畜禽养殖业清洁生产的必要性及实施对策研究--以浙江省为例

集约化畜禽养殖业的发展在提高人民生活水平的同时也给环境带来了巨大的压力。清洁生产是基于污染预防的一种环境保护的战略措施,它体现了废弃物的减量化、资源化、无害化原则。实施畜禽养殖业清洁生产是保证畜禽养殖业健康可持续发展的根本途径。分析了畜禽养殖业实施清洁生产的必要性．并根据当前畜禽养殖业清洁生产进展中存在的问题,提出了相应的对策。     

新西兰氮排放配额与交易制度对中国的启示——以奶牛养殖业为例

近年来,排污权有偿使用与交易制度在中国部分省份开展了试点工作,许多大型的规模化畜禽养殖场也进行了排污许可证的申领。针对新西兰奶牛养殖业的污染治理措施进行了研究,梳理其开展污染防治工作的措施体系,以陶泊湖周边施行的氮排放配额与交易为主要对象,阐述了新西兰在养殖业排放配额与交易制度方面的工作实践,其配额基准核定方法、"资源许可证"申领制度、配额交易体系、相关支撑措施在一定程度上具备优势和先进性,对中国的畜禽养殖污染减排工作具有借鉴意义。     

北京市畜禽养殖业污染治理模式探讨

由于北京市农业耕地资源有限、规模化养殖场集中、畜禽养殖业管理薄弱等原因,致使大量畜禽粪便随意排放和流失,破坏生态环境。为解决北京市畜禽养殖业污染问题,在概述畜禽粪污处理技术的基础上,根据北京市畜禽养殖业污染治理现状,分析其存在的主要问题,探讨了基于区域集中式粪污处理模式,并提出了相关规划与政策建议,为北京市畜禽养殖污染治理提供经济、可行的发展方向。     

畜禽养殖污染物排放及防治对策

在分析畜禽养殖对水环境污染的严重性后,提出了防治畜禽养殖污染的对策措施。     

光合细菌在农业面源污染控制方面的应用

针对国内外面源污染日趋严重的现状,提出了利用光合细菌既可有效控制农业面源污染,又能促进生态农业发展.故对光合细菌在种植业、畜禽养殖业、水产养殖业等产生的面源污染控制中的作用机理和应用现状进行了综述.     

畜禽养殖业污染与循环经济

解决畜禽养殖业的污染问题要以充分利用资源为根本出发点，通过对污染全过程控制及废物综合利用，达到畜禽粪便的减量化、无害化、资源化，走循环经济的发展道路。     

射阳县黄沙港流域面源污染现状及防治对策

针对农村面源污染日渐突出的问题,以农村饮用水源地黄沙港为例分析了农村面源污染的现状和成因,并从乡镇规划、生活污水处理工艺选择、畜禽水产业污染治理、农药化肥的施用、农业废弃物利用技术等方面提出防治措施。     

昆山市养殖业污染状况及防治对策

调查了昆山市养殖业现状，根据污染物排放系数，定量计算了2000年该市污染物排放量，并根据实际情况提出了污染防治对策。     

吉林省招苏台河流域农业非点源污染特征研究

招苏台河吉林段为辽河重污染支流,以发展农业为主的产业结构使流域内非点源污染十分严重。采用输出系数法与地理信息系统(GIS)技术相结合,对2003—2012年流域农业非点源污染的组成结构、年际变化和空间分布特征进行研究。研究结果表明:(1)2003—2012年研究区农业非点源TN、TP负荷均呈先增后减趋势,TN负荷平均贡献率由高至低依次为种植业(52.62%)、畜禽养殖业(37.66%)、农村生活(9.72%);TP负荷平均贡献率依次为畜禽养殖业(51.58%)、种植业(30.36%)、农村生活(18.06%);(2)河流两岸1 000m缓冲区内农业非点源污染负荷相对集中,2012年缓冲区内TN、TP负荷分别为流域总负荷的50.30%、54.68%;(3)种植业和农村生活所产生的污染相对稳定,缓冲区内的畜禽养殖业是该流域农业非点源污染防治的重点和突破口。     

“十二五”畜禽养殖污染减排问题及防治对策

对中国"十二五"前3年畜禽养殖业污染减排实践中存在的问题和面临的困境进行了分析和梳理,针对问题依据各地养殖现状核算了各区域耕地粪污承载负荷。据此提出种养结合是区域适宜的粪污治理思路,为地方政府与环境主管部门推进畜禽养殖污染防治和粪污资源化利用提出了建议。     

UASB-SBR组合工艺处理畜禽养殖废水的研究

近年来,随着中国畜禽养殖业的快速发展,落后的养殖模式和污染防治设施,使畜禽养殖污染日趋严重,畜禽养殖污染已居农业污染源之首,已成为中国环境污染的重要因素,对环境质量乃至人体健康都会产生不良影响。文中采用UASB—SBR组合工艺处理畜禽养殖废水,通过试验探讨SBR反应器启动方法及最佳运行模式,同时研究UASB反应器的启动方法。结果表明,SBR运行的最佳模式为进水0.5 h、反应8 h、沉淀1 h、出水0.5 h、闲置14 h。经过一段时间的启动,UASB和SBR反应器均成功启动,UASB—SBR组合工艺在处理畜禽养殖废水时可获得稳定的处理效果,COD、氨氮、总磷等出水水质均达到《畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准》(GB18596-2001)要求,为畜禽养殖废水处理的工程化应用提供了参考依据。     

