS)水平、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量和DNA-蛋白质交联系数(DPC)。与对照组相比,各BPA暴露组小鼠肝脏和肾脏细胞中的ROS生成量、MDA含量和DPC系数均升高,而GSH含量下降(P<0.05或P<0.01)。ROS生成量、GSH含量和DPC系数均显示出剂量-效应关系。研究表明,BPA可扰乱小鼠肝脏和肾脏细胞的氧化应激平衡,诱导细胞氧化损伤。     

Effects of chronic bisphenol A exposure on hepatic antioxidant parameters in medaka (Oryzias latipes)

Bisphenol A (BPA), the plastic monomer and plasticizer with well-known endocrine-disrupting chemical properties, is widely present in the aquatic environment, but little is known regarding hepatic toxicity in fish. This study assessed the effects of chronic exposure to BPA on the antioxidant defense system of Japanese medaka liver. Fish were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of BPA (0.1, 1, 10, 100, or 1000?µg?L^?1) for 60 days. Antioxidant parameters were determined and compared with controls. The results showed that the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, and the content of reduced glutathione were all induced at 10?µg?L^?1 BPA after 60 days. Further, hepatic CAT was sensitive to BPA at 1?µg?L^?1 concentration. In conclusion, CAT may serve as a potential early biomarker of BPA exposure in aquatic environment.     

Toxic effects of enrofloxacin on Scenedesmus obliquus

In this article, the toxic effects of Enrofloxacin (ENFX) on Scenedesmus obliquus were studied, through investigating the growth, photosynthetic pigments, and protein contents. The possible toxic mechanisms of ENFX were analyzed by determining the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, proline content, and superoxide anion (O ₂ ^? ) generation rate. Results showed that the growth of algae was inhibited by ENFX and the 50% effective concentration (EC₅₀) values for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of ENFX were 88.39, 63.86, 45.10, and 59.16 mg·L^?1, respectively. After treated with ENFX for 96 h, the contents of photosynthetic pigments decreased with the increase of ENFX concentration, the content of soluble protein and the activity of SOD increased and then decreased, and the generation rate of superoxide anion (O ₂ ^? ) increased continually. The contents of MDA and proline changed little in lower ENFX concentration groups, but increased rapidly when treated with higher concentration groups. These results suggested that ENFX affected the growth of S. obliquus, and the main toxicity mechanism was that algal cells generated the reactive oxygen species under ENFX stress, and then the reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced the oxidation damages of biologic macromolecules and changed the biomembrane permeability further.     

Effects of bisphenol A on Gammarus fossarum and Lumbriculus variegatus in artificial indoor streams

The impact of bisphenol A (BPA) on Gammarus fossarum and Lumbriculus variegatus was studied in four artificial indoor streams (0, 5, 50 and 500?µg?L^?1 BPA, nominal) over 103 days in a pulse–dose exposure scenario (weekly BPA application). For G. fossarum populations at day 103, the proportions of juveniles and of breeding females from the highest BPA treatment were in tendency reduced. For individually exposed gammarid pairs an EC₁₀ of 17?µg?L^?1 BPA (nominal) for the proportion of reproductive females in the fourth brood was determined. During the first three broods, the largest brood size occurred at the highest BPA concentration, whereas in the fourth brood it decreased concentration-dependently (fourth brood EC₁₀?=?5?µg?L^?1 BPA, nominal). Effects on L. variegatus were a reduced population growth (103?d-EC₁₀ of 2?µg?L^?1 BPA, nominal) and an increase in dry weight and the number of segments in large, complete worms.     

四溴双酚A(TBBPA)对中肋骨条藻的毒性效应研究

为研究四溴双酚A(tetrabromobisphenol A,TBBPA)对海洋微藻的毒性效应,本文设置五个不同浓度组(0、1.0、5.0、10.0、20.0 mg·L-1)进行中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)培养实验,在96 h内取样分析其光合色素含量、可溶性蛋白含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的变化。结果表明,较低浓度组(1.0和5.0 mg·L-1)叶绿素a、叶绿素c和类胡萝卜素含量48 h之前被显著诱导,最大值出现在24 h;较高浓度组(10.0和20.0 mg·L-1)三种色素含量在48 h之前被显著抑制,24 h达最低值;72 h之后各浓度组均恢复到对照组水平。不同浓度TBBPA胁迫下,中肋骨条藻的可溶性蛋白含量、SOD活性和MDA含量一般被显著诱导,SOD活性和MDA含量在72 h和96 h时随TBBPA浓度升高而增加。虽然1.0 mg·L-1TBBPA对中肋骨条藻生长不具有可观测效应,但已影响到其生理生化指标。目前海水中TBBPA浓度较低,尚不会对中肋骨条藻产生毒性影响。     