启东市畜禽养殖污染调查及防治对策思考

根据启东市第一次全国污染源普查数据,对启东市畜禽养殖污染的现状和成因进行了深入分析,并提出了对畜禽养殖污染防治的对策思考。     

Diffusion pollution from livestock and poultry rearing in the Yangtze Delta,China

BACKGROUND: The Yangtze Delta is one of the most developed regions in China and includes Shanghai, eight cities in Jiangsu province and eight cities in Zhejiang province. Meat consumption in this region has increased with economic growth, and most of the consumed meat is produced locally. The water quality of surface waters has deteriorated in recent years. An example was the huge blue-green algae bloom in Tai Lake in late May 2007, which affected millions of people's daily drinking water. However, animal husbandry is considered to be one of the main pollution sources. METHODS: Pollutants (NH3-N, total phosphorus (TP), and total nitrogen (TN)) excreted by livestock and poultry, and the resultant COD (chemical oxygen demand) and BOD (biochemical oxygen demand), were estimated using two different methods based on different data sets. RESULTS: The number of livestock and poultry has remained stable in the Yangtze Delta over the four years from 1999 to 2002, with the average number of pigs, cattle, sheep and poultry being 21.1 M, 0.4 M, 7.7 M and 597.6 M, respectively. Pollutants in livestock and poultry excreta estimated by Method I were: 0.12 Mt NH3-N, 0.11 Mt TP and 0.29 Mt TN, resulting in COD and BOD of 1.34 Mt and 1.30 Mt, respectively, while the estimations based on Method II were: 0.18 Mt NH3-N, 0.15 Mt TP and 0.40 Mt TN, resulting in COD and BOD of 1.95 Mt and 1.80 Mt, respectively. DISCUSSION: Pollutants excreted annually by livestock and poultry in the Yangtze Delta are estimated to be: 0.17 Mt NH3-N, 0.16 Mt TP and 0.42 Mt TN, giving rise to a COD of 1.86 Mt and a BOD of 1.72 Mt. Approximately 25% of this pollution was estimated to enter water bodies, which means that the annual pollutant load is 43,700 t NH3-N, 39,400 tTP, 104,600t TN with a COD of 465,000 tand a BOD of 430,100 t. Pollutants from animal husbandry were similar in magnitude to those from industrial wastewater. Pigs produced the most pollution, followed by poultry, cattle and sheep. The pollution load from animal husbandry in the Yangtze Delta is about twice the average level of the whole of China. CONCLUSIONS: Domestic wastewater was the main pollution source in the Yangtze Delta, followed by pollution from raising livestock and poultry and from industrial wastewater. The pollution load in Shanghai and Jiaxing were the greatest, followed by 7 cities of Jiangsu province (except Suzhou) and other cities of Zhejiang province and Suzhou. Pigs and poultry produced about 90% of the total pollutants from animal husbandry. RECOMMENDATIONS AND PERSPECTIVES: The local governments, especially in Shanghai and Jiaxing, should focus their attention on the pollution produced by livestock and poulrry. Controlling pollution from pigs and poultry will have the greatest impact in this region. Control of pollution will be facilitated by the development of large-scale livestock and poultry farming units and a shift away from small scale husbandry.     

城市第三产业环境行为信息公开化研究初探

产业结构调整和城市化进程加速了中国第三产业的发展，但同时也给环境造成了影响和破坏。分析了中国第三产业环境污染特点，第三产业发展对环境管理的挑战。同时结合污染控制信息手段和环境信息公开的特点和优势，对开展第三产业环境行为信息公开化研究提出了建议。     

Water pollution control and strategies in Finnish pulp and paper industries in the 20th century

This paper discusses and analyses the evolution of the Finnish pulp and paper industries and their water pollution control strategies. The Finnish pulp and paper mills are mainly located along water courses in inland areas. The earliest documents on water pollution date back to the early 1900s. In spite of the remarkably good record during recent decades in water pollution control, it can be found among significant strategic decisions in only very few cases.     

Public Opinion and Community Involvement

A poll conducted by Opinion Research Corp. in 1965 has indicated to the chemical industry that there is substantial public concern with air pollution only in areas where the problem is critical, that industries are considered among the prime villains, and that there is only limited public awareness of industrial efforts to deal with pollution problems and of the economic factors in community pollution control programs. Other surveys have also pointed to rising public concern with industrial pollution, coupled with a lack of wider standing of the problem. The chemical industry believes that pollution control programs will be greatly handicapped without widespread public understanding and support.     

城市产业水污染控制优化研究——以株洲市为例

针对城市产业水污染状况，应用产业结构和工业行业结构优化模型，试图找出城市产业结构调整方法。研究以株洲市为例，根据株洲市产业结构和行业结构特点对模型进行改进和最优化计算。计算结果表明，产业和行业生产用水的调整可以减少废水排放量和实现经济增长。在此基础上，提出了株洲市产业和行业凋整方案，以期实现城市经济发展与环境保护协调发雇。     

城市产业水污染控制优化研究--以株洲市为例

针对城市产业水污染状况,应用产业结构和工业行业结构优化模型,试图找出城市产业结构调整方法.研究以株洲市为例,根据株洲市产业结构和行业结构特点对模型进行改进和最优化计算.计算结果表明,产业和行业生产用水的调整可以减少废水排放量和实现经济增长.在此基础上,提出了株洲市产业和行业调整方案,以期实现城市经济发展与环境保护协调发展.