脱水红霉素对蛋白核小球藻的生态毒性效应研究

脱水红霉素是环境中普遍存在的一种大环内酯类抗生素,其生态毒性效应尚不明确。因此,以蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella pyrenlidosa)为受试生物,研究了脱水红霉素对绿藻的生长、叶绿素a含量、抗氧化酶活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响。结果表明,脱水红霉素对蛋白核小球藻的生长具有抑制作用,且随暴露浓度的升高而增强。脱水红霉素对蛋白核小球藻的96 h比生长率半数抑制浓度(E_rC_(50))和生长量半数抑制浓度(E_yC_(50))分别为0.267和0.117 mmol·L~(-1),属于中-低毒物质。脱水红霉素暴露对蛋白核小球藻的叶绿素a含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和MDA含量具有重要影响。叶绿素a含量随脱水红霉素浓度升高而降低; SOD酶活性升高,但与脱水红霉素浓度之间不存在剂量效应关系,CAT酶活性和MDA含量随脱水红霉素升高而升高,说明脱水红霉素对蛋白核小球藻具有氧化胁迫效应。暴露96 h后,藻液中脱水红霉素的去除率随其初始浓度增加而增加,在脱水红霉素初始浓度为0.87 mmol·L~(-1)时,其去除率可达到43%。研究结果可为脱水红霉素的生态风险评估提供理论依据。     

Vertical heterogeneity in physiological characteristics of Ulva spp. mats

In eutrophic areas, green macroalgae are frequently and for long periods arranged in mats, resulting in a steep light gradient. This study investigates the effect of this gradient on physiological characteristics [tissue nitrogen content, maximal photosynthetic efficiency (F_v/F_m), glutathione levels and redox ratio, absorbance and absorption spectra] of the green macroalga Ulva spp. Mats were sampled during the build-up (June), stationary (July), and decomposing (September) phases of a macroalgal bloom in the Veerse Meer, a eutrophic brackish (salinity 15–20 psu) lake in the southwest Netherlands. Water samples were taken for nutrient analyses. At all three sampling dates, the mats were composed almost entirely of Ulva spp.; in September the mats were in decay and covered with silt and epiphytes. In June and July, total dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentration (DIN) of the water within the mat was significantly higher than outside the mat. Pronounced vertical differences were found in tissue N, F_v/F_m values, total glutathione levels, glutathione redox ratios, and absorbance. In June and July, tissue N decreased from over 2.2% dry weight (DW; N-sufficient) in the bottom layers to around 1% DW (minimum level for survival) in the top layers. Wide-band absorption increased with depth in the mat and throughout the season, probably due to higher Chl a and b and lutein contents. The shape of the absorption spectrum was similar for all layers. The absorption of the silt/epiphyte film on the top Ulva layer was highest; its absorption spectrum (high absorption in the 500–560 nm range) indicates that the film on the top layers of the macroalgal mats mainly consisted of diatoms. In June, F_v/F_m and the glutathione redox ratio of the algae increased with depth in the layer, while total glutathione decreased. Low F_v/F_m values in the bottom and middle layers in September reflect the bad condition of the algae; the mats were largely decaying. It is concluded that multiple growth-limiting gradients occur in macroalgal mats: upper layers suffer from nitrogen limitation and photoinhibition while bottom layers are light limited. The algae in the mat acclimatize to low light conditions by increasing their absorption through increased pigment contents and by higher photosynthetic efficiency during the build-up and stationary period. This study qualifies the glutathione redox ratio as a promising candidate for stress indicator in macroalgae and provides suggestions for its further development.Communicated by S.A. Poulet, Roscoff     

双酚A与其替代品对黑斑蛙急性毒性的比较

双酚F(BPF)和双酚S(BPS)作为双酚A(BPA)替代品广泛使用,然而有关BPF和BPS的毒性数据非常有限。采用系列浓度的BPA、BPF、BPS溶液,暴露黑斑蛙胚胎和蝌蚪96 h,通过半致死浓度(LC50)、最小生长抑制浓度(MCIG)和致畸率等指标比较3种化合物的急性毒性。结果显示:100 mg·L-1BPS未导致黑斑蛙胚胎及蝌蚪畸形和死亡。BPA和BPF对黑斑蛙胚胎的96h-LC50分别为7.68 mg·L-1和7.99 mg·L-1,MCIG分别为4.47 mg·L-1和4.77 mg·L-1,最大致畸率为33.33%;对蝌蚪的96 h-LC50分别为9.00 mg·L-1和9.52 mg·L-1。依据《化学农药环境安全评价准则》的毒性分级标准,判定BPA和BPF的毒性等级为中毒,BPS的毒性等级为低毒。表明BPF急性毒性与BPA相当,BPS急性毒性低于BPA。本研究数据可为BPF、BPS作为BPA替代品的生产和使用以及相应的环境管理提供毒理学参考